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Lisbon Agreement on Dec 1st, 2009 has remarked the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) of EU instead of European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP). European Union has suffered from vital incapabilities in her defense structure although took part in some military operations in World wide such as peace keeping in Africa and police missions in Afghanistan. Hard power gap between EU and USA has drastically widen in recent decades. EU countries provided modest contributions into NATO operation in Afghanistan. EU makes much more effort to develop her soft power and aims transformations in near geographies. However, it is fact that EU system is bulky as witnessed in Arab movements. NATO and EU have to reconsider their defense policies in common understanding.
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The subject of my considerations is the position and role of an intellectually disabled character in literature for children and youth. By presenting selected works of two generations of German authors in Das war der Hirbel by Peter Härtling and the series Rico, Oskar and… by Andreas Steinhöfel I try to answer the following two questions: whether the writer, burdening his character with all kinds of dysfunctions associated with intellectual disability, should present all aspects of the disability and illustrate it in a realistic manner, describing the accompanying physical limitations and physiological arduousness, or rather to idealize it and present in the form of a metaphor so as not to alienate and scare the small recipient and whether the character who, due to their limitations differs from the common perceptions about the protagonist in a book for children, has a chance to become the hero of the young reader or will his presence in this type of literature condemn the book to failure.
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Since 19th century, during the nation-state establishment periods and through 20th century, political roles were attributed to the youth, which were the result and the representation of the modernity. These roles have differed in different periods of the nations depending on the socio-economic and cultural changes, while the concept of youth is affected by such changes. There is a common discourse in Turkey which supports that after the military coup on September 12 and neoliberal policies applied by Turgut Özal’s government in Turkey, the youth became apolitical and a generation that stayed out of the politics was created. Did the September 12 regime really meant to have youth stay out of the politics? In this article, the effort of September 12 restorations towards rebuilding the youth will be analyzed through a collective work titled “Ataturk and Youth” published by National Education, Youth and Sports Ministry Youth Services General Administration.
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After the dissolution of the USSR, Russian cities are popular destinations of labor migrants from the former Soviet republics, especially Central Asia and the Caucasus. One can observe a monopolization of particular sectors in the labor market and entire branches of petty trade by different ethnic and national communities. At some open-air markets, it is now the Russians who comprise the minority. Markets constitute a borderland which appears in the middle of a city – they serve as an important meeting place of people and cultures. The appearance of so-called ethnic entrepreneurship, ethnic economy and trade minorities, ethnic or otherwise, has been widely investigated in various parts of the world and in different times. It was, however, questioned whether one can speak about their existence in post-Soviet Russia. In this paper, I argue that trade minorities do indeed operate at Russian open-air markets. However, they do so in a specific manner that stems from the historical and cultural conditioning of petty trade in the former USSR. This study shows the development of ethnic entrepreneurship and appearance of different stereotypes that are tied to it. What is more, it analyzes some ways in which different minorities coexist. In general, the study deals with the extremely complex issue of interethnic relationships in post-Soviet Russia.
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Among the determinants of development influence of cultural factors and human capital is underlined on the attractiveness of specific regions and tourism. The aim of the development is the answer to the question whether in Cracow festivals have an impact on the development of the cultural and tourist city. The author tried to describe the most numerous attention-grabbing of tourists festivals and cultural events and make the impact analysis on the development of the city of Cracow. The basis for scientific analysis are statistical and industry literature.
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The paper object is to analyze the differences between the methods used by NGOs and civic movements, in order to influence the territorial development trends in Cracow. The text discusses methods of those, which shaped the directions of development of Cracow, on the background of the theory of life cycle of the organization.
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The article discusses the model of application of Action Research methodology in the context of the applied project ‘Training for Ecopreneurship at Three Bulgarian Universities’ (2015–2016). The project is conducted by the Institute for the Study of Societies and Knowledge at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Heidelberg, with the financial support of the German Federal Environmental Foundation, DBU. Beneficiaries and associate partners in Bulgaria are the University of Ruse, the Academy of Economics, Svishtov, the University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, and Technology Centre, Sofia – organization for technology transfer and advocacy of German businesses in Bulgaria. The project’s main objective is to introduce educational modules for so-called ecopreneurship (sustainable entrepreneurship) in these three universities. Our approach is closer to the so-called Participative Action Research, trying to involve different stakeholders in the different stages of the project. Thus, we want not only to reflect the process, but to induce ‘social change’ with the active participation of the actors. At the core of our intervention is the educational design and implementation of innovative ecopreneurship training for students, based on a competency model (or a model of linked competencies that would lead to building accomplishments) co-developed by the students and previously engaged experts. These competencies are sought, applied, and developed in the learning process through the so-called Backward Design Approach, comprising five phases, each with a different focus: 1) group cohesion development, initial assessment and joint goal-setting; 2) phase of enhancing a deeper understanding of basic concepts through experience, and raising essential no-single-answer questions; 3) immersion in the actual field, active learning of the content based on researching authentic problems; 4) learning by doing a desired type of real-world project/learning product; and 5) students’ showcase in which they present themselves through these projects, which serve as a record for their learning achievement.
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This article analyzes the Human development in modern society, it also analyzes the social development and quality of life relationship. Human Social Development regards human as a value not only because he/she is a producer of material goods. Human is considered both as an objective and a tool of development. In fact, the development where a human is a centre of attention means a human progress, a progress in a human and a progress under the authority of a human. A growth of choices is everyone’s opportunity to take responsibility for their own lives. Development gives human freedom to choose, but he/she must decide what to choose. Human social development has two sides: on the one hand, physical, psychological, mental and professional capabilities of a human are developed, on the other hand, acquired capabilities allow human to efficiently use them in cultural, economic or political activity. Provision of choices makes sense only when ability to ensure well-being both to present and future generations is maintained.
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The decision to have children nowadays is largely a matter of choice; this has led researchers to model fertility in economic terms. This paper links the demographic effects to the labor market characteristics and consequently to the national economy. It shows that the situation in the Romanian economy is characterized by a steadily declining share of the working age population, a rising share of the elderly and a decreasing share of the young. Therefore if the downward demographic trend should continue, there will only be 15.6 million people left in Romania in 2060 with only 2 million labor force participants. The burden of financing 8 dependents will fall on one labor force participant, thus, the rising old-age dependency ratios will translate into growing tax burdens. The generous pension and health care benefits will crowd out public investment in infrastructure or education, with negative effects on capital accumulation and productivity growth.
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Doživeli smo epohu u kojoj pomalo anahrono deluje pokretanje časopisa koji nije digitalan, on-line, nego na hartiji. Takav je duh vremena, i tolika je premoć digitalne informacione tehnologije nad dobrom starom štampom. No, sudbina publikacije čiji prvi broj imate u ruci neće zavisiti od ovih okolnosti već od, najiskrenije ćemo se za to potruditi, privlačnosti sadržaja koje će objavljivati. A on će, prema stavu redakcije, biti u potpunosti okrenut savremenim fenomenima komunikacione prakse. Pokušaće da (za)beleži istraživačku pažnju i podstakne radoznalost duha usmerenih na mnogobrojne aspekte u vezi sa komuniciranjem i upravljanjem komunikacijama, koji se umnožavaju zarad velike promene koju nazivamo nastanakom informacionog društva.
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This paper discusses the relationship between the quality of family environment and the socio-economic status of families with regard to the impact of the impoverished family environment and educational level of parents on the early development of children. In particular it stresses the results of national surveys which indicate that Roma children are one of the most vulnerable groups of children. The paper also presents some practical guidelines for the inclusion of illiterate parents and highlights a number of programs for children of preschool and early school age and their parents from lower SES aimed at encouraging the development of literacy and other cognitive skills in children and empower parents to meet the requirements of their parental role. As one of the initial steps in the process of enhancing the cooperation and empowerment of Roma children’s parents, the paper presents research conducted by teachers and Roma assistants at Tomaš Goričanac Elementary School in Mala Subotica in the Roma settlement of Piškorovec. The main objective of the study was to determine the educational structure and the level of literacy of the adult population in Piškorovec in order to use the results for planning an intervention program which will be based on the assessed needs.
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Purpose of the article is to demonstrate the manner, in which the concept of social integration of the disabled, where crucial place is occupied by sports activity, is realized on the background of social and institutional conditions. There are qualitative data used in the research, collected through a technique of an in-depth free interview and observations, conducted among the disabled who play sports. Analysis and interpretation of the empirical material and existing data is performed in accordance with principles of the grounded theory. The performed studies proved that sport practiced by the disabled may support the inclusion process of the disabled into broader social circles. Sport not only an opportunity to maintain fitness and health, but also for social integration of the disabled.
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Children with Behavioural, Emotional and Social Difficulties (BESD) are at high risk of experiencing exclusion in both England and Greece. However, this particular category of Special Educational Needs (SEN) has so far received relatively little academic or political attention in comparison to other SEN. This paper attempts to point out the barriers that may prevent the inclusion of children with BESD both in terms of the theoretical conceptualisation of the category itself and in terms of the policies and practices that England and Greece may implement. In order to achieve a further yet coherent picture of the current situation, this paper has identified three different types of factors that may negatively influence inclusion. Therefore, by discussing the possible ideological, structural, and practical challenges, the paper aims to highlight the crucial need for further theoretical insight that would be able to inform and promote the establishment of a more cohesive and efficient legislative framework for pupils with BESD in both countries.
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U radu se govori o procesu opismenjavanja stanovništva na području Lukavca u periodu Obnove i Prvog petogodišnjeg plana, zaključno s popisom stanovništva iz 1953. godine. Najekonomičniji i tada najsvrsishodniji način da se pretežno nepismeno stanovništvo Lukavca, Bosne i Hercegovine i postratne Jugoslavije opismeni bilo je kroz organizovanje analfabetskih tečajeva. Ovaj način osnovnog opismenjavanja vršen je na oslobođenim teritorijama još tokom Drugog svjetskog rata, ali svoju formu i suštinu dobija po konačnom oslobođenju 1945. godine. U ovom radu proces opismenjavanja u Lukavcu podijeljen je prema intenzitetu odvijanja, te naposeobjašnjen u dva ciklusa, 1945-1948. i 1948-1953. godina.
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The field of class analysis is currently undergoing profound change spawned by the wave of criticism, both externally and internally. On the one hand, the class theory was challenged by theorists hailing the coming of a new phase of modernity or postmodernity which renders „class” an obsolete concept. On the other hand we are witnessing mounting dissatisfaction with the dominant class scheme (e.g. EGP) because of its inability to adequately illuminate the cultural and symbolic dimensions of class structure. These circumstances have prompted a turn towards new class paradigm, so-called „cultural class analysis” largely inspired by the works of Pierre Bourdieu. The aim of the article is to diagnose the state of art in class analysis and scrutinize how the work of Bourdieu can provide a more foundational rethinking of it.
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Bulgaria is on the verge of its first 4th graders’ participation in the TIMSS 2015 (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) assessment. That is why the analysis of the Curriculum and the representative textbooks is of extreme significance. It is of utmost importance to identify the areas of coincidence, as well as those, where there is a discrepancy in order to align it with the TIMSS 2015 framework. In an attempt to provide such information, in the current article, a brief content analysis is made, and some problem areas are outlined. This could lead to reconsidering the Bulgarian National Curriculum and the respective textbooks in order to improve children’s performance and to develop their knowledge and practical skills.
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Resilience of any area in question is linked with its structure, which is being built and rebuilt over the years. For instance, Košice city reinforces for most sector of Information, communication and as well its sector of Art, entertainment and recreation. After implementing strategy of reinforcement the city can be better up to the task to cope with shocks. Similarly other areas, this paper was trying to shed light on this topic by implementing methodology of localization quotient and using data for seven cities in Eastern Slovak Republic. The analysis provides comparison in structure and resilience potential of cities in terms of employment.
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The article discusses the involvement of parents in the environment pedagogization through andragogical systems. Priority education accrues to the family as the overriding social institute where people suffer first and most important socialization. Other public structures, socializationis a little later. Families with no auxiliary Institute, seeking to create and maintain the existing structures and relations in the country, while the main condition for realizing human potential, is an institution which has unique features, a significant impact on personality formation and social development. The family, as the first social institutions, has a major impact on children’s education, but the child started attending an educational institution care for the child’s education and upbringing are reduced. Parents stop to be interested in their child problems, achievements, then disposing of education and training to function in an education institution. Is commonly observed that few parents communicate with teachers, educational institutions are reluctant to participate in community life. The family as an institution leads to pre-school children’s education office complexity. Development of parental rights and obligations appears from the need for them to find a qualified educational assistance to children’s education area. Therefore, educational institutions are addressing both issues of parental education, development of formal models micro studying. In this way, it allows parents to learn the same environment in which nurtures and their children. This is consistent with parents’ needs, helping them with teachers to address children’s educational development issues. At the same time pre-school institutions is enhanced by both parents, as adults group, a personal interest in education in general, as well as orientation to the preschool modernization. This article deals with andragogical system provided to parents to parents’ engagement in school life, suitable for a child learning to create a climate, the motivation to maintain in order to make appropriate learning and life conditions. Andragogical means of encouraging parents to become involved in community activities in educational institutions as being of its members are active not only contributes to children’s education institutions in management, but it will be acquired from the planning, coordination, organization and evaluation skills.
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The author of this study seeks an answer to the question what “authorial documentary film” is. He selects examples from the area of social-critical documentary film, especially lower forms of documentation – a weekly and a newsreel. In a historical perspective he follows how directors realized authorial engagement in dealing with documentary themes for a socio-critical purpose. Authorial work is then put into contrast with genre conventions which do not allow the presence of authors’ subjective view in documentary films. In the cases when authors purposefully transcend the conventions of documentary genres, viewers are confronted mainly with a subjective interpretation of facts. This line of reasoning about authorial and genre documentary film has been present in Slovak theory since the 1980s and corresponds with current Western approaches to understanding documentary film, which compare current documentary films to feature films in terms of how they construct narratives. In his conclusion the author of this study proposes dividing any film production to genre and authorial production. The reason is that authorial documentary production goes beyond the objective documentary functions of documentary film and is independent of genre conventions. In addition, its subjective interpretation of themes makes it similar to feature film production.
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