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Lisbon Agreement on Dec 1st, 2009 has remarked the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) of EU instead of European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP). European Union has suffered from vital incapabilities in her defense structure although took part in some military operations in World wide such as peace keeping in Africa and police missions in Afghanistan. Hard power gap between EU and USA has drastically widen in recent decades. EU countries provided modest contributions into NATO operation in Afghanistan. EU makes much more effort to develop her soft power and aims transformations in near geographies. However, it is fact that EU system is bulky as witnessed in Arab movements. NATO and EU have to reconsider their defense policies in common understanding.
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The subject of my considerations is the position and role of an intellectually disabled character in literature for children and youth. By presenting selected works of two generations of German authors in Das war der Hirbel by Peter Härtling and the series Rico, Oskar and… by Andreas Steinhöfel I try to answer the following two questions: whether the writer, burdening his character with all kinds of dysfunctions associated with intellectual disability, should present all aspects of the disability and illustrate it in a realistic manner, describing the accompanying physical limitations and physiological arduousness, or rather to idealize it and present in the form of a metaphor so as not to alienate and scare the small recipient and whether the character who, due to their limitations differs from the common perceptions about the protagonist in a book for children, has a chance to become the hero of the young reader or will his presence in this type of literature condemn the book to failure.
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The text is based on the results of a comparative study of lifestyles presentedby selected residents of Szmulki part of Praga district in Warsaw. The material for descriptionwas collected by means of narrative interviews, overt and covert observationsand also perceptions recorded in the researcher’s log. The examples of changes in stylesof life in view of such factors as: occupational and personal conditioning of the respondents,their capital reserves, age or family situation. The results of the choices they made(being aware or not) are new configurations in the cultural space signifying a degree ofbalance between particular spheres of respondents’ everyday lives.
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Since 19th century, during the nation-state establishment periods and through 20th century, political roles were attributed to the youth, which were the result and the representation of the modernity. These roles have differed in different periods of the nations depending on the socio-economic and cultural changes, while the concept of youth is affected by such changes. There is a common discourse in Turkey which supports that after the military coup on September 12 and neoliberal policies applied by Turgut Özal’s government in Turkey, the youth became apolitical and a generation that stayed out of the politics was created. Did the September 12 regime really meant to have youth stay out of the politics? In this article, the effort of September 12 restorations towards rebuilding the youth will be analyzed through a collective work titled “Ataturk and Youth” published by National Education, Youth and Sports Ministry Youth Services General Administration.
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Eszter Neumann gives a review of the educational reforms that took place in the last two decades in England with a special focus on equity issues. The first part of the article gives a brief overview of the neo-liberal educational policies and explains the recent shift to centralization carried out with the use of knowledge-based regulation tools. Policies addressing disadvantaged students are embedded into larger programs that are meant to improve the quality of education in general. Next, the paper discusses the various interpretations and frameworks of equal educational opportunities that have been in use in the past 20 years through the analysis of specific educational programs which encourage the dissemination of innovative ideas and best practices in schools located in economically depressed areas. All in all, the question rises whether the policy goals of equity and educational excellence are conflicting or could be achieved parallel.
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After the dissolution of the USSR, Russian cities are popular destinations of labor migrants from the former Soviet republics, especially Central Asia and the Caucasus. One can observe a monopolization of particular sectors in the labor market and entire branches of petty trade by different ethnic and national communities. At some open-air markets, it is now the Russians who comprise the minority. Markets constitute a borderland which appears in the middle of a city – they serve as an important meeting place of people and cultures. The appearance of so-called ethnic entrepreneurship, ethnic economy and trade minorities, ethnic or otherwise, has been widely investigated in various parts of the world and in different times. It was, however, questioned whether one can speak about their existence in post-Soviet Russia. In this paper, I argue that trade minorities do indeed operate at Russian open-air markets. However, they do so in a specific manner that stems from the historical and cultural conditioning of petty trade in the former USSR. This study shows the development of ethnic entrepreneurship and appearance of different stereotypes that are tied to it. What is more, it analyzes some ways in which different minorities coexist. In general, the study deals with the extremely complex issue of interethnic relationships in post-Soviet Russia.
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Only ten percent of students describe themselves as observant believers – that is, following the teachings of his/her denomination – which was the most distinctive factor between different groups of opinions revealed by the analysis. 61 percent of students belong to some kind of denomination, and 57 percent consider themselves believers to some extent (47% in its own way, 10% of which follow the teachings of his/her own Church). The value system had by non-religious students can be seen as an average. Apart from their lack of religious affiliation, there are no other distinguishing factors in relation to most students here. The group of university students who are religious to some extent can be divided to two groups based on different opinions held by them. The most important dimension of this separation is tolerance: the first group has an attitude of acceptance towards ethnic, social and cultural minority groups, while the second has a more exclusionary attitude. Tolerant religious students are more open and more susceptible to positive values than are their non-religious/less tolerant religious peers. Finally, also found was a fourth group of values: one tenth of students in Debrecen can be characterised as being very pessimistic, as having a negative psychological state and as being sceptical when it comes to positive values. The influence of the ‘spirit’ of the University of Debrecen can be seen in the difference between the older and younger students. In relation to a positive change, there is an indisputable role to be playing by someone’s maturing – though we should mention here that the university does orientate its students in the direction of more tolerance and having a stronger commitment to positive values.
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If one extrapolates present social circumstances, one comes to the conclusion that much more emphasis should be placed on health and physical activity, possibly through the life-span development of younger generations, in order to avoid the negative influences of civilization. Otherwise, humans will not be able to compensate for the absence of health even with an enormous aggregation of financial and cultural goods. In other words, accumulated knowledge and capital are worth little without health. To deal with the new challenges of sport, health, and physical activity on their merits, the old-fashioned mode of thinking should be refashioned or should be replaced. This process is possible only with a number of substantial changes that will be able to influence common knowledge in order to educate an active, creative, healthy, and self-confident society. Today, in an economically and culturally unstable environment, the smallest effects can cause a number of unpredictable (favorable or unfavorable) changes in our everyday life due to negative feedback. For this very reason, in our knowledge-based society, optimal physical and mental health and their practical applicability in everyday life should be an achievable goal for the individual. This paper is addressed to explore the thinking of secondary school students about social regeneration in Hungary by asking them what kind of tools they can imagine which could help them achieve an optimal physical and mental health and how they can apply the knowledge in their future adult life. The young people involved in this research claim that physical education (PE) in secondary schools can provide an acceptable tool for the required regeneration and it can prove to be adequate in the formation of a health-confident society as well. The present paper claims, however, that physical education is able to fulfill this role only if it goes through massive structural changes taking the demands and claims of the younger generation into consideration.
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Among the determinants of development influence of cultural factors and human capital is underlined on the attractiveness of specific regions and tourism. The aim of the development is the answer to the question whether in Cracow festivals have an impact on the development of the cultural and tourist city. The author tried to describe the most numerous attention-grabbing of tourists festivals and cultural events and make the impact analysis on the development of the city of Cracow. The basis for scientific analysis are statistical and industry literature.
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The paper object is to analyze the differences between the methods used by NGOs and civic movements, in order to influence the territorial development trends in Cracow. The text discusses methods of those, which shaped the directions of development of Cracow, on the background of the theory of life cycle of the organization.
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If we analyze the contemporary literature in the field of personnel department, and human resources management at the global level, we will find more or less the statement that a man is the most valuable potential of organizations that people are the greatest wealth and irreplaceable factor in every organization. At the level of the UN numerous declarations were adopted on human rights, in order to protect and improve their basic rights. On the basis of national legislations numerous laws were adopted about the rights of employees, women, children, minorities, etc. Many associations were formed for the protection of the so-called “vulnerable” groups and communities, in order to preserve His Majesty, man. However, practice shows a completely different situation and tendencies. The more you talk about the man or about the people more problems arise on that point. It turns out that the status or treatment of the man in the organization at the national, but also at the global level is far below declarative submissions or preferences. This refers especially on companies and organizations with high organic composition of capital that is, where technology prevails. It has never been more wars, inter-ethnic and inter-state conflicts with tragic consequences, millions of refugees and migrants who go from one continent to another in spite of a large number of resolutions at the level of the international community on human rights. If we would test the top management of large companies about their knowledge of human dimension in their organizations, we would come to devastating results, and that is that they are far more familiar with the material factors (instruments of labor, tools, accessories) the time necessary to execute the repair of machines, replacement of some parts, assemblies and subassemblies. In contrast to the above, the human potential is not being talked about, or it is talked about in secondary and irrelevant discussions. All indicates that the technology is being developed, and that man is not equally developed with it, although it is he who has created it. All stated above imposes the need to point out the place and importance of man in modern, technological, turbulent and uncertain organization. The aim of this paper is to show and prove the growing importance of man in the organization through arguments, especially from the standpoint in the future and in terms of increasing usage of modern information technology.
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Csaba Pléh, in his work entitled Psychology as the Theoretical and Referential Framework of Education, departs from the competing images of mankind as a starting point of reference in 20th Century psychology. In this essay, one of the recurring themes is the relationship between human malleability and the plasticity of psychological thought. The flexible conceptual reference framework for development appears in more optimistic societies, such as via American behaviorism and the Pavlov cult of Soviet psychology, which are believed to have developed themselves within the time span of one generation. The other side consists of nativist perceptions, things which have been strongly revived since the 1970s. One of their variations, which highlights the genetic origins of individual differences, ties up with rule-based conservative perceptions; the other variation, which promotes universal innatism, as coined by Chomsky, stresses the unified potential for the development of humankind.
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Finds the essence of the ’traditional learning’ in the relation between a master and his (her) disciple. A thorough analysis of this relationship helps understand the unique features of the ’traditional learning’ activities. The question is if the ’traditional learning’ would be suitable to the requirements of the ’modern’ world and the globalisation processes.
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In the first part of the paper, the global challenges facing Generation Z, such as global climate change, the nuclear threat, migration and wars along civilisation fault lines will be discussed. Members of Generation Z are the children of digital revolution. Compared with the characteristics of previous generations, this generation has profoundly different networks, knowledge structure and ways of learning. In the second part of the paper the different patterns of the individual segments of the Hungarian Generation Z will be discussed.
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The article discusses the model of application of Action Research methodology in the context of the applied project ‘Training for Ecopreneurship at Three Bulgarian Universities’ (2015–2016). The project is conducted by the Institute for the Study of Societies and Knowledge at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Heidelberg, with the financial support of the German Federal Environmental Foundation, DBU. Beneficiaries and associate partners in Bulgaria are the University of Ruse, the Academy of Economics, Svishtov, the University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, and Technology Centre, Sofia – organization for technology transfer and advocacy of German businesses in Bulgaria. The project’s main objective is to introduce educational modules for so-called ecopreneurship (sustainable entrepreneurship) in these three universities. Our approach is closer to the so-called Participative Action Research, trying to involve different stakeholders in the different stages of the project. Thus, we want not only to reflect the process, but to induce ‘social change’ with the active participation of the actors. At the core of our intervention is the educational design and implementation of innovative ecopreneurship training for students, based on a competency model (or a model of linked competencies that would lead to building accomplishments) co-developed by the students and previously engaged experts. These competencies are sought, applied, and developed in the learning process through the so-called Backward Design Approach, comprising five phases, each with a different focus: 1) group cohesion development, initial assessment and joint goal-setting; 2) phase of enhancing a deeper understanding of basic concepts through experience, and raising essential no-single-answer questions; 3) immersion in the actual field, active learning of the content based on researching authentic problems; 4) learning by doing a desired type of real-world project/learning product; and 5) students’ showcase in which they present themselves through these projects, which serve as a record for their learning achievement.
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The purpose of this is to address the social activities of women living in rural areas, and especially the degree to which such activities are innovative. Special attention is given to innovations designed to improve the quality of life in local communities, to identify their needs and social problems, and to make attempts to address these. Data for this study comes from in-depth interviews with women who are particularly involved in various areas of social life in their local communities.
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This paper presents data which clearly reveal that the behavior model of young people in the Bosnian Serb Republic is characterized by an insufficient degree of information and poor knowledge on reproductive health, an increase in the number of alcohol consumers, drugs and cigarettes which leads to an increase in risky behavior, entering sexual relations and an earlier age, an increase in the number of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies which often result in abortions or premature birth. At the same time young people recognize the necessity for more information, mention competent authorities and expect help from them. At the same time, they show readiness to learn through peer education. On the other hand, the estimated results which we obtained by using available sources, because of the lack of a population census, give us information on the grave demographic situation in the Bosnian Serb Republic and negative tendencies in the future. When we speak of the total fertility rate and compare these data with countries of Europe and the surrounding areas, we can unfortunately only state that many factors – the most important being: war events, insecurity, unfavorable economic and social situation, significant migration of not only young people but of whole families – caused severely low total fertility rate in the Bosnian Serb Republic. Even worse, these tendencies are further decreasing and society is moving towards open depopulation with unforeseeable demographic, economic and national consequences. At the same time, it has been ascertained that young people are getting married at a later age, deciding on becoming parents at a later age and acting more riskily which decreases their fertility capacity and decreases their share in the total fertility capacity, making the already bad demographic picture of the Bosnian Serb Republic even worse.
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