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Lviv (Ukraine) is an Eastern European city with a history dating back to the 13th century. It could be imagined as a palimpsest-like place of different architectural, social, and cultural heritages. However, the majority of current Lviv’s population lives within an urban environment designed and constructed during the second half of 20th century. Based on sociological data (in-depth semi-structured interviews, survey, and unobtrusive observation) article reviews the specifics of places for community in the largest mass housing estate – Sykhiv. Author shows what areas are perceived by inhabitants as the locations for social life and what types of social cohesion could contribute to the urban transformations.
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After the dissolution of the USSR, Russian cities are popular destinations of labor migrants from the former Soviet republics, especially Central Asia and the Caucasus. One can observe a monopolization of particular sectors in the labor market and entire branches of petty trade by different ethnic and national communities. At some open-air markets, it is now the Russians who comprise the minority. Markets constitute a borderland which appears in the middle of a city – they serve as an important meeting place of people and cultures. The appearance of so-called ethnic entrepreneurship, ethnic economy and trade minorities, ethnic or otherwise, has been widely investigated in various parts of the world and in different times. It was, however, questioned whether one can speak about their existence in post-Soviet Russia. In this paper, I argue that trade minorities do indeed operate at Russian open-air markets. However, they do so in a specific manner that stems from the historical and cultural conditioning of petty trade in the former USSR. This study shows the development of ethnic entrepreneurship and appearance of different stereotypes that are tied to it. What is more, it analyzes some ways in which different minorities coexist. In general, the study deals with the extremely complex issue of interethnic relationships in post-Soviet Russia.
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The article discusses the model of application of Action Research methodology in the context of the applied project ‘Training for Ecopreneurship at Three Bulgarian Universities’ (2015–2016). The project is conducted by the Institute for the Study of Societies and Knowledge at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Heidelberg, with the financial support of the German Federal Environmental Foundation, DBU. Beneficiaries and associate partners in Bulgaria are the University of Ruse, the Academy of Economics, Svishtov, the University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, and Technology Centre, Sofia – organization for technology transfer and advocacy of German businesses in Bulgaria. The project’s main objective is to introduce educational modules for so-called ecopreneurship (sustainable entrepreneurship) in these three universities. Our approach is closer to the so-called Participative Action Research, trying to involve different stakeholders in the different stages of the project. Thus, we want not only to reflect the process, but to induce ‘social change’ with the active participation of the actors. At the core of our intervention is the educational design and implementation of innovative ecopreneurship training for students, based on a competency model (or a model of linked competencies that would lead to building accomplishments) co-developed by the students and previously engaged experts. These competencies are sought, applied, and developed in the learning process through the so-called Backward Design Approach, comprising five phases, each with a different focus: 1) group cohesion development, initial assessment and joint goal-setting; 2) phase of enhancing a deeper understanding of basic concepts through experience, and raising essential no-single-answer questions; 3) immersion in the actual field, active learning of the content based on researching authentic problems; 4) learning by doing a desired type of real-world project/learning product; and 5) students’ showcase in which they present themselves through these projects, which serve as a record for their learning achievement.
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This article analyzes the Human development in modern society, it also analyzes the social development and quality of life relationship. Human Social Development regards human as a value not only because he/she is a producer of material goods. Human is considered both as an objective and a tool of development. In fact, the development where a human is a centre of attention means a human progress, a progress in a human and a progress under the authority of a human. A growth of choices is everyone’s opportunity to take responsibility for their own lives. Development gives human freedom to choose, but he/she must decide what to choose. Human social development has two sides: on the one hand, physical, psychological, mental and professional capabilities of a human are developed, on the other hand, acquired capabilities allow human to efficiently use them in cultural, economic or political activity. Provision of choices makes sense only when ability to ensure well-being both to present and future generations is maintained.
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Additive manufacturing like 3D printing is frequently used to create unique three-dimensional objects of any shape and geometry. Technologies like 3D printing significantly increase the flexibility of running a business especially in the early phases of new product development and testing, but also democratize the production market. 3D printing uses hardware controlled by computer applications to create single, quite complex 3D objects at relatively low cost. Creating these objects with well-known technologies such as casting can be in many cases economically unmanageable. 3D printing technology has many areas of usage. It can be used in architecture, art, commerce, education, engineering, manufacturing, medicine and military. It can also be a very useful tool in marketing and commerce e.g. market research, product design and product development and shipment. Therefore 3D printing can meet new needs of customers and generate incomes for businesses. The aim of the article is to present recent trends in 3D printing and the possibilities of its usage. The paper contains characteristics of technology, recently developed 3D printing projects, advantages and disadvantages of using 3D printing technology. The authors analyze 1259 3D printing-related projects found on the world’s most popular crowdfunding platform – Kickstarter and presents the impact of 3D printing technology on markets and business processes.
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The decision to have children nowadays is largely a matter of choice; this has led researchers to model fertility in economic terms. This paper links the demographic effects to the labor market characteristics and consequently to the national economy. It shows that the situation in the Romanian economy is characterized by a steadily declining share of the working age population, a rising share of the elderly and a decreasing share of the young. Therefore if the downward demographic trend should continue, there will only be 15.6 million people left in Romania in 2060 with only 2 million labor force participants. The burden of financing 8 dependents will fall on one labor force participant, thus, the rising old-age dependency ratios will translate into growing tax burdens. The generous pension and health care benefits will crowd out public investment in infrastructure or education, with negative effects on capital accumulation and productivity growth.
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This paper discusses the relationship between the quality of family environment and the socio-economic status of families with regard to the impact of the impoverished family environment and educational level of parents on the early development of children. In particular it stresses the results of national surveys which indicate that Roma children are one of the most vulnerable groups of children. The paper also presents some practical guidelines for the inclusion of illiterate parents and highlights a number of programs for children of preschool and early school age and their parents from lower SES aimed at encouraging the development of literacy and other cognitive skills in children and empower parents to meet the requirements of their parental role. As one of the initial steps in the process of enhancing the cooperation and empowerment of Roma children’s parents, the paper presents research conducted by teachers and Roma assistants at Tomaš Goričanac Elementary School in Mala Subotica in the Roma settlement of Piškorovec. The main objective of the study was to determine the educational structure and the level of literacy of the adult population in Piškorovec in order to use the results for planning an intervention program which will be based on the assessed needs.
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Purpose of the article is to demonstrate the manner, in which the concept of social integration of the disabled, where crucial place is occupied by sports activity, is realized on the background of social and institutional conditions. There are qualitative data used in the research, collected through a technique of an in-depth free interview and observations, conducted among the disabled who play sports. Analysis and interpretation of the empirical material and existing data is performed in accordance with principles of the grounded theory. The performed studies proved that sport practiced by the disabled may support the inclusion process of the disabled into broader social circles. Sport not only an opportunity to maintain fitness and health, but also for social integration of the disabled.
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Development of rural areas is largely affected by NGOs and local organization, a good example of which is the operation of Local Action Groups (LAGs). LAGs mainly stimulate development of rural areas by defining community needs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the activity of inhabitants of rural areas in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship within the scope of initiatives of selected LAGs. The study was based on secondary sources with queries of available information: documents of organizations, strategies, data obtained from the Central Statistical Office of Poland, database of the National Rural Network 2014–2020. Social activity was studied on the basis of information concerning finished projects from the period of 2014–2017 published on Facebook by LAGs in question. The time span comprised the period of 2007–2017. The study focused on 5 LAGs headquartered in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship and located in its various parts. The areas of their activity are diversified in terms of environmental conditions and economic functions. // W procesie rozwoju obszarów wiejskich istotną rolę odgrywają organizacje pozarządowe i stowarzyszenia lokalne. Charakterystycznym przykładem takich inicjatyw są Lokalne Grupy Działania. Główną przesłanką działania LGD jest aktywizacja środowisk wiejskich w kierunku kształtowania rozwoju, poprzez sformułowanie potrzeb społeczności. Celem pracy jest ocena aktywności mieszkańców wsi woj. świętokrzyskiego w ramach inicjatyw podejmowanych przez wybrane LGD. W badaniu wykorzystano źródła wtórne dokonując kwerendy dostępnych materiałów: dokumentów stowarzyszeniowych, strategii, danych GUS, informacji z bazy Krajowej Sieci Obszarów Wiejskich 2014–2020. Aktywność społeczności lokalnej zbadano na podstawie informacji o zrealizowanych działaniach w latach 2014–2017, które zostały zamieszczone przez obrane LGD na portalu społecznościowym Facebook. Zakres czasowy analiz objął lata 2007–2017. W badaniu uwzględniono 5 LGD, które mają siedziby na terenie woj. świętokrzyskiego i są zlokalizowane w różnych jego częściach. Tereny objęte działaniem tych partnerstw są zróżnicowane pod względem warunków środowiskowych i charakteru pełnionych funkcji gospodarczych.
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The aim of the article is to look at the social mobilization of women in the Black Protests, which have been going on in Poland since 2016, as a space where women’s problems were articulated. The analysis of movement from the perspective of feminist social work makes it possible to capture experiences that interweave individual problems and structural limitations on many levels of social life: citizenship, law, labour market or health.
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On the national scale, the most characteristic manifestation of the diversification of socio-economic development is the division into the more economically developed western part and the less developed so-called “east wall”. In the scale of the voivodship, economic diversification does not have to assume the aforementioned geographic character. The paper presents a multidimensional analysis of socio-economic development of the Lower Silesian region at the level of NTS 4 (districts together with cities with districts rights) in the years 2014-2016. A set of variables was specified, defining particular aspects of socio-economic development. This allowed for the selection of districts with the best and worst socio- -economic situation, as well as districts characterized by a given similarity, which enabled the division of districts into classes of similar development level. In calculations the R program scripts and data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office were used.
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In recent years we have seen the dynamic development of medical services sector in Poland. Private health centres focus on aggressive development strategy. The role of primary health care facilities, which provide services financed from public funds, declined. The purpose of article is to describe medical services market in Gdańsk, especially in Gdańsk-South district. It includes demographics, the number and characteristics of medical entities in the city and the district, and the need for appropriate services. The next purpose is to make in practice SWOT analysis and Porter's five forces analysis for primary health care facility. They help in estimating opportunities and threats of a new venture. They also help in the choice of new direction for medical facility’s development. The research material was publicly available in the Register of Healing Practices (Rejestr Podmiotów Wykonujących Działalność Leczniczą), Central Statistical Office, local databases, studies and scientific articles.
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This article presents some of the findings of a research project concerning intermunicipal co-operation in Poland. The aim of this paper is investigate the usage the organizational and legal frame of inter-municipality cooperation in the provision of public services. A comparative analysis shows that inter-municipal co-operation comes in all shapes and sizes. Research shows that the joint authority, communal associations, agreements between authorities, and limited companies are used in varying degrees, taking into account the various types of public services. These data on this topic are summarized in the form of comparisons between voivodeships.
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Kad bi Hana Arent danas, godine 1993, ponovo došla u posetu Nemačkoj i kad bi putovanje slučajno otpočela u Augsburgu, svakako bi joj najpre zapale za oko kante za smeće u okolini železničke stanice: po četiri odvojena kontejnera, aranžirana i izdeljena u skladu sa posebnom filozofijom otpada, jedan za konzerve, jedan za flaše, jedan za papir i jedan za “ostatke”, šta god to bilo. Pitanje da možda nije malo previše očekivati da putnici koji žure na voz deponuju smeće u pravi kontejner, to praktično pitanje moralo bi da prethodi pitanju šta bi se dogodilo ako bi neki građanin greškom svoju praznu konzervu od koka-kole poverio metalnom kontejneru predviđenom za papir. Postoje li posebne mere za takve slučajeve? [...]
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This article tackles the issue of career profile with teachers at the tertiary education level in Cameroon. Whatever the discipline, the mission of the University can be summarized in: teaching, research, scientific progress and support to development. The first three aspects of the missions are often visible because lecturers do teach matters within their specialization and do research in the areas of their competence. As regards the last aspect mentioned (development), there seems to stand a problem, hence a serious question: Is the social environment conducive to such a mission? Is this mission not overshadowed by the first two (teaching and research)? How is this specific mission to be more visible for all lecturers in order to contribute to the emergence of Cameroon in 2035? With regard to researchers in Psychology, it is necessary that they stick to their area of specialization. The aim of current study is to show how the passage from one level of grade to the next follows a maturating progress but remains under the influence its “developmental niche” (Dasen, 2007). This study is grounded in the socio-cultural theory of Vygotsky (1978)), a theory that emphasizes the role of the social environment of the lecturer in the development of his career.
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This paper examines the layout and infographics of a digital article and the possible reading practices of the audience of online press. Our data consist of 114 texts from Greek online newspapers, magazines and pure players from three journalistic genres: news articles, opinion articles and interviews, and five semantic fields: art/fashion, environment/ecology, health/sports, science/technology and politics/finance. Our purpose is to examine the structure of these texts and discuss the strategies of reading online articles often containing hyperlinks that reflect other texts in an explicit or tacit way (Fairclough, 2006). Our method requires a double analysis at the microstructure level with a combination of the frameworks of the “communication on the media” of Charaudeau (2011) and the “media discourse analysis” of Fairclough (1992), and at the macrostructure level with the model of the reading strategies of online press (pro-intensive, proinventive and pro-extensive models) of Saemmer (2015). According to our results the format of a digital article is fluid varying from long texts to short texts that hold the reader's attention, yet all our data include audiovisual support. As for the reading practices, news articles follow the pro-extensive model, opinion articles the pro-inventive model with readers eager to participate, and the interviews the pro-extensive model but still using the format of their printed parentgenre as a base. Finally, only 22 hyperlinks were found, something that shows that inserting hyperlinks is a strategy slightly explored in the Greek online press.
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Resilience of any area in question is linked with its structure, which is being built and rebuilt over the years. For instance, Košice city reinforces for most sector of Information, communication and as well its sector of Art, entertainment and recreation. After implementing strategy of reinforcement the city can be better up to the task to cope with shocks. Similarly other areas, this paper was trying to shed light on this topic by implementing methodology of localization quotient and using data for seven cities in Eastern Slovak Republic. The analysis provides comparison in structure and resilience potential of cities in terms of employment.
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The article discusses the involvement of parents in the environment pedagogization through andragogical systems. Priority education accrues to the family as the overriding social institute where people suffer first and most important socialization. Other public structures, socializationis a little later. Families with no auxiliary Institute, seeking to create and maintain the existing structures and relations in the country, while the main condition for realizing human potential, is an institution which has unique features, a significant impact on personality formation and social development. The family, as the first social institutions, has a major impact on children’s education, but the child started attending an educational institution care for the child’s education and upbringing are reduced. Parents stop to be interested in their child problems, achievements, then disposing of education and training to function in an education institution. Is commonly observed that few parents communicate with teachers, educational institutions are reluctant to participate in community life. The family as an institution leads to pre-school children’s education office complexity. Development of parental rights and obligations appears from the need for them to find a qualified educational assistance to children’s education area. Therefore, educational institutions are addressing both issues of parental education, development of formal models micro studying. In this way, it allows parents to learn the same environment in which nurtures and their children. This is consistent with parents’ needs, helping them with teachers to address children’s educational development issues. At the same time pre-school institutions is enhanced by both parents, as adults group, a personal interest in education in general, as well as orientation to the preschool modernization. This article deals with andragogical system provided to parents to parents’ engagement in school life, suitable for a child learning to create a climate, the motivation to maintain in order to make appropriate learning and life conditions. Andragogical means of encouraging parents to become involved in community activities in educational institutions as being of its members are active not only contributes to children’s education institutions in management, but it will be acquired from the planning, coordination, organization and evaluation skills.
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The author of this study seeks an answer to the question what “authorial documentary film” is. He selects examples from the area of social-critical documentary film, especially lower forms of documentation – a weekly and a newsreel. In a historical perspective he follows how directors realized authorial engagement in dealing with documentary themes for a socio-critical purpose. Authorial work is then put into contrast with genre conventions which do not allow the presence of authors’ subjective view in documentary films. In the cases when authors purposefully transcend the conventions of documentary genres, viewers are confronted mainly with a subjective interpretation of facts. This line of reasoning about authorial and genre documentary film has been present in Slovak theory since the 1980s and corresponds with current Western approaches to understanding documentary film, which compare current documentary films to feature films in terms of how they construct narratives. In his conclusion the author of this study proposes dividing any film production to genre and authorial production. The reason is that authorial documentary production goes beyond the objective documentary functions of documentary film and is independent of genre conventions. In addition, its subjective interpretation of themes makes it similar to feature film production.
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