Nacionalizam: specifičan tip društvene činjenice i društvenog djelovanja

Author(s): Vedad Muharemović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2015

The exploring of nationalism in the era of globalism and transnational social relations may seem as the practice of dealing with what seem like the battered metaphors and dealing with “zombie sociology“. Contrary to various theoretical conceptions and interpretations that are constructed on the basis of taking into account one or several variables; from economic, gender, political, religious, communication, psychological, to socio-constructivist variables in the broadest sense, this text sets the thesis of the two-dimensional character of nationalism, namely, on nationalism as a specific type of social fact, and nationalism as a type of social action. Both types act supplementary, which may explain the recurrent and continuous effect of nationalism in the era of contemporary social world.

Интервю с Андрей Бунджулав

Author(s): Andrey Bundzhulov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/2/2015

Andrey Bundjulov, PhD in Philosophy, is Associate Professor at the University of National and World Economy. Member of the Institute for Critical Social Studies at Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”. He is the author of Heterotopias (1995; in Bulg.) and publications in the field of sociology of politics, sociology of history, economicsociology.

Fragmenti o antropologiji religije

Author(s): Tomislav Tadić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 08/2015

In this paper, I highlight the basic issues and problems of anthropology of religion as a specific scientific discipline for interpretation, analysis and hermeneutical ethnography of religion in terms of its manifestations both in contemporary social relations and in relation to the present, almost extinct, religious systems. I seek to stress the importance, function, significance and necessity of the anthropological interpretation of religion in the B&H social context as one possibility of counter-ideological narrating about religious forms, considering the relative underdevelopment of this discipline on our territory. The paper also points to the relationship of the sociological and anthropological interpretation of religion from the perspective of the central problems which these scientific disciplines have as a common starting point: secularization, globalization, religious extremism, religious violence, etc.

IN SEARCHING FOR SCIENCE UNDERSTANDING. APPLYING THE SOCIOLOGY OF A SCIENCE BASED APPROACH

Author(s): Dorota Jedlikowska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The paper discusses the chosen ongoing perspectives related to science understanding based problems. Science is viewed, following Robert Merton, as a functioning institution. Social context plays a significant role in defining the possibilities of developing science. The question arises how a functioning institution can be effectively analyzed and which perspectives can be implemented. Hence this paper’s goal is to reveal some ways of exploring science understanding. Consequently the paper touches the scientific discourses upon science discussing its academic functional ethos and on the other hand tension between bureaucratization and openness in science. More broadly how far science is democratized in an academic interaction. The proposition of examining the problem of the quality of science as an institution is to grasp two perspectives: first, the formal perspective, related to the legal field and its rationality and second, followed by Adele Clarke known as “situatedness”. The idea of joining formalization with situatedness can be regarded as an embodiment within John Meyer and Brian Rowan’s concept of an institutionalized organization. Hence science understanding is defined as a complex functioning institution escaping from a modern version of science into many postmodern ad-hoc made sciences. The paper’s intention is to provide problems and proposition of solving them through applying an integrating perspective.

Marksističko obrazovanje i kolektivno rukovođenje

Author(s): Salih Fočo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 249/1979

Na značaj i ulogu teorije za avangardu ukazali su Marks i Engels još u Manifestu komunističke partije, kao i u mnogim drugim svojim djelima. Od samog početka njihovog stvaranja proleteri svih zemalja gledaju u njima svoje učitelje i ponose se njima kao jednima od najuniverzalnijih i najdubljih umo- va, jednima od najplemenitijih i najsamoprijegornijih karaktera koje uopšte poznaje istorija. Savremeni proleter koji je usvojio teoriju naučnog socijalizma i koji ostaje vjeran njenom duhu ne može a da ne bude revolucionar i po logici i po osjećanju, to jest ne može a da ne pripada najopasnijem ,varijatetu' revolucionara.«

Problematika národa v počátcích sociologické teorie ve střední Evropě prizmatem tzv. habsburského dilematu Ernesta Gellnera: příspěvek k historické sociologii vědění

Author(s): Dušan Janák / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2019

The Issue of the Nation at the Beginning of Sociological Theory in Central Europe through the Lens of Ernest Gellner´s Concept of the Habsburg Dilemma: Contribution to Historical Sociology of Knowledge. The Habsburg Dilemma is the tension between two opposing world and political views (individualistic universalism and culturalistic organicism) which characterized, according to E. Gellner, the cultural and political life in the late period of the Austrian monarchy and was also mirrored in the field of intellectual production. The study applies this Gellner's thesis to the sociological reflection of national issues in the work of significant Central European sociologists of the first half of the 20th century. Gellner's concept allows us to explain the varying degree of interest in national issues among individual sociologists, as well as the nature of conceptual approach to nation-related issues by individual theoreticians, where we find distinct social bearers of both the worldviews (Hungary, Austria). In the countries without a pronounced split of the intellectual stratum (Czechoslovakia, Poland), the Habsburg dilemma can be recognized primarily as a conceptual tension within one theory, but it does not consistently explain the differences in the theoretical grasp of the topic or the degree of politicization of the issue.Sociológia 2019, Vol. 51 (No. 2: 152-178)

Szansa i wymóg: tożsamość jednostkowa w koncepcjach Anthony'ego Giddensa i Zygmunta Baumana

Author(s): Anna Karnat-Napieracz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2008

Wkład socjologów w dorobek polskiej historii kultury okresu międzywojnia (wybrane przykłady)

Author(s): Jolanta Kolbuszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2022

This article characterises the achievements and specificity of research into the Polish cultural history of the interwar period. The author outlines the differences between sociologists and histo- rians in exploring/approaching cultural history. The text consists of two parts – the introductory first and the main one, presenting the contribution of Polish sociologists to the reflection on the history of culture. The introduction outlines the emergence of cultural history as an independent subdiscipline within historical science and briefly discusses the profile of interests and the study’s theoretical foundation. Attention is given to the most eminent representatives of the subdiscipline from the three centres with the most outstanding achievements in this field; Kraków, Warsaw, and Lviv. Then, the text presents the research interests and theoretical declarations of Stanisław Kot, Jan Ptaśnik, Kazimierz Hartleb, and Stanisław Łempicki. The second part juxtaposes the work of histo- rians and sociologists; Stefan Czarnowski and Jan Stanisław Bystroń, who, in the author’s opinion, contributed both valuable findings and an original research approach to the cultural history of the period in question. The sociologists’ broad specialisation, diverse methods, and interdisciplinary approach were conducive to a comprehensive, holistic understanding of culture and its history. The article does not exhaust the subject. It signals the common areas of reflection and the fluidity (lack of impassable borders) between disciplines that characterised Polish humanities in the first half of the twentieth century.

ALEXANDRA CIOCÂRLIE, PRINCIPI ŞI SCRIITORI ÎN ROMA ANTICĂ, EDITURA HUMANITAS, BUCUREŞTI, 2021

Author(s): Iulian Boldea / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2023

The book explores the complex relationships between the emperors of Rome (from Augustusto Hadrian) and some of the most significant writers of the era (Virgil, Horace, Propertiu, Ovid, Seneca, Lucan, Petronius, Pliny the Elder, Martial, Juvenal, Tacit, Pliny the Younger). In an effort to reconstruct vestiges of an inevitably fragmented past, the author cuts data, details, literary forms and ideas through which she outlines the force of writing and the weaknesses of writers, much too close todecision-making centers, authoritarian principles and capricious principles of Rome.

Glaserian Grounded Theory and Straussian Grounded Theory: Two Standard Qualitative Research Approaches in Social Science

Author(s): Devajit Mohajan,Haradhan Kumar Mohajan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Grounded theory (GT) has appeared as a popular research approach in many branches of social science that acts for the well-being of society. It is an inductive methodology and focuses on the discovery of theory from data. Overtimes the original grounded theory of Barney Galland Glaser (1930-2022) and Anselm Leonard Strauss (1916-1996) has evolved, and two grounded theory variants: Glaserian grounded theory and Straussian grounded theory have emerged as qualitative approaches. When a novice qualitative researcher starts data collection on grounded theory; s/he cannot identify the differences between the two approaches. In this paper, some of the key differences and similarities between the two methods are illustrated. So, a confused researcher can easily select the desired grounded theory for his/her research version. In this study, an attempt has been taken to continue the grounded theory research smoothly when novice researchers face uncertainty during the research procedure.

Służebność humanistyki w obliczu jej kryzysu

Author(s): Szymon Trusewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2023

The article discusses selected diagnoses on the crisis in the humanities. It concentrates on systemic issues related to the critical assessment of the relevance of the humanities to market realities as well as critical approaches to the humanities within the field itself. The freqenutly addressed problems faced by the members of academia are substantiated by sociological research and essayistic autoethnography. Problems of autonomy and engagement of the humanities are discussed in the context of Justyna Tabaszewska’s concept of subservient humanities presented in the work Humanistyka służebna. Negocjowanie pola i budowanie autonomii w dobie kryzysu [Subservient humanities. Mediating the field and building autonomy in times of crisis].

KONIUNKTURALIZM EPISTEMICZNY, SPEKULACJE I SZABLONY POJĘCIOWE. KILKA WNIOSKÓW Z OPOWIEŚCI O MIEJSKIEJ „PODKLASIE”

Author(s): Loďc Wacquant / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Drawing on the Begriffsgeschichte of Reinhart Koselleck and the reflexive sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, my book The Invention of the “Underclass” draws a microhistory of the birth, diffusion, and demise of this racialized folk devil at the intersection of the academic field, the journalistic field, and the politics-policy-philanthropic field. This history illuminates the politics of knowledge about dispossessed and dishonored categories in the metropolis and suggests three notions that can help researchers parse the use and abuse of other social science constructs and thus practice better conceptual hygiene: lemming effects (illustrated by the wild rush to deploy “diaspora”), conceptual speculative bubble (as with “racial capitalism”), and turnkey problematics (such as the “resilient city” and the “creative city”). I discuss the factors that foster the development of epistemic bandwagons, speculation, and turnkeys, and specify the criteria that make for a robust concept in terms of semantics (clarity and neutrality), logics (coherence and type-specificity), and heuristics (empirical adequacy and theoretical productivity).

Civics education’s recovery in Czech secondary schools after 1989

Author(s): Zuzana Cieslarová / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2022

The article concerns the historical progress of the school subject called civics in secondary schools in the Czech Republic and its recovery and its scheme after 1989. It briefly refers to the important characteristics due to its transformation in the school curriculum during the socialism, and then, after 1990. Short part of the text is devoted to textbooks and former curriculum documents. The article also briefly presents the role of philosophy in the Czech curriculum in a civics context. The article is financed from the funds of the project "PROM – International scholarship exchange of doctoral students and academic staff" under the Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development, co- financed by the European Social Fund; project no. POWR.03.03.00-00-PN13/18.

Ideal type in sociological research

Author(s): Sandro Serpa / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2018

This opinion paper aims to offer a contribution on the use of the ideal type as a research strategy, with the purpose of adding to the discussion of the advantages, but also the limitations, difficulties, and challenges to the implementation of this methodological tool. In conclusion, there is the need to select some specific dimensions of the object, with relevance and rigorous justification, being careful to neither over-simplify reality, nor bring complexity to it, to the point that this concept becomes unintelligible and without heuristic ability.

STRATEGIE INTERDYSCYPLINARNE W SOCJOLOGII I HISTORII

Author(s): Agnieszka Kolasa-Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

This article analyses the issue of interdisciplinarity by examining the borders between sociology and history in Polish academia. From the perspective of the sociology of science, I reconstruct the current state of relations between these disciplines, attempts to cross borders and create research communities in areas such as historical sociology, oral history, women’s history. I describe the interdisciplinary strategies of sociologists and historians of the younger generation, and especially their practices of building scientific careers. what happens on the outskirts of scientific disciplines triggers processes essential to their identity and autonomy, and changes the relationships in the entire constellation of scientific fields. In Poland, sociology and history are closely related disciplines with a long tradition of mutual references, inspirations, and influences. To characterise their current state, I utilise the statements of sociologists and historians which I collected in 36 in-depth interviews.

MICHEL MAFFESOLI: BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONAL CRISIS AND SOFT TOTALITARIANISM, A LOOK AT TODAY'S FRANCE, BOTH CONFLICTUAL AND COMMUNITARIAN

Author(s): Laurent Tournois / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Sociologist, Professor, and, among other positions, holder of the “Emile Durkheim” chair at the Sorbonne, and director of the Center for Research on the Imaginary, Michel Maffesoli is an essential personality in the French academic-media landscape. Although he is often contested as a scientist, he nonetheless remains an enlightened observer of postmodernity and his socio-political analyzes on various themes linked to societal developments remain references with strong prophetic value, whatever his detractors may say. In his essay The era of uprisings (Maffesoli, 2021), he is a critical observer of the growing divorce between political-media elites and French citizens which is manifested by the multiplication of protest movements. This thesis leads us to go beyond conventional interpretations of poverty or inequalities in order to understand the extent of the civilizational crisis we are experiencing and the transition to after-modernity. The latter serves as a preamble to a denunciation of ‘soft totalitarianism’ and the rejection of human finitude which are rampant today in France since the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, and perhaps paradoxically, it fuels ‘the trial of utopian imagination’ (Wunenburger, 1978) while calling for the revival of a revolutionary spirit. This review essay aims at 1) putting the author's arguments into perspective with previous but also current works in order to gain impartiality, and 2) comparing the achievements of the work with socio-political aspects touched upon or even ignored, this which makes it possible to extend the political and social scope of the analysis.

DIFFERENCES IN PAIN PERCEPTION BETWEEN AMATEUR AND PROFESSIONAL MUAYTHAI FIGHTERS

Author(s): Jakub GWADERA,Dariusz MOSLER / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Muay Thai is a martial art that involves close combat, utilizing punches, elbows, knees, and kicks. The combat format is strictly full contact. The objective of this study is to show how training in Thai boxing influences the development of pain perceptionamong practitioners. The study group consists of 20 male athletes, aged at least 15, with a minimum of 6 months of training ex-perience. Measurement tools include a thermometer, blood pressure monitor, stopwatch, and a vessel with cold water. The researchmethods employed were the Modified Cuff Pressure Test and the Cold Pressor Test. The study found out that after a training session, the average pressure tolerance in the Modified Cuff Pressure Test increased, indicating a heightened pain perception. Specifically, the mean tolerance for arm pressure went from 255.0 mmHg before training to 270.3 mmHg after, and for leg pressure, it increased from 228.3 mmHg to 250.8 mmHg post-train-ing. In the Cold Pressor Test, pain perception remained unchanged, with no significant variation in tolerance observed before and after training units. Training in Thai boxing may lead to a partial increase in tolerance to physical pain, especially immediately after a training session

IN MEMORIAM TRAIAN ROTARIU, PROFESOR UNIVERSITAR EMERIT (12.02.1943 - 28.12.2021)

Author(s): Cristina Rat / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

Traian Rotariu, emeritus professor of Sociology at the Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj, passed away on the 28th of December 2021. He left behind an outstanding oeuvre in sociology, quantitative social research, and demography, as well as a legacy of institution-building that materialized in the creation of the Faculty of Sociology and Social Work at the Babeș-Bolyai University in 2001 and of the Centre for Population Studies, at the same university, in 2002. He served as editor and later as advisory board member of Studia Sociologia and the Romanian Journal of Population Studies.

Działalność zorganizowanych struktur przestępczych w obszarze fałszowania leków

Author(s): Ewelina Wojewoda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 62/2023

The falsification of medicine constitutes an extremely serious threat to public health in both developing and developed countries. The scale of the problem is proved by hugely disturbing media reports about the number of deaths, that have occurred as a result of inappropriate use of medicines, including the consumption of falsified drugs. The area of falsified medicines has been dominated by organized crime groups that operate on a massive scale. The aim of this article is to present pharmaceutical crime as a contemporary classic area of operation of organized criminal structures, as it allows criminals to make lucrative profits at low operating costs. Moreover, the specificity of falsified medicine means that the activities falling within its scope are very difficult to detect. Therefore it provides a relatively safe field for well-organized international criminal groups to commit numerous abuses.

A Critical Examination of Automation's Impact on Clinical Judgment and Ethical Care in Technological Dependency in Medicine

Author(s): Saleh Ali Saleh Alyami,Mohammed Fahad Alsaab,Bahtiar Saleh Abbas,Salman Fared Ali Alyami,Turki Abdullh Dafer Al Yami,Ahmad Sale M Mohmmed Al Dubais,Mohammad Hamad Mahdi Al Shahi,Saleh Hussain Ali Al Alshahi,Mushabbab Ali Mohammed Alsalem,Rakan Al Dunquwah / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2024

The use of technology in healthcare is revolutionizing clinical work and applications such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and integrations of robotic systems in diagnosing, managing patient data, and treating. Although technology is more accurate, accurate, timely, and economical, there is increased adoption of automation in medicine, and this comes with questions over rationality, ethical considerations, and the human element of treating patients. This paper provides a critical reflection on the impact of automation on clinical reasoning for ethical practice in the context of the growing technology healthcare. Through a review of the available literature and case profiles, this paper aims to explore the opportunities and risks associated with automation in the clinical context and the ethical concerns that arise. The work proves that reliance on technology needs to be closely managed to keep the focus on creating ethical, humane patient care.