INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION: IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILIES

Author(s): Luiza-Maria Dragomir / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2021

“The impact of social networks on families has been researched to see what negative and positive effects they have, and researchers are increasingly concerned that technology is diminishing family communication, leading to a decrease in unity and cohesion. Within the family, it can generate feelings of inattention, lack of communication and a feeling of insecurity and instability in relationships. Sherry Turkle, in her book Alone Together, talks about a study in which parents and children were asked about various aspects of technology. The results were amazing, the children reported that they felt that their parents were addicted to their phone or computer and expressed their desire for their parents to spend quality time and interact with them. This study shows the increasing dependence on social media in families and the need for more social interactions in the family. As human beings, we are social by nature and long to make connections in relationships. It can be said that we feel connected through social networks, but we lack the ability to hear and see verbal and nonverbal messages. Studies have shown that as parents increase their screen time, so do their children. Screen time in these studies included smartphones, televisions, computers, and video games. Children imitate what they are taught, and when parents use electronics while playing with their children, it has been found that children are more likely to engage in risky behaviors. This study is mainly theoretical, descriptive, we analyzed the impact of social media and the Internet on families based on studies, having as starting points several aspects of family life. Family relationships have been identified as a major theme in the analysis of the literature. There it has been suggested differently that the Internet is leading to a new level of "fragmentation" or that it is simply the latest in a series of changes that have reduced immediate contact within families. In this case, some authors have argued that the Internet replaces other distractions, such as watching TV. On the other hand, most of the literature predates access to portable devices with internet access (mostly mobile phones) and has considered only a small measure of the impact on family norms in societies that did not share the norms of more technologically advanced.

Образите на съюзника и врага за българския войник по време на Първата световна война

Author(s): Zhivko Lefterov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Bulgarian society’s efforts to achieve national unification culminated in the Bulgarian Kingdom joining the First World War in 1915 on the side of the Central Powers. In 1917, the military and political leaders of the country began to pay special attention to the Bulgarian army’s spirit and morale which influenced its resilience and willingness to fight the enemy for a prolonged period of time. For this reason, a Guidance was drafted on collecting specific data and information that played a decisive role in forming the army’s attitude. On the basis of this guidance, hundreds of reports and information from all parts of the army were submitted to the Headquarters of the Active Army. The article is devoted to a specific aspect of the content of this massive documentation, namely the information collected on the impressions and opinions of Bulgarian soldiers about the other people participating in the war – allies and enemies. Based on that, the „notion of the other“ – the result of both pre-war stereotypes and first-hand experience and observation – can be distinguished in a relatively clear manner. The dynamics in attitudes related to specific military and political events and their impact on the shaping of this image can also be distinguished and traced. The Bulgarian soldier outlined a number of positive and negative character traits in his allies and enemies. Available evidence reveal an indisputable link between the army’s spirit and the image of the ally and the enemy.

MANAGEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Corina Ana Borcoși / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2022

The complexity of global challenges and threats currently facing Romanian society and beyond leads to an increase in the importance of scientific research which, addressing these challenges, estimating threats and risks, can provide solutions to reduce the impact of these challenges, threats on citizens. In the midst of the crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, economies around the world are stimulating investment in research and development, which will contribute to: finding solutions (high-performance equipment, vaccines, drugs, etc.) to solve the medical situation, but also for development, reducing the economic effects of the restrictions imposed since the beginning of the pandemic until now. The vast majority of European countries also consider the field of research and development a priority due to the possibilities of attracting European funds. Scientific research produces scientific knowledge, positive knowledge, which is practically reliable knowledge, constituting values of general relevance. The social motivation to develop scientific research is that it develops the economy, technologies, leads to the well-being of the population. Through scientific instruction and education, we will have stability, social development. Science, by assimilating everything that is new, everything that is right, can create crisis management capabilities: economic, financial, social, etc. The Covid-19 pandemic generated the need for science, research, knowledge, showed how important education is and how important communication is. Fundamental research, done out of a desire to know, generates the knowledge we need to understand what is going on around us. This knowledge leads to the development of applications. The most important step in overcoming this pandemic is to develop the vaccine against COVID-19. It is important to note that researchers, the knowledge they possess, are accumulated over time. Although the vaccine is a new one, as is the disease, there is decades of research behind the production technology. The paper presents the current pandemic situation and highlights the role of scientific research management in finding solutions to overcome this crisis, and in training researchers and attracting funding for both theoretical and applied research.

NGOS AND GEOPOLITICS

Author(s): Mariana-Ana Bulmez / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

The future is defined, according to James Canton, a futurist in business, by five factors: speed, expressed by the dizzying pace of change in all fields; complexity, manifested by the assault of a multitude of “seemingly unrelated” forces with a direct effect on the world in which we live, “from lifestyle to work to national and personal security; the risk, not only for individuals but also for states, from terror and crime to "global economic reconfigurations", which will determine the reconfiguration of the entire individual and collective existence; the change, generated by the “radical transformations at work, in the community and at the level of relationships” that will force the individual to adapt to the new reality through radical changes of attitude and way of life; the unforeseen, materialized by the element of surprise, often difficult to imagine, sometimes with a positive effect, sometimes “a challenge for sensitivity and logic”. At present, states are no longer the only actors on the international relations scene. Material equipment for warfare is now widely available to private bodies, as is the means of financing non-state wars. We have a global world, based on transnational private companies, which do everything they can to be controlled as little as possible by even the strongest governments. Of course, the existence of corporations is not new, as is globalization, which has a long history. What differs today, and falls into the rivalry zone, generating tensions worldwide, is that transnational NGOs and companies compete with states. It is no secret that NGOs, humanitarian groups, media trusts, and not just governments, use the services of private contractors in various fields, including the military, as their revenues often exceed the GDP of states. The efforts of governments and international organizations to resolve any kind of confrontation peacefully can be supported by the work of NGOs, which are often seen as a collective conscience. Conflicts within states, often maintained and sustained by non-state competitors, have become more serious and can continue indefinitely, without a reliable prediction as to their consequences for the political and territorial development of the state.

Здравеопазване и икономика (Източно-европейски гледища)

Author(s): Petar Tzonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ESTABLISHING ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

Author(s): Melinda Izabela Achim / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30/2022

Organizational culture is an important aspect in the internal communication of an organization. Equally, public relations establish and maintain beneficial links between the organization's management and its employees. This paper aims to present some essential aspects of the role of public relations in establishing a culture in an organization: culture seen as a system of values, symbols and behavioral norms. All this adds up to what specialists call organizational culture.

MATERNITY AND CHILD BIRTH: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES AND FEMALE EXPERIENCES

Author(s): Luiza-Maria Dragomir / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30/2022

Numerous articles and publications have focused on the ideal body, illustrated women who were thin and how they manage to stay in shape. I consider it necessary to approach the way in which the pregnant woman perceives the experiences of motherhood and birth. The topicality of the theme derives from the fact that: during and after pregnancy women experience major and obvious physical changes that may affect the way their body looks during pregnancy or in the future. Body image refers to feelings, attitudes and evaluations of one's body, which relate to both perceptions of the whole body and perceptions of specific areas of the body. A negative body image should be of particular interest especially during pregnancy, as it can be associated with a number of negative outcomes, such as increased risk of postnatal depression and decreased perception of general well-being. Women who have a negative body image during pregnancy and after giving birth are also more likely to have an unhealthy diet and smoke during pregnancy, which can cause health risks for both mother and baby. Childbirth is a significant event in a woman's life and a transition to motherhood. Birth experiences are subjective psychological processes influenced by social and environmental factors. Birth experiences cause uncertainty about what lies ahead in motherhood. The pain felt when going into labor has been viewed as a "well-kept secret" whose true reality cannot be explained because it often causes fear and emotional turmoil. This chapter will begin by describing the development of attachment theory as proposed by Bowlby between 1969 and 1982 and Ainsworth in 1967. Over 50 years of attachment research they have continued to build on the theoretical behavioral system originally proposed by Bowlby, as well as Ainsworth's contribution on behavioral correlates.

Коментар от общинското здравеопазване (По материали от списание “Социална медицина: 1993-2019)

Author(s): Petar Tzonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

An unpublished material of Assoc. Petar Tzonov, is presented. The material has been prepared in relation to the scientific and practical conference “For better health at the local level”, held in the town of Pleven on May 16, 2019, as a joint initiative of the Municipality of Pleven and the Bulgarian Association of Public Health within the framework of the First European Public Health Week (13-17 May 2019), organized by the European Public Health Association.

PROFESSIONAL SATISFACTION OF ANAESTHESIA AND INTENSIVE CARE RESIDENT PHYSICIANS IN PANDEMIC ERA - PSYCHO-ORGANIZATIONAL APPROACH

Author(s): Maria Dorina Paşca,Ioan Pastor,Adriana Pană / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2022

Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (AIC) Unit faced a large number of patients, and for the front-line physicians of this unit, the newly created situation meant a big challenge. Objective: The aim was to assess the professional satisfaction of the resident physicians who worked in AIC unit, during the COVID-19 pandemic, from a psychological and organizational perspective. Material and methods: We performed an observational study in 2022, between the 21st of January and the 25th of March, based on anonymous structured questionnaire that included 30 questions analyzing multiple aspects of the professional satisfaction of 126 Romanian AIC resident physicians, in the context of the pandemic period. The questionnaire was distributed on various online platforms. Data was processed with Excel Microsoft and analyzed with GraphPad. Results: The gender distribution, male-to-female ratio, was 1.63/1 (78 males) with the sample mean age of 30.01 years old (range 24 - 45 years). Burn-out was reported by 90.48% of respondents, while 86,51% of subjects were not satisfied with their income, and, at the same time, 69.05% were aware and informed about the occupational hazards. The good relation with the work’s colleagues was mentioned by 65.08% of physicians. Single status has been stated by 32.54% of respondents.14.29% of subjects reported contemplating suicide or having ruminative thoughts. Conclusions: Burn-out and salary dissatisfaction prevail among a significant proportion of Anesthesia and Intensive Care resident physicians. Furthermore, extended research and implementation of psycho-socio-economic programs and legislative measures to improve working conditions in the field of healthcare are imperative.

FROM BODY MEMORY. A CULTURAL - COMPARATIVE READING OF THE FAT/ BREAD MARRIAGE

Author(s): Gabriela Mariana Luca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2022

We are the species that invented articulate language, projection into the imaginary, the story. We grow up and hang out with words. We say that a picture is worth more than a thousand words precisely because the imagination of each of us can create an infinity of stories. The red thread of the story itself becomes an identity brand. Learning to tell ourselves, but to listen to the stories of others, is the background fabric of any communication process. Thus, the doctor-patient relationship can be a model of how we use narrative in professional communication. "Reading" a patient's body involves understanding their "history". In other words, it presupposes at least a gesture of deciphering an entire archeology of being. Our project, which spans several years, is one that includes several branches related to the human body and of how, by word, through a shared story, we nourish the physical and symbolic body, creating connections between different cultures and a better understanding of the comparative models of representation of the body. This work — a fragment of the cited research — brings to attention the importance of training the cultural skills of the future doctor ready to practice in a world of fast-forward communication, open and subject to cutting-edge technology and in which the need for dialogue, confidence and closeness has become more than acute. The example we invoke, the cultural-comparative reading of the human body under two universal symbolic coordinates: fat and bread, one of those used in our anthropological practice, is based on the model proposed by Gunther D. Domenig. According to this, CCT (the cross- cultural competences), the doctor's ability to understand each person according to the norms of the cultural system in which he was born is built through: reflection, reflection in the context of accumulated personal experience and narrative empathy.

HOW COMMUNICATION PATTERNS IN DENTAL PRACTICE HAVE BEEN RE-SHAPED IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE PANDEMIC

Author(s): Laura Ioana Leon / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

The importance of doctor-patient communication has been well established in healthcare settings. However, the COVID-19 pandemic might have brought some new challenges to the doctor-patient communication and relationship by and large. Besides the fact that, at least for a while, in the beginning of the pandemic, the communication process took place mostly in the online medium, the whole new context has added new challenges to the doctor-patient interaction. Patients have become more anxious and nervous before a consultation and therefore the whole communication process had to be reshaped. This paper is going to address some of the major issues that have been brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in terms of developing the doctor-patient communication and the actual building of the relationship. The level of patients’ anxiety has increased and the doctors’ communication skills had to be rethought in order to respond to the patients’ present-day needs. This mainly has in view trying to find ways to reduce patients’ anxiety, the tendency to transfer the communication process in the online medium, and overcoming all the barriers that might affect the doctor-patient dialogue in the long run.

THE RELEVANCE OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH IN SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE AND RESEARCH

Author(s): Anastasia Oceretnîi,Stela Milicenco / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

The integration of the human rights-based approach is one of the actions that are carried out both in the professional training of social workers, as well as research and practice in the field of social work. The intervention of social workers from the perspective of human rights involves a series of advantages at the individual and societal levels. The article analyzes the issues investigated at the international level that reflect the concern about the relationship between social work and human rights. Some aspects of integration of new approach in professional training of social worker in the Republic of Moldova are presented in the article.

EXILE IN PRE-PANDEMIC AND PANDEMIC TIMES

Author(s): Alice Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

The present article tries to investigate the concept of “exile” throughout modernity, late modernity, and during the Covid - 19 pandemic in 2020. Both literary and sociological perspectives are considered, a special attention being given to the works of Edward Said, Alexis Nouss, Marc Augé, and Zygmunt Baumann. In the second part, the study aims to briefly identify the possible new meanings of “exile” that the coronavirus lockdown brought into our lives, with reference to “Jurnalul pandemiei” (“Plague Diary”), published by the well-known Portuguese writer Gonçalo M. Tavares in 2022.

THE TV PEASANT, THE NEW FASHION PEASANT AND THE INFORMATIVE PEASANT

Author(s): Andreea Heisu (Bucică) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

It is certainly a challenge to identify the social types involved in the cultural transmission process, that is why I "lean" upon "the profile" of the transmitters, upon the ones who carry on the cultural transmission elements, respectively: 1. The ones who simply live in a so-called "traditional" community and they are traditional by doing it. 2. The ones who cultivate the tradition emphatically and consciously, and who undertake this role consciously, taking it seriously in their capacity as culture transmitters. By identifying and analyzing the social types involved in the cultural transmission process, it is easy to explain the syncopes, the rupture moments in the perpetuation of cultural schemes. They can be better analyzed when they are put into practice. Social types are updated in certain social contexts and then become visible and analyzable. They do not always exist, they are updated with more authority in their circumstantial identity, when the context requires it, so they will also generate situational typologies.

QUALITY OF LIFE OF INSTITUTIONALIZED TEENAGERS WITH MENTAL DEFICIENCY. A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Adriana Ciobanu,Mihaela Tănăsoiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

This article aims to theoretically analyze the quality of life of institutionalized teenagers with intellectual disabilities. By examining existing literature and relevant theories, the article provides a deeper understanding of this issue and suggests directions for future research and practice. Quality of life (QoL) has become a central theme in psychological research on people with intellectual disabilities. This article reviews the existing literature on quality of life in institutionalized youth with intellectual disabilities, focusing on indicators of physical, emotional, and social well-being.

THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE SCHEMES ON THE WELL-BEING OF THE ELDERLY

Author(s): Angela POTÂNG,Monica Andreea Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

Psychological well-being and cognitive schemas are two interconnected concepts in the field of psychology. Cognitive schemas are mental structures or thought patterns being developed in order to organize and interpret information from the environment. These cognitive schemas are essential for processing information, making decisions, and understanding the world. Positive self-reflection and awareness of our thinking can contribute to improve well-being. By identifying and replacing negative or dysfunctional thoughts with healthier and more realistic thoughts, individuals can improve their attitude and overall well-being. Cognitive schemas play a significant role in the way people think, feel, and behave, and how they relate to these cognitive schemas can influence their psychological well-being. Awareness and improvement of dysfunctional cognitive schemas can be an important aspect of well-being and mental health.

SOCIAL DYNAMICS AND ROMANTIC PURSUITS IN JANE AUSTEN’S EMMA: EXPLORING STATUS, COMPETITION, PRIVACY AND MARRIAGES

Author(s): Gina-Geta Fojica-Chiroiu / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2023

In Jane Austen’s Emma, social status plays a significant role in the characters’ lives, particularly for the protagonist, Emma Woodhouse. Emma, a wealthy and privileged young woman, believes that no man is worthy of her hand in marriage due to her high social standing. Meanwhile, Harriet Smith and Jane Fairfax, both lacking in social status and fortune, face limited marriage prospects. Emma, influenced by her own vanity, attempts to shape Harriet’s destiny by discouraging her from accepting a proposal from a suitable farmer, Mr. Martin, and instead encouraging her to pursue a match with the respected but uninterested Mr. Elton. Emma’s misguided meddling continues as Harriet develops feelings for Emma’s close friend, Mr. Knightley, whom Emma believes is far above Harriet’s social station. In contrast, Jane Fairfax, despite her lack of fortune, is highly accomplished and educated, making her a potential match for higher social status. Ultimately, Austen pairs Harriet with Mr. Martin, the most suitable partner for her, and rewards Jane’s intelligence and accomplishments by uniting her with Frank Churchill, a man of similar social standing. Throughout the novel, competition arises among the female characters, driven by Emma’s vanity and desire for control. However, these competitions serve a purpose, leading Emma to confront her true feelings for Mr. Knightley and ultimately find her own happiness. This article also explores the influence of privacy and courtship rules in the novel which represent a mirror for the social interactions in the eighteen century. The characters’ visits and social gatherings reveal levels of intimacy and attachment. Misunderstandings arise due to the characters’ inability to express their feelings openly. The novel features six marriages, some successful and others influenced by social status or misguided matchmaking attempts. Ultimately, the story highlights the importance of genuine love, social conventions, and clear communication in relationships.

RISKY DRIVING BEHAVIOR: IMPORTANCE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION PROGRAMS IN REDUCING DANGEROUS BEHAVIOR ON THE ROAD

Author(s): Felicia Haidu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

The impact of risky driving includes accidents resulting in injuries, loss of life, and economic costs. Various interventions, such as public awareness campaigns, education, law enforcement, and technological measures, have been implemented to address this issue. However, the effectiveness of these interventions may vary, and a comprehensive approach that includes emotional and cognitive education is needed. The study emphasizes the relevance of addressing and resolving dangerous driving behaviors to prevent accidents and their consequences, through psychosocial intervention programs. The program's objectives included reducing aggression in traffic, improving self-control and conflict management skills, and increasing awareness of aggressive driving behaviors. The program involved a group of 100 participants selected based on their high levels of aggressive driving behavior. The intervention program was found to significantly reduce risky driving behavior, as evidenced by posttest comparisons using ANCOVA. The results suggested that the intervention had a positive impact on the experimental group, leading to lower levels of risky driving behavior. These findings emphasize the importance of intervention programs in promoting safer driving and reducing risks on the road.

Model uzależnienia w rozumieniu filozofii grup samopomocowych aterapia poznawczo-behawioralna w leczeniu napadowego objadania się

Author(s): Robert Opora / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

Addictions may appear in many normal and even everyday human behaviors. Mechanisms typical of addiction can also be seen in other disorders identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5): binge eating, for example. The article points out the similarities between the symptoms of binge eating and addiction to psychoactive substances. The traditional understanding of addiction is adopted, referring to the philosophy of self-help groups and the strategic and structural concept. Next, the differences between these disorders are discussed. The article then presents the differences between the adopted model of addiction and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of binge eating. Reference is also made to research on the mechanisms underlying the disorder. Subsequently, based on the described differences, the implications for therapy in people with binge eating disorder are presented. These differences primarily concern cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects. For the purposes of the article, the diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder and for alcohol use disorders presented in the DSM-5 are used. In addition, an analysis of the literature on the subject was carried out and the collected information was supplemented with observations from the author’s clinical practice.

Dziergowice i Kuźnia Raciborska na tle innych wsi powiatów kozielskiego i raciborskiego w okresie powstań śląskich i plebiscytu w świetle nowych źródeł archiwalnych

Author(s): Paweł Parys / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2018

The author of the following work based his considerations on documents from the collections of the “Upper Silesian Uprisings” and “Silesian Uprisings” from the resources of the Central Military Archives and the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America based in New York. They focus on the inhabitants of Dziergowice (Kędzierzyn-Koźle County) and Kuźnia Raciborska (Racibórz County) that took part in the Third Silesian Uprising. The investigated documents deal with issues related to age, professions and the involvement of some families in the pro-Polish activities. Furthermore, the article also discusses locals supporting Germany. The whole is closed by the personal register of insurgents, as well as the membersof the Upper Silesia Heimat Patriots (German: Heimattreue Oberschlesier) and Stormtroops (German: Stosstruppen) from the aforementioned towns.