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Koncept kolektivní paměti - základní východiska a závěry

Author(s): Dušan Lužný,Jan Váně / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2017

The study identifies the notion of collective memory and, particularly, its crucial elements that might be used as helpful research tools. It is based on the analysis of a memory thematizing socio-cultural context and of the existing sociological theories. It also draws on the findings of memory and cultural studies and psychology. The study identifies a total of 16 key elements (principles) of the collective memory concept, out of which the following are the most significant: a) understanding memory as a tool to understand and explain the present, b) addressing both the inner plurality of cultural memory and the plurality of cultural memories within a society, c) making the difference between the cultural and communicative memory, d) considering the significance of individual memory, e) understanding memory as narration, f) identifying the signification of schematic narrative templates.

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Bioethics and genetic engineering in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake

Author(s): Adam Škrovan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In the light of continuous development of genetic engineering technologies, it is apparent that speculative fiction has successfully anticipated various advancements and their applications. As a key method in this genre, the concept of plausibility allows for a realistic prediction of current scientific trends into future possibilities. In her novel, Oryx and Crake (2003), Margaret Atwood takes a cautionary approach, depicting a speculative future in which the misuse of biotechnologies leads to catastrophic consequences. This article explores the portrayal of bioethical issues surrounding genetic modification. It underlines the interdisciplinary necessity of addressing these concerns and highlighting ethical responsibilities in connection with scientific innovation.

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Perspektívy, limity a výzvy socialistického myslenia v epoche antropocénu

Author(s): Peter Daubner / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The article explores the perspectives, limits, and challenges of socialist thinking in the Anthropocene epoch. It reviews M. Hauser's book, "Manifest socialistického hnutia," which addresses the goals and strategies of socialists in the 21st century. The discussion highlights the transformation of socialist movements, the flexibility of capitalism, and the relevance of Marxist theory today. It critiques the current global capitalist system, emphasizing its environmental and social impacts. The article also examines the relationship between socialism and feminism, the historical context of colonialism, and the roles of China and Russia in the modern world. Daubner argues for the need to create theoretical and cultural conditions for a new socialist politics in Central Europe, addressing contemporary political, economic, cultural, and ecological issues.

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Teatralizačné a performačné excesy slovenskej rockovej alternatívy v osemdesiatych a deväťdesiatych rokoch 20. storočia

Author(s): Július Fujak / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2024

This paper is focused on alternative rock music in the 1980s and the 1990s in Slovakia. Within this field, the author concentrates on the specific area of the theatrical dimension of the concerts and music videos of various bands (Chór vážskych muzikantov, Karpatské chrbáty, Ľahká Múza, Bez ladu a skladu, Teória Odrazu, Jesus Underground Band, and Chiki liki tu-a). He interprets the eccentricities, bizarreness, and excesses of their poetics in the context of the theories of “culture from below” and “DIY culture”, as well as of defiance, criticism, and, especially, parrhesia (Michel Foucault) – open, direct speech, which is associated with various risks but, at the same time, allows one to acquire dignity. From the perspectives of music, visuals, and worldview, the eccentricities of alternative rock in the aforementioned period were expressions of inner freedom and the need for alternative articulations of a different way of life and a different artistic expression

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Everyone’s watching you: The future of society in Dave Eggers’s The Every

Author(s): Catherine MacMillan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This article explores Dave Eggers’ s 2021 dystopian novel The Every from the perspective of philosopher Roberto Esposito’s intertwined concepts of community and immunity, as put forward in his books Communitas (1998), Immunitas (2002), Bios (2004), and Common Immunity (2023). In Eggers’ s novel, The Every is a gigantic, world-dominating corporation which, through soft totalitarian means, seeks to create a utopian, peaceful, politically correct, and environmentally friendly world. It thus aims to immunise the world from the violent void at the heart of community by encouraging surveillance (of self and others) through a wide variety of apps. However, in its attempt to create a homogenous, peaceful world, The Every arguably suffers from an excess of immunisation from Esposito’s perspective. This results in an autoimmune crisis, leading to both the exclusion of large swathes of the population, such as the poor or the technophobe Trogs, and to increased mental illness and even suicide among those subjected to constant surveillance and self-censorship.

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The pursuit of harmony: Groups and communities in post-apocalyptic narratives

Author(s): Adam Škrovan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This article analyzes the challenges faced by survivors within the unforgiving environments of fictional post-apocalyptic worlds as they seek refuge, better living conditions, and the possibility of rebuilding civil society. Grounded in an interdisciplinary framework that merges literary criticism with social contract theory – particularly drawing on the concept of the state of nature – the article examines how the apocalyptic event itself influences the ideology, goals, and behavior of communities of survivors. By focusing on the social dynamics and background of these groups in various post-apocalyptic works, the study elaborates on recent academic literature which highlights harmonious relationships in post-apocalyptic contexts.

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TOWARDS A MORE DEMOCRATIC FORUM: SOURCE ANALYSIS OF NEWS REPORTING ON OLDER PEOPLE'S PROBLEMS IN DELO DURING THE SLOVENIAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS FROM 2004 TO 2018

Author(s): Otto Gerdina,Sinja Gerdina / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

While an increasing number of studies provide important insights into media construction of old age, the structure of news sources is seldom examined. The latter is especially important in democratic societies, during election years, when people elect representatives who tackle older people's social problems. Using content analysis, we examined the source structure of news articles reporting on older people's problems in the Slovenian newspaper Delo in five sequential parliamentary election years from 2004 to 2018. The findings showed that news coverage was predominantly constructed by elite sources rarely including representatives of older people. This characteristic strengthens the surveillance function of Delo but undermines its role as a democratic forum. However, during the last three observed election years, Delo's news reporting showed signs of transitioning towards a more democratic forum, which holds potential for fostering older people's civic inclusion.

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PAID PARENTAL LEAVE IN SERBIA: THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Jovana Čikić,Tamara Jovanović,Ana BILINOVIĆ RAJAČIĆ,Maja Mijatov Ladičorbić,Aleksandra DRAGIN,Kristina Košić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

For the last two decades, Serbian family policies have gone through several changes in accordance with contemporary trends and changes in family life and also influenced by EU regulations and recommendations. Current legislation is in line with the gender equality principle, enabling both parents to exercise their rights and to pursue a work-life balance. However, when it comes to paid parental leave, the Serbian legal framework is considered inflexible in terms of choosing the combination of length of leave and the remuneration amount. In this paper, we argue that Serbian parental leave policies must be analysed in relation to the specific context of a (unfinished) post-socialist transition at the semi-periphery of Europe, population decline and strong familism. The burden of parenthood is still predominantly on women’s shoulders, even though ideas about a “new fatherhood”, more involved in child rearing, have become more widespread. Whether they are employed or not, women/mothers remain the primary caregivers, while the typical Serbian family can be described as a male breadwinner model.

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Občina / společně sdílené statky / commons

Author(s): Jiří Silný / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2024

The article addresses the topic of so-called commons. It first provides a very brief historical overview and then presents selected contemporary scholarly and activist perspectives on this issue. The author emphasises that commons have never completely disappeared and are currently receiving increasing attention, specifically as “new commons” in the digital realm. According to the author, current initiatives in the area of commons demonstrate stability and support the development of local economic and social resilience even in times of crisis, especially where they receive a certain level of institutional support.

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Джерело

Author(s): Kyrylo Polovinko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 05+06/2024

Growing up in the 90s, the protagonist’s childhood was filled with the latest gadgets and video games, creating a stark contrast with the outdoor play of other children. Despite parental concerns about the impact of video games, the protagonist’s love for storytelling and strategic thinking flourished. Forced to read books as a form of discipline, the protagonist initially resisted but eventually found solace and inspiration in literature. This journey from reluctant reader to passionate book lover highlights the transformative power of stories. The narrative also touches on the challenges of maintaining a personal library while fleeing conflict, emphasizing the enduring comfort and strength found in books. Ultimately, literature becomes a vital source of resilience and happiness, proving that the right book at the right time can change a life.

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Життя на межі: Херсон, Харків, Ізюм, Чернігів

Author(s): Nataliia Kolehina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 04/2024

At the Kyiv Book Arsenal, a profound discussion titled “Life on the Edge: Kherson, Kharkiv, Izium, Chernihiv” brought together writers, museum directors, and cultural managers to explore the resilience of Ukrainian frontline cities. Participants shared their experiences of rebuilding cities after Russian occupation, emphasizing the importance of cultural projects and community support. Stories from Kharkiv highlighted the city’s cultural revival, while Izium’s narrative focused on the scars of occupation and the need to preserve memories. The conversation also touched on the psychological impact of war, the role of local myths, and the collective effort to document and understand these experiences. The dialogue underscored the enduring spirit of Ukrainian cities and their determination to overcome adversity and rebuild stronger communities.

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Žít v různých světech

Author(s): Volodymyr Yermolenko / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2024

In times of world collapse, individuals are left to confront their dual nature, both angelic and demonic. The extraordinary Ukrainian linguist and literary critic Jurij Šerech-Ševeľov recounts a wartime episode where, despite lacking proper documentation, he received unexpected help from a young, naive Viennese policeman. This act of kindness, defying both wartime and peacetime logic, highlights the profound human capacity for compassion amidst chaos. Similarly, Russian philosopher Fjodor Stepun viewed the Bolshevik revolution as a demonic imitation of good, reflecting on the monumental yet misguided efforts of Lenin. Both Šerech and Stepun, along with many others, experienced the dramatic shifts of their times, witnessing the death of old worlds and the birth of new ones. These periods of upheaval, while causing personal suffering, also fostered intellectual and spiritual growth. Living through multiple epochs, from the Soviet Union's collapse to the rise of new democracies, has given Ukrainians a unique perspective on the multiplicity of worlds. This experience contrasts with the more stable lives of those in wealthier nations, who may understand different worlds intellectually but not experientially. The tension between different worlds within a single lifetime can spark new ideas and innovations, as true understanding often arises from the cracks between established systems.

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Andrij Zelinskyj: „Říká se, že ve válce nenajdete ateisty, ale není to pravda. Jsou tady také, setkával jsem se s nimi, můžu vám ukázat, ve kterém zákopu. Ve válce ale nenajdete lidi, kteří by nezměnili své životní priority.“

Author(s): Lenka Víchová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2024

In the midst of war, priorities shift dramatically, as noted by Andrij Zelinskyj, a Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest and military chaplain. He highlights the transformation of life since 2014, with the entire nation becoming a frontline after the 2022 invasion. The resilience of Ukrainians is evident in their ability to adapt and find unity in the face of constant danger. Zelinskyj emphasizes the importance of mental and spiritual support for soldiers, noting the critical role of military chaplains in maintaining morale and humanity. The integration of chaplains into the military structure has evolved, reflecting a broader societal demand for spiritual guidance. This adaptation is crucial for the psychological well-being of soldiers, who must navigate the harsh realities of war while preserving their humanity. The narrative underscores the profound impact of war on personal and national identity, highlighting the need for continuous support and adaptation.

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„Protistátní skupina“ Ila. Alois Hlavatý a další osobnosti v protikomunistickém odboji nejen na Novobydžovsku

Author(s): Martin Tichý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 03/2024

In the wake of World War II, a group of Czech patriots, including Alois Hlavatý and Milan Kroutil, emerged as key figures in the resistance against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. Their efforts, rooted in their experiences from the anti-Nazi resistance, were marked by clandestine activities such as distributing illegal publications, organizing weapon caches, and aiding persecuted families. Despite facing severe repression, including imprisonment and torture, these individuals remained committed to their cause. The group's activities were meticulously documented by the State Security, highlighting their significant impact on the local resistance movement. The legacy of the "protistátní skupina" Ila underscores the enduring struggle for freedom and justice in a nation grappling with totalitarian rule.

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„Nedopustit, aby právo zabilo spravedlnost“

Author(s): Jakub Šafránek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 03/2024

The conference "Czechoslovak Justice as a Pillar of the Regime 1948–1989," held on October 14 at the Senate of the Czech Republic, highlighted the role of the judiciary in supporting the communist regime. Senate President Miloš Vystrčil and other speakers emphasized the importance of studying the communist justice system to prevent similar abuses in the future. Experts from the Czech Republic and Slovakia discussed the theoretical aspects and specific cases illustrating the judiciary's subservience to the regime. Topics included the class-based discrimination in sentencing, the structure of military justice, and the political trials during normalization. The conference underscored the ongoing impact of past judicial practices on the current legal system and the need for continued research and discussion.

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Explanatory Model of Awareness Factors of Smart Technologies for Independent Living at Home in Later Life

Author(s): Natalija Rebrica,Andraž Petrovčič,Urška Lovšin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

Background: Despite the rapid development of Smart Technologies for Independent Living at Home (STILH) among older adults, their market is still underdeveloped. Low awareness is one of the key reasons for the slow uptake of STILH in later life. A significant gap exists in the literature regarding the factors that shape older adults′ awareness of STILH.Objective: The aim is to provide a conceptual overview and empirical test of awareness factors of STILH in later life. An explanatory model is proposed by integrating insights from consumer behaviour, information processing and technology adoption models.Methods: The model is tested with structural equation modelling based on survey data from a sample of 1200 internet users aged 55+ in June 2024.Results: The results support all the proposed hypotheses, indicating that exposure to information about STILH, source expertise, self-source congruity and individuals’ innovativeness directly influence awareness of STILH. Moreover, inherent novelty seeking and self-efficacy influence individuals’ innovativeness, and together with self-source congruity and source expertise positively affect exposure to information about STILH.Conclusion: Based on the study results, interventions can be tailored to help scale up STILH more efficiently, ultimately improving quality of life.

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LA DÉLINQUANCE JUVÉNILE : UN PROBLÈME GRANDISSANT DANS LA RÉPUBLIQUE DE MOLDOVA

Author(s): Mariana Spatari / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2021

L’un des problèmes sociaux majeurs auxquels sont confrontées les sociétés contemporaines est la délinquance juvénile, qui n’est plus considérée comme une question liée uniquement à l’éducation. Celle-ci est étroitement liée au fonctionnement de la société dans son ensemble, y compris la famille, l’école, les mécanismes de socialisation, le contrôle, la sanction, la réhabilitation sociale, la culture, la perception des inégalités sociales, la pauvreté et le manque de ressources, la privation d’opportunités, la marginalisation, etc.

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SUR L’ÉTAT D’URGENCE EN POLOGNE À LA LUMIÈRE DE LA CRISE MIGRATOIRE DANS LA PARTIE ORIENTALE DE L’EUROPE

Author(s): Katarzyna Kubuj / Language(s): French Issue: 25/2021

Au début du mois de septembre 2021 le président de la République de Pologne, Andrzej Duda, a proclamé l’état d'urgence pour une période de trente jours sur une partie du territoire polonais, c’est-à-dire le long de la frontière avec le Belarus, qui fait également partie de la frontière orientale de l’Union européenne. Le règlement a été pris à la demande du Conseil des ministres à la fin du mois d’août 2021 et confirmé par le Sejm le 6 septembre 2021. L’action du Chef de l’État est fondée sur l'article 230, paragraphe 1, de la Constitution de la République de Pologne du 2 avril 1997 et sur l’article 3 de la loi sur l’état d’urgence.

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QUELQUES RÉFLEXIONS SUR LES MESURES ADOPTÉES PAR LA NOUVELLE MAJORITÉ POLITIQUE EN ROUMANIE

Author(s): Ramona Delia Popescu / Language(s): French Issue: 23/2021

L’année 2021 a débuté dans un contexte politique marqué par le changement de majorité politique à la suite des élections parlementaires de décembre 2020 et des élections locales de septembre 202022. L’année précédente a été très difficile du point de vue sanitaire et politique pour la Roumanie. Le conflit politique présent tout au long de l’année 2020 entre l’exécutif (Président et gouvernement placés plutôt à la droite de l’échiquier politique) et la majorité parlementaire (plutôt à la gauche de l’échiquier politique) a chevauché la crise sanitaire générée par la pandémie de Covid-19. Dans ce contexte, la Cour constitutionnelle, sollicitée à plusieurs reprises, a continué de se prononcer sur des conflits de nature constitutionnelle entre les autorités publiques.

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LA PREMIÈRE PRÉSIDENTE DE MOLDAVIE : UN DÉBUT DE MANDAT SEMÉ D’EMBÛCHES

Author(s): Natașa Danelciuc-Colodrovschi / Language(s): French Issue: 22/2020

«Vous avez le pouvoir de punir ceux qui vous ont volés, qui vous ont réduits à la misère et contraints de quitter votre maison». C’est par cette phrase que la candidate à la fonction de président de la République de Moldova, Maia Sandu, chef du Parti « Action et solidarité », a souvent commencé ses meetings au cours de la campagne électorale de 2020. Ces déclarations ne relèvent pas de la simple instrumentalisation électoraliste. En 2014, un milliard de dollars, somme équivalente à 15 % du PIB du pays, a disparu des caisses de trois banques nationales. Dans le rapport rédigé par la compagnie américaine Kroll, choisie par les autorités moldaves pour enquêter sur « le vol du siècle », les experts sont parvenus à la conclusion que la somme totale s’élèverait en réalité à trois milliards de dollars. Le schéma criminel a été mis en place avec la complicité d’hommes politiques influents, dont l’oligarque Vlad Plakhotniouk qui a dominé la scène politique moldave pendant de nombreuses années, en soutenant les coalitions « proeuropéennes », et l’ancien Premier ministre Vlad Filat.

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