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Mathematical Analysis of PSF (Proportion Spent on Food) in Specific Communities

Mathematical Analysis of PSF (Proportion Spent on Food) in Specific Communities

Author(s): M. Rama Mohana Rao,Chandrasekhar Putcha / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper is mainly based on establishing a relation between PSF (Proportion Spent on Food) and factors affecting poverty in India. The work is mainly based on the doctoral thesis of the first author (Rao 1995). Seminal work was done and reported in various conferences/Journals in India (Rao 1998). The collaboration between the Indian and American faculty lead to this research paper. The data used in the analysis is that of fisherman community in the eastern part of India. PSF has been shown to be a critical parameter. It was reported (Rao 1998) that based on the grouped per capita monthly expenditure spent on food (PSF), the pattern of change in PSF lies in the range of 79.1 and 83.8. The present research study is based on a detailed mathematical analysis of the poverty data as related to fisherman. It establishes a linear and non-linear equation (2nd order polynomial) between % of PSF and % of households and per capita monthly expenditure based on principles of regression analysis (Chapra and Canale 2010). Using these equations one can easily determine the optimal value of PSF which is indirectly connected to poverty level. The validity of the fitted equation is studied with respect to correlation coefficient (r) and standard error of estimate (sy/x). These results will be very useful to a wide cross section of the community.

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Gender Issues in Russian Democratization: The Myth or the Reality?

Gender Issues in Russian Democratization: The Myth or the Reality?

Author(s): Marina Pilkina / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim is to determine whether the descriptive political representation of women is acceptable and achievable for the Russian political reality. Understanding the quality of democracy assumes going beyond mere political participation. It requires the actual representation of traditionally marginalized groups - women. Gender mainstreaming and the involvement of both sexes in political sphere is a sine qua non for any democratic structure. In fact, it may seem that women are included in the democracy, but in practice they are often excluded. Such situation is observed in Russia. The formal female representation in Russian politics exists only to eliminate direct discrimination against women. This nature of women's participation is confirmed by the fact that “women are involved in Russian politics to meet the needs of the regime.” The low level of female representation is also linked to the lack of prominent political parties supporting women's rights. Formal female representation does not imply equal gender representation. Balanced representation may require a descriptive political representation – a visible match between the electorate and representatives. If women are half of the population, they should also compose approximately half of the legislative and executive bodies. Given the nature of the gender situation in the Russian political arena, it is not yet possible to represent marginalized groups in a descriptive manner, even though women are about 54% of the Russian population. The inclusion of women's issues in the agenda and mainstreaming of gender inequality is likely to make the descriptive female representation in Russia achievable.

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Potiskivanje i poricanje antisemitizma - Sećanje na vladiku Nikolaja Velimirovića u savremenoj srpskoj pravoslavnoj kulturi
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Potiskivanje i poricanje antisemitizma - Sećanje na vladiku Nikolaja Velimirovića u savremenoj srpskoj pravoslavnoj kulturi

Author(s): Jovan Byford / Language(s): Serbian

Poslednjih godina je me đu istoričarima, sociolozima, politikolozima i psiholozima poraslo interesovanje za temu 'kolektivnog sećanja' (Misztal, 2003; Kansteiner, 2002; Olick, 1999; Wertsch, 2002; IrwinZarecka, 1994; Maier, 1997; Middleton i Edwards, 1992). Uprkos tome što su tačno značenje i obuhvatnost termina kao što su ’kolektivno sećanje’, ’društveno sećanje’, ’društveno pamćenje’, ’nacionalno’ i ’javno’ pamćenje itd. i dalje predmet rasprave (Wood, 1999), čini se da se stručnjaci slažu bar u jednom: kolektivne, često sporne, predstave o prošlosti koje povlače granice izme đu društvenih grupa, i predstavljaju sastavni deo društvenog identiteta, zaslužuju detaljno naučno proučavanje. Mnoštvo radikalnih promena u prikazivanju prošlosti koje su pratile, a ne retko i same bile deo postkomunističke tranzicije u Istočnoj Evropi, doprinele su da se u poslednjih dvadesetak godina obnovi interesovanje za kolektivno sećanje (Todorova, 2004; Muller, 2002; Wertch, 2002, Jedlicki, 1999). Pad komunizma u regionu propraćen je opsežnim preispitivanjem istorije u nameri da se opovrgnu komunistička tumačenja prošlosti koja su dominirala nacionalnim istoriografijama i kolektivnim pamćenjem od kraja II svetskog rata.

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Women, Law, Court and Justice in India (1970 to 2016)

Women, Law, Court and Justice in India (1970 to 2016)

Author(s): Harneet Kaur / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the personal sphere, the Indian women are facing various issues related to marriage, divorce, inheritance, guardianship, adoption and succession as they are the subjects of personal law, which varies from religion to religion and is attached to an individual at birth and applied to the person wherever she goes. After independence in the 1970s the government first time felt the need to review the ongoing women specific laws and their impact on the status of the women in India. This paper attempts to review the efforts made by the government in this direction. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section covers the legal obstructions for women justice. Second section dealt with the significant recommendations made by the two ‘High Level committee on the Status of Women in India’ (1974 and 2015) to improve the status of women in India. In the last section analysis were made on the basis of the statistical data of the women’s trials and to review the status of the justice delivered to women’s in the Indian Courts. The gap between the passing of laws and its implementation by the State needs to be examined, as mere passing of laws cannot transform the lives of women in society. The optimal use of laws can only be judged by the reportage of crimes under various acts and the punishments given to convicts under them.

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Horizontal Inequality in Urban India: A Human Development Perspective

Horizontal Inequality in Urban India: A Human Development Perspective

Author(s): Paramjeet Chawla / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the current global scenario, India stands at the 130th position in the human development ranking for 2018, wherein the major challenge highlighted is that 26% of this human development remains lost due to inequality (UNDP 2018). Even though the notion of ‘vertical’ inequality remains a pertinent issue across the globe, the issue of inequality across social groups in India, arising from a historical discrimination and segregation, continues to remain a deep-seated worry for India’s overall development. The level of well-being of the individuals remains directly linked to the groups’ standard of living. The statements mentioned are also supported by evidence on social group inequalities, wherein the India Exclusion Report 2014-15 states that 59% of the Dalits are employed as labourers in Rural India, 46.5% of the Adivasis are falling in the same category, as against the overall rural population in which only 40% of the individuals are labourers. It is also important to note that, urban inequality remains the major driver for rising inequality in India, thereby requiring an in-depth understanding of inequality (India Inequality Report 2018). This paper focuses on understanding horizontal inequalities across the major social groups in India, Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and the unreserved/ general category in the urban spaces for India. The evidence for horizontal inequalities is scattered, and there remains a lack of quantification and consolidation of evidence for inequalities across social groups. This paper aims to measure horizontal inequalities with a human development perspective, for urban spaces in India utilizing the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) (Round 2), and therefore create actionable evidence for matters of gaps and linkages that remain in the capability’s achievement for all the social groups in India.

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I Know What Iʼm Doing: Experiences of Women who Use Methamphetamine
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I Know What Iʼm Doing: Experiences of Women who Use Methamphetamine

Author(s): Magda Frišaufová / Language(s): English

Women drug users have been in the focus of social science research for several decades. Quite a lot has been written about their specific situation, especially concerning their unequal gender position, higher stigmatization, or harder access to treatment or social services. On the other hand, not much attention has been given to their strategies of resistance, or dealing with problems they encounter in their everyday lives. In this book, the author provides a different view on their living situations. Through the narrative analysis of qualitative interviews and focus groups with seven women who have experience with long-term methamphetamine use, the author explores not only the challenges that they face, but also the strengths and agency they use to influence and take control of their lives, and negotiate their needs and interests with the world around them.

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Climate Change and Human Choice: Measuring the Nudging

Climate Change and Human Choice: Measuring the Nudging

Author(s): Byambasuren Lkhagvadorj,Javzandolgor Purevsuren,Amgalan Bazargarid / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this study was to define how climate change is changing in response to positive and negative human behavior. Climate change, in general, refers to changes that take place over a period of tens of thousands of years, involving a particular region or part of the world without human intervention. Climate change takes many forms, depending on the region and the industry in which it operates. The effects of global warming, drinking water shortages, endangered species, and extinction have begun to affect the world's attention and daily lives. And the Nudge effect has become widespread as people's tendency to change their choices has spread. In the last decade, however, climate change has accelerated due to human activities. Since 2008, the effects of the Nudge have had a profound effect on the lives of powerful people. The word nudge means to push lightly or gently stab into the ribs, especially with an elbow. The biggest example is people making smart and healthy choices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Choosing the right food can reduce food waste. Greenhouse gas emissions vary from the food we eat and the way we process it. We estimated multiple regression model for CO2 emissions, GDP growth, energy consumption and factors of human behavior about climate changing data from 1959 to 2018. We found that compared to previous years, greenhouse gas emissions were 4.2 billion square meters less than in previous years. This is a very important result of our research, and shows that the global response to climate change since 1992 has been effective. The use of electric magnes, becoming a vegetarian, riding a bicycle, and becoming a minimalist are the result of Nudge effect. By choosing to be a vegetarian, the level of CO2 emissions from food is greatly reduced. The fact that greenhouse gas emissions from food waste are equivalent to greenhouse gas emissions from electric vehicles, so the Nudge effect suggests that the results are positive.

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Kvadratura antidiskriminacijskog trougla u BiH: zakonski okvir, politike i prakse 2012–2016.
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Kvadratura antidiskriminacijskog trougla u BiH: zakonski okvir, politike i prakse 2012–2016.

Author(s): Mario Reljanović,Edin Hodžić,Midhat Izmirlija,Aida Malkić,Dženana Radončić / Language(s): Bosnian

Pravni mehanizam antidiskriminacijskog djelovanja u Bosni i Hercegovini postavljen je donošenjem osnovnog antidiskriminacijskog akta – Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije (u daljem tekstu: ZZD) 2009. godine. Sedam godina kasnije, čini se da postoje mnogi aspekti Zakona, a naročito njegove primjene, koji zavrjeđuju konstruktivnu kritiku, kako bi se sistem unaprijedio i osigurala kvalitetnija zaštita žrtava diskriminacije. “Kvadratura antidiskriminacijskog trougla u BiH: zakonski okvir, politike i prakse 2012–2016.” usmjeren je ka analizi tri ključna aspekta ostvarivanja prava na zaštitu od diskriminacije u BiH. Prvi dio ovog Izvještaja posvećen je sudskoj zaštiti od diskriminacije i bavi se istraživanjem najznačajnijih pitanja u odnosu na pokretanje, vođenje i okončanje sudskih postupaka povodom diskriminacije, prije svega parničnog postupka. Parnica povodom diskriminacije lica zamišljena je uz značajne posebnosti u odnosu na opću parnicu. Praksa primjene ZZD-a, međutim, dovodi do zaključka da je njihova osnovna svrha poboljšati procesni položaj tužioca – žrtve diskriminacije, često faktički nedostižna. Analitički pristup parnici otkriva veći broj nedostataka u normiranju i implementaciji propisa koji dovode do nepotpune zaštite žrtve, ili čak do situacija u kojima zaštita u potpunosti izostaje. Upravo ukazivanje na ove slabe tačke od naročitog je značaja za dalju evoluciju antidskriminacijskih normi i prakse u Bosni i Hercegovini. Institucija ombudsmena Bosne i Hercegovine je ZZD-om predviđena kao centralni organ za zaštitu od diskriminacije. Otuda je analiza rada ove institucije našla svoje mjesto u drugom dijelu Izvještaja, prije svega kroz traženje odgovora na pitanja kako ombudsmen vrši svoja ovlašćenja, na koje probleme nailazi i kako se njegov rad može unaprijediti tako da se u potpunosti realizira zakonski potencijal koji Institucija posjeduje u odnosu na zaštitu građana od diskriminacije. Značajno mjesto u analizi posvećeno je i pitanjima kulture odnosa s Institucijom ombudsmena i poštivanja preporuka koje donosi, kao i radu na prevenciji diskriminacije, značaju izvještavanja o problematici diskriminacije, te saradnji sa civilnim društvom. Konačno, da bi se diskriminacija kao specifična društvena pojava adekvatno proučavala, kao i da bi se razvili efikasniji mehanizmi za njeno praćenje i razvoj politika u vezi s njenim suzbijanjem, potrebno je voditi zvanične evidencije o slučajevima diskriminacije. Praćenje i dokumentiranje slučajeva diskriminacije jedno je od ključnih pitanja kada je riječ o usmjeravanju napora da se diskriminacija u BiH smanji. Identifikacija pojedinih pojavnih oblika diskriminacije, kao i indikatora percepcije diskriminacije, značajni su sa stanovišta osnovnog oblikovanja politika reagiranja na diskriminaciju, kao i stereotipe i predrasude koje vode nejednakom postupanju i neopravdanom razlikovanju građana. Uočiti ranjive grupe u društvu najčešće nije teško. Reagirati adekvatno na okolnosti koje dovode do obrazovanja ranjivih i marginaliziranih grupa, značajno je teže. Dublja statistička analiza ukazuje ne samo na kvantitet određenih parametara – broj parnica, broj zabilježenih slučajeva, broj osuđujućih presuda – već i na kvalitet implementacije antidiskriminacijskog zakonodavstva i mogućnosti usmjeravanja daljeg normativnog razvoja, kao i na potrebu za preciznijim i revnosnijim nadzorom nad primjenom postojećih normi. Takva analiza može ukazati na slabe karike u sistemu sprovođenja, potrebe i mogućnosti edukacije i nužnost njegovih izmjena. Stoga je i pitanje statistike našlo svoje mjesto u ovom izvještaju, prije svega kao izraz težnje da se ukaže na poteškoće koje postoje u tom domenu, (ne)aktivnost pojedinih aktera i mogućnosti prihvatanja primjera dobre prakse i pozitivnih uporednih iskustava u BiH. Izvještaj zaključuju preporuke različitim akterima u BiH kako bi se unaprijedio pravni okvir za zaštitu od diskriminacije, te osigurala njegova dosljedna provedba. Metodologija istraživanja i širina pristupa temama koje predstavljaju centralne stubove, pa i centralne parametre ocjene uspješnosti primjene Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije, govore o obuhvatnosti realizacije ovog izvještaja. I ovaj tekst predstavlja izraz kontinuiranih aktivnosti Analitike – Centra za društvena istraživanja i njegovih saradnika, koji se kroz različite aktivnosti usmjeravaju na probleme koji nastaju u svakodnevnoj praksi primjene antidiskriminacijskog zakonodavstva. Uporednopravni metod, uz osvrt na praksu u regionu, kao i najvažnije međunarodne standarde i standarde Evropske unije, daju dodatnu dimenziju i kvalitet istraživanju i širu perspektivu čitaocu. Značajna pažnja posvećena je praksi primjene propisa, odnosno načinu implementiranja ili izostanka implementacije antidiskriminacijskih rješenja na terenu. Osim klasičnih izvora – pravnih propisa, sudskih presuda, dokumenata Institucije ombudsmena za ljudska prava BiH, u istraživanju je značajna pažnja posvećena dobijanju informacija od osoba koje imaju svakodnevna iskustva s primjenom propisa u oblasti zaštite ljudskih prava i zaštite od diskriminacije. Sagovornici istraživača Analitike bili su predstavnici OSCE-a, Ministarstva za ljudska prava i izbjeglice BiH, Institucije ombudsmena, Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća BiH, te organizacije civilnog društva koje se bave zaštitom ljudskih prava. Takav sveobuhvatan pristup istraživanju ima za rezultat tekst koji je sasvim okrenut praktičnim ciljevima, ocjeni sadašnjeg stanja primjene antidiskriminacijskog pravnog okvira i mogućnostima za njegovo unapređenje, kao i prilikama za stvaranje dobrih praksi u tumačenju i primjeni ovih propisa. Ova aktivnost istraživačkog tima Analitike ima prije svega za cilj da se, naročito u svjetlu nedavno usvojenih izmjena i dopuna ZZD-a, iskoriste dosadašnja iskustva, kako pozitivna, tako i negativna, a kako bi se takvo noveliranje iskoristilo na optimalan način, u smislu da se postojeći sistem usavrši a aktuelni mehanizmi nadograde. Samo se tako može govoriti o ispunjavanju međunarodnih i evropskih standarda u oblasti antidiskriminacijskog djelovanja. I samo će se takvim kontinuiranim radom na unapređenju ukupnog sistema zaštite materijalizirati značajni napori koji su do sada uloženi u ovoj oblasti i napraviti kvalitativan iskorak u zaštiti osnovnih prava građana Bosne i Hercegovine.

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Gender bias and the law: legal frameworks and practice from Bosnia & Herzegovina and beyond
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Gender bias and the law: legal frameworks and practice from Bosnia & Herzegovina and beyond

Author(s): Majda Halilović,Callum Watson,Heather Huhtanen,Mylène Socquet-Juglard / Language(s): English

Although often unnoticed or ignored, gender bias is prevalent in all legal systems across the world, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is no exception. The consequences of gender-based bias and discrimination affect everyone, from legal professionals to women and men who seek to assert their rights through the justice system. Gender bias can affect the atmosphere in courtrooms, the presentation of cases, the decisions of judges, and even whether cases come to court. By reducing and eventually eliminating these prejudices, the justice system has the potential to become more effective, democratic, and fair. The Atlantic Initiative (AI) and the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) have been working with judges and prosecutors from across BiH to address the topic of gender bias since 2011, within the context of the Gender and Justice Reform Project. During project activities, judges and prosecutors have highlighted the importance of ensuring that the skills they have learned in identifying and overcoming manifestations of gender bias are also passed on to the next generation of legal professionals. In response to this need, and with a view to engaging law scholars on the topic, in order to further our understanding of how gender bias presents itself in specific local contexts, DCAF and AI sought to facilitate the development of a handbook on gender bias specifically directed at law students in BiH. Between February and September 2016, 11 university law professors from across BiH met regularly in a series of workshops to develop the different thematic units, meant to address the impact of gender bias in legal practice. Each of these workshops focused on identifying gender bias in a specific field of law by reviewing existing legal frameworks as well as relevant domestic, regional, and international research. Written content, exercises, and discussion topics were then drafted with the aim of helping law students appreciate how gender bias is present in both the law and the application of law, and how these prejudices can adversely affect the administration of justice. The work of these consultant professors, with the facilitation and organization of AI and DCAF, has resulted in this Handbook. While the thematic units they developed could theoretically be delivered as a standalone course, they have been primarily designed to complement existing courses on different aspects of criminal, civil, and family law in order to mainstream gender across the curriculum. However, it is important to stress that the first two thematic units provide a basic introduction to the concepts of gender and gender bias and are therefore recommended as a pre-requisite for all other units in the series. The remaining units may stand on their own, providing enough content for one or two 45-minute sessions. Alternatively, some professors may prefer to integrate individual exercises or components into their existing units. Students pursuing master’s and doctoral degrees may find that these units provide an overview of how gender bias affects their specific field of law, and may direct them toward further reading if they wish to explore a given topic in more detail. The units are based around applicable domestic, regional, and international legal frameworks and draw upon legal theory, practical examples, and research in the sociology of law from both BiH and abroad. Each unit is reinforced by relevant literature, included in an annex (much of which had not previously been translated), which students can reference to enrich and expand the scope of their knowledge. Furthermore, each unit is designed to support modern, interactive teaching practices and contain video links, discussion topics, practical exercises, and case studies. The purpose of the Handbook is to provide law students with a greater awareness of the existence of gender bias in court proceedings and to expand their understanding of how gender bias is manifested in the application of law within the social context of BiH. Students can use the Handbook in its entirety, or in parts, in a variety of ways: to prepare for lectures, to study for exams, or to expand their knowledge of law. Ultimately, the goal is that future legal professionals will be better equipped to identify and overcome explicit and implicit bias in their work. In addition, as interest in this topic grows within the academic sphere, it is important that scholars are able to support legal practitioners by also furthering their understanding of how gender bias manifests in the specific context of BiH.

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Gender and the judiciary - Selected findings and recommendations on the implications of gender within the judiciary of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Gender and the judiciary - Selected findings and recommendations on the implications of gender within the judiciary of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Majda Halilović,Heather Huhtanen / Language(s): English

How does gender influence the work of the judiciary? It is sometimes assumed that the law is objective, neutral, and impartial and therefore gender has little or no influence on its implementation. And yet, consideration of the legal practitioner responsible for implementing the law inevitably invites a question that has confronted practitioners and scholars throughout the history of jurisprudence: How can the implementation and practice of law by legal practitioners who are influenced by social norms be delivered impartially?

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Views on combating discrimination
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Views on combating discrimination

Author(s): Momčilo Živadinović,Jovana Spremo,Dušan Pokuševski,Petar Đukanović / Language(s): English

Policy paper - Monitoring of Discrimination Trials refers to the improvement of monitoring of discrimination trials and establishing of Judicial Monitoring Network on the territory of Serbia, Kosovo and Montenegro. The Network was created as a response to low transparency of discrimination trials and insufficient public interest for them. Despite the fact that there is an adequate legal framework in regard to the prohibition of discrimination and the right to a fair trial (especially the element that they should be open to the public), implementation of these laws is often insufficient and incomplete. Monitoring of the trials in necessary in order to organize this legal framework and enable its complete implementation, and particularly the implementation of the Anti-Discrimination Law, which would be enabled by attendance of the trials and reporting from them, mutual communication of non-governmental organizations within above mentioned network, as well as public relations. This report also includes the guidelines and recommended steps for implementation of monitoring and networking of the NGOs, with special recommendations for the media and judiciary.

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Obrazovni priručnik - Ideje, sredstva, metode i aktivnosti za neformalno interkulturalno obrazovanje sa mladima i odraslima
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Obrazovni priručnik - Ideje, sredstva, metode i aktivnosti za neformalno interkulturalno obrazovanje sa mladima i odraslima

Author(s): Pat Brander,Carmen Cardenas,Juan de Vicente Abad,Rui Gomes,Mark Taylor / Language(s): Montenegrine

Kada je ovaj Obrazovni priručnik napravljen još 1994. – 1995.g , pristup internetu bio je praktično ograničen na akademsku populaciju, veliki biznis i vlade – niko od nas nije imao e-mail, a kontaktirali smo jedni druge koristeći poštu, faks i telefon. Danas, pristup internetu još nije omogućen svima i moramo da činimo više da se borimo protiv ove nove vrste isključivanja. Ipak, stvari se popravljaju i mogućnosti da se internet koristi za razmjenu ideja i omogućavanje veće dostupnosti publikacija – u poređenju sa 1995. g. – su nevjerovatne. Doprinoseći narastajućoj zajednici prakse obrazovanja u oblasti ljudskih prava širom svijeta, svakako će pomoći u stvaranju veza i solidarnosti. Ubrzo nakon objavljivanja 1995.g., Obrazovni priručnik „svi različiti – svi jednaki” postao je referenca za one koji se bave interkulturalnim obrazovanjem i obukom u Evropi i šire. Prevedena na mnoge jezike, ona ostaje jedna od najuspješnijih i najviše korišćenih publikacija Savjeta Evrope. Sa uspješnim pokretanjem elektronske verzije Kompasa - priručnika za obrazovanje mladih u oblasti ljudskih prava, čini se razumljivim da se osavremeni publikacija koja sačinjava osnovu obrazovnih napora u kampanji “svi različiti - svi jednaki“ i da se oni učine šire dostupnim u kontekstu Obrazovnog programa u oblasti ljudskih prava za mlade. Deseta godišnjica kampanje “svi različiti - svi jednaki“ je takođe dobra prilika da se ovim materijalima udahne novi život.

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Obrazovanjem protiv diskriminacije - priručnik za rad na prevenciji i prevazilaženju diskriminaciji za profesionalce koji rade u oblasti obrazovanja i vaspitanja
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Obrazovanjem protiv diskriminacije - priručnik za rad na prevenciji i prevazilaženju diskriminaciji za profesionalce koji rade u oblasti obrazovanja i vaspitanja

Author(s): Petar Đukanović,Tamara Milaš / Language(s): Montenegrine

Priručnik za rad na prevenciji i prevazilaženju diskriminaciji za profesionalce koji rade u oblasti obrazovanja i vaspitanja nastao je u okviru projekta 360° Pun krug za ljudska prava!, koji uz podršku Evropske unije realizuje Centar za građansko obrazovanje (CGO) u partnerstvu sa NVO Alternativna teatarska kompanija (ATAK) iz Podgorice, Kućom ljudskih prava iz Zagreba i Međunarodnim festivalom dokumentarnog filma (BELDOCS) iz Beograda, a u saradnji sa Ministarstvom prosvjete i institucijom Zaštitnika ljudskih prava i sloboda Crne Gore. Jedan od specifičnih ciljeva projekta je promocija koncepta obrazovanja bez diskriminacije u formalnom obrazovno-vaspitnom sistemu i razvoj antidiskriminacione i kulture ljudskih prava među mladima. Zato je ovaj priručnik namijenjen profesionalcima koji rade sa mladima u obrazovanju (nastavnici, stručne službe, rukovodioci škola, savjeti roditelja, stručna tijela i aktivi) sa ciljem da im pomogne u prepoznavanju, prevenciji i procesuiranju slučajeva diskriminacije, drugih kršenja ljudskih prava i nasilja unutar školskih ustanova i pred institucijama van obrazovnog sistema. U priručniku su detaljno pojašnjeni pojmovi diskriminacije i njenih različitih manifestacija, uloge i odgovornosti učesnika vaspitno-obrazovnog procesa, a dat je i pregled zakonodavnog i institucionalnog okvira koji građane štiti od diskriminacije i kršenja ljudskih prava, uz postupak procesuiranja slučajeva, kao i pregled najvažnijih međunarodnih dokumenata i standarda u ovoj oblasti. Krajnji cilj priručnika je da kao pomoćno sredstvo u radu sa mladima, pa i u nastavi, doprinese razvoju, podstiče i njeguje antidiskriminacionu kulturu kroz obrazovanje.

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Ubrzajmo rodnu ravnopravnost - praktikum za nastavnice i nastavnike osnovnih i srednjih škola
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Ubrzajmo rodnu ravnopravnost - praktikum za nastavnice i nastavnike osnovnih i srednjih škola

Author(s): / Language(s): Montenegrine

Rodna ravnopravnost je civilizacijska tekovina čije je poštovanje zakonski uređeno. Nastavnice i nastavnici u Crnoj Gori u predškolskim ustanovama, osnovnim i srednjim školama dužni su da prenesu vrijednosti zasnovane na poštovanju jednakosti i rodne ravnopravnosti. Član 2 Zakona o rodnoj ravnopravnosti propisuje da rodna ravnopravnost podrazumijeva ravnopravno učešće žena i muškaraca u svim oblastima javnog i privatnog sektora, jednak položaj i jednake mogućnosti za ostvarivanje svih prava i sloboda i korišćenje ličnih znanja i sposobnosti za razvoj društva, kao i ostvarivanje jednake koristi od rezultata rada. Doprinos rodnoj ravnopravnosti uključuje suzbijanje svakog vida diskriminacije i nejednakog tretmana kojim se pravi razlika između muškaraca i žena i osoba drugačijih polnih i rodnih identiteta. Neposredna diskriminacija na osnovu pola podrazumijeva da je neka osoba nepovoljno tretirana u odnosu na drugu osobu na osnovu polne pripadnosti. Rodna ravnopravnost predstavlja preduslov za ostvarivanje demokratije i poštovanje ljudskih prava. Jedan od najznačajnijih puteva kojim se mogu kretati nastavnice i nastavnici u želji da suzbiju diskriminaciju jeste otkrivanje stereotipa i principa po kojima stereotipi funkcionišu. Ovaj proces počiva na sumnji u vrijednost tradicionalnih rodnih odnosa. Rađanje te sumnje traži i postavljanje nekoliko važnih pitanja: Čime mogu da doprinesem jednakom tretiranju žena, muškaraca i osoba drugačijih polnih i rodnih identiteta u društvu? Da li je država dužna da obezbijedi ženama, muškarcima i osobama drugačijih polnih i rodnih identiteta jednakost u svim sferama života? Kako škola može biti mjesto gdje se razvijaju različite mogućnosti suzbijanja diskriminacije? Zbog čega je meni, kao i mojim koleginicama i kolegama, neophodna obuka koja se tiče rodne ravnopravnosti u obrazovanju? Kako mogu slobodnom dijelu nastavnog programa pridružiti sadržaje koji će za ishod imati unapređivanja jednakosti između muškaraca, žena i osoba različitih polnih i rodnih identiteta? Ovaj praktikum je nastao u okviru projekta UBRZAJMO rodnu ravnopravnost – od stereotipizacije do ravnopravnosti Centra za građansko obrazovanje (CGO), uz podršku Ministarstva pravde, ljudskih i manjinskih prava, i predstavlja odgovor pun entuzijazma nas koji vjerujemo da upravo nastavnice i nastavnici imaju moć, mogu mijenjati budućnost utičući na osviješćenost učenica i učenika o neophodnosti razvijanja i njegovanja rodne ravnopravnosti. Praktikum nudi niz jednostavnih i lako primjenljivih rješenja/radionica kojima će zainteresovati učenice i učenike i nadahnuti nastavnice i nastavnike. Predviđeno je da se svaka radionica traje 30 minuta. Metodološki koncept obuhvata odgovarajuće ishode, materijal za rad, aktivnosti na času sa odgovarajućim prilozima. Međutim, imajući u vidu kreativnost naših koleginica i kolega, vjerujemo da će ovaj naš rad poslužiti kao inspiracija za dopunjavanje i razvijanje primjenljivih i zanimljivih sadržaja. Vjerujemo i da je od ključnog značaja za ubrzavanje rodne ravnopravnosti da svi zajedno preuzmemo dio odgovornosti i sopstvenom snagom doprinesemo poštovanju ljudskih prava.

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Živi vrijednosti: globalni etos u lokalnom kontekstu BiH
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Živi vrijednosti: globalni etos u lokalnom kontekstu BiH

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

The collection of essays Živi vrijednosti: globalni etos u lokalnom kontekstu BiH (Living Values: Global Ethic in Local Context of BiH), published by TPO Foundation and edited by Zilka Spahić Šiljak and Melika Šahinović, is the result of cooperation between TPO Foundation and elementary and secondary school teachers, as well as university professors, that aims to promote universal human values in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The project was conducted in cooperation with ministries of education of five different cantons of Federation of BiH, but also with individual schools in other areas across BiH. Global ethic has succeeded in creating a network of over 100 elementary and secondary schools as well as over 700 teachers, who are all working hard on integrating global ethics contents in their teachings. The overall aim of the project is to transform the consciousness of the individual within the educational system, because it is not possible to build ethos of common values and yield systemic societal changes without such a transformation. The collection opens with four essays that are based on the four fundamental Global ethic values: Ethics, Tolerance, Openness and Solidarity (ETOS). These essays elaborate on the concepts of ethical behavior and morality within the context of a globalized world, as well as the necessity of effecting change starting with ourselves, and explore the concept of tolerance in terms of acceptance and friendship, while simultaneously underlining the importance of active respect for differences among individuals. They emphasize the importance of discussing the concept of openness in an ethnically divided society and building a more open society, capable of integrating all the abundance of differences within it. Solidarity is elaborated on as both a need and an art of living in a world where corporate structures tear down the few existing foundations of solidarity with those who are less privileged. The remaining twelve essays carry universal messages of kindness, courage, love, support, understanding and acceptance. Their intention is to inspire children, teachers, parents, as well as other members of society to become aware of the importance of careful listening, confronting one’s own prejudices and flaws, and supporting one another in doing good. The authors particularly emphasize the importance of doing and acting in accordance with ethical and moral maxims, whether religious or humanistic. Author Neven Misaljević puts a creative spin on the project, using his exceptional artistic imagination to contribute illustrations that depict each of the values explored in the essays. Teacher Rasema Herceg closes the collection with a poem that is inspired by the Global Ethic initiative and reminds us of the importance of the bond between one’s inner being and the world that surrounds us.

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I vjernice i građanke
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I vjernice i građanke

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

The book "Both Believers and Citizens" analyses the notion of women dignity, women position in society and marriage, public life, and their peace building role, within three religious traditions; Roman-Catholic, Orthodox and Islam, with the aim of construction and reconstruction of sex stereotypes. Philosophical-theological and cultural assumptions are given center of attention for their crucial role in each of the religious tradition on defining gender identities and gender roles, and original religious texts are therefore consulted. In that way contribution of religious traditions and individual engagament to implementation of The Article Five of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and UN Resolution 1325 on women and peace and security, i.e. to modification of cultural models, social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women, and practices, prejudices and customs which are based on the idea of the inferiority or the superiority of either of the sexes, are also analyzed. Dignity and the human rights based on it, demand not only philosophical-tehological contemplations, but legal framework and respective institutions to protect and implement them, threfore this book addresses several religious communites' activities, without entering arena of legal discussion on harmonisation or differences between CEDAW articles, UN Resolution 1325 on women and peace and security, and legislations and teachings of churches and religious communities. The book is divided into four chapters. Chapter one elaborates and criticially examines the existing national and international legal instruments for the protection of human rights of women. After the historical overview of development of notion of human rights in general and human rights of women in particular, the gap between normative and factual is identified, followed by examples of discrimination and subordination of women both in public and private life. This gap is both enabled and supported by gender sterotypes that cultural and religious tradition try to justify. In the next three chapters, origin and religious (non) justification of gender stereotypes, from the three religious communities: catholic, orthodox and Islamic, point of views are deconstructed. The same structure and methodological approach is used in each of the three chapters. Topics covered are: dignity of woman, gender relations theories, gender relations in marriage and family, gender relations in public life, and impact of gender theories on peace building and engagement of women in peace building activities are also analyzed in the light of sacred texts and various theological traditions. Such approach opens the door to understanding in what way and under which circumstances gender identities were constructed within each of the religious communities, and what are the options available for the identity "deconstruction". Interrelations between religious traditions and intertwining of philosophical, theological, and cultural impacts on gender stereotypes formation are elaborated. What makes this reading unique when compared with similar studies analyzing relation between religious communities and human rights of women is more than one thing. First of all, it doesn't solely analyze teachings or legal regulations of particular religious communities but institutions and various initiatives lounged by religious communities in order to promote human rights of women. Secondly, from the religious point of view numerous issues of relevance for human rights of women are also considered: recognition of dignity and its implementation in both public and private sphere. Thirdly, attitudes of not one, but all three dominant religious communities in this geographic region - Bosnia and Herzegovina, are examined. Although relations of Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Islam towards human rights of women are treated separately, respecting the specificity of each religious tradition, including language, corresponding structure of work and methodology enable detection of common attitudes and influences. The fundamental aim of this work was to illustrate possibilities for establishing dialogue between civil and religious sector, and for reconciliation of religious and secular concept of human rights in regard to acknowledgment and implementation of human rights of women, as a prerequisite for establishment of more just gender relations in all aspects of life.

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Bez střechy nad hlavou. Empirická studie bezdomovectví v Olomouci
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Bez střechy nad hlavou. Empirická studie bezdomovectví v Olomouci

Author(s): Tomáš Lebeda,Helena Kubátová,Pavel Šaradín / Language(s): Czech

The book examines the phenomenon of homelessness in Olomouc from several perspectives. The first is the view of the majority Olomouc society on homelessness and its homeless community. It is based on the analysis of data from previously conducted sociological surveys. The second is the view of the academic community of Palacký University on homelessness in Olomouc, which is based on a representative survey within the university. The third and main one is the view from within the homeless community itself. Based on qualitative interviews, the book presents the inner workings of the Olomouc homeless community, seeking to understand its internal social relations and attitudes towards the majority. The aim of the book is to present and understand how the majority thinks about the homeless, how the homeless community actually functions and how it perceives its surroundings. Without such a deeper understanding, a solution to the homeless problem in the city of Olomouc is hardly possible.

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Izvještaj istraživanja o online nasilju i govoru mržnje online prema LGBTI osobama u Bosni i Hercegovini
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Izvještaj istraživanja o online nasilju i govoru mržnje online prema LGBTI osobama u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Sanja Ramić / Language(s): Bosnian

U današnjem digitalnom dobu, sloboda izražavanja na internetu predstavlja ključni element demokratskog društva, omogućavajući široku participaciju i razmjenu ideja. Međutim, ova sloboda često se zloupotrebljava za širenje govora mržnje i online nasilja, posebno prema ranjivim društvenim grupama kao što su LGBTIQ+ osobe. Bosna i Hercegovina suočava se sa izazovima nedovoljne zaštite LGBTIQ+ zajednice od online nasilja i govora mržnje, što se dodatno komplicira fragmentiranim, neprilagođenim i nejasnim zakonodavnim okvirom, uključujući neadekvatnu provedbu navedenog, kao i nedostatkom efikasnih institucionalnih odgovora.

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Research Report on Online Violence and Hate Speech Towards LGBTI Persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Research Report on Online Violence and Hate Speech Towards LGBTI Persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Sanja Ramić / Language(s): English

In today’s digital age, freedom of expression on the Internet is a key element of a democratic society, allowing for broad participation and exchange of ideas. However, this freedom is often abused to spread hate speech and online violence, especially towards vulnerable social groups such as LGBTIQ+ persons. Bosnia and Herzegovina faces the challenges of insufficient protection of the LGBTIQ+ community from online violence and hate speech, which is further complicated by a fragmented, maladaptive and unclear legislative framework, including inadequate implementation of the above, as well as a lack of effective institutional responses.

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Analiza provođenja postojećih odredbi o govoru mržnje u Republici Srpskoj
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Analiza provođenja postojećih odredbi o govoru mržnje u Republici Srpskoj

Author(s): Filip Novaković / Language(s): Bosnian

Govor mržnje, kao manifestacija netolerancije i preteča nasilja, predstavlja značajan izazov kako društvenoj koheziji tako i načelima demokratskog upravljanja i demokratskog, tolerantnog i savremenog društva uopšte. Regulacija govora mržnje postavlja složena pravna (i etička) pitanja, balansirajući između zaštite javnog reda i dostojanstva pojedinca i temeljnog prava na slobodu izražavanja. U Republici Srpskoj zakonski okvir koji (u određenoj mjeri) regulira „govor mržnje“ uveden je sa novim Krivičnim zakonikom Republike Srpske 2017. godine (u daljem tekstu: KZ RS).1 Navedeni okvir prvenstveno je sadržan u članu 359. KZ RS koji predviđa krivično djelo Javno izazivanje i podsticanje nasilja i mržnje. Ova odredba ima za cilj suzbijanje izražavanja koja podstiču nasilje i mržnju na temelju nacionalne, rasne, vjerske ili etničke pripadnosti, boje kože, spola, seksualnog opredjeljenja, invaliditeta, rodnog identiteta, porijekla ili kakvih drugih (zaštićenih) osobina. Predmet ove analize jeste upravo teorijski i praktični pogled na član 359. KZ RS, odnosno ispitivanje njegovog opsega, primjene i učinkovitosti (djelotvornosti) unutar pravnog okvira Republike Srpske.

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