Językowa kreacja rodziny żydowskiej w powieści Meir Ezofowicz Elizy Orzeszkowej

Author(s): Elżbieta Skorupska-Raczyńska / Language(s): Issue: 14/2015

In her novel, Meir Ezofowicz, the author provides an insight into the social and cultural reality of a Jewish borderland town in the second half of the 19th century. The four Jewish families featured in the novel come from diverse cultural, socio-economic, and religious backgrounds. The linguistic images created by Orzeszkowa reflect the stereotypical perception of reality, and, at the same time, condemn all anti-social behaviour, including that observed within the Jewish diaspora community.

Интервю с Деян Деянов

Author(s): Deyan Deyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/2/2015

Deyan Deyanov is Chairman of the International Directors’ Board of the Institute for Critical Social Studies at Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”. At the same university, he teaches Formal and Philosophical Logics, Logics and Methodology of Human Sciences, Classical and Non-Classical Rationalism, Introduction to Socio-Analysis, Historical Sociology of Economics, and others. He is the author of Introduction in Logics and Methodology of Human Sciences: Human Sciences after the “Death of Man”(2001; in Bulg.). He is the former Director of the Institute for Critical Social Studies and former Editor-in-Chief of Critique and Humanism journal.

Spencerova filozofija individualne slobode

Author(s): Marko Dokić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/137/2015

The author analyzes Spencer’s philosophy of individual freedom through criticism of socialism and social Darwinian defense of laissez-faire economics and the core values of classical liberalism. His social Darwinian thought is characterized by organicism and evolutionism, since at that time sociology was closely associated with biology. Spencer’s political philosophy is inserted into social Darwinian framework, which enables him to defend free market and individual freedom and criticise socialist tendencies in a time of increasing faith in the necessity of government intervention. The subject of particular interest is the law of equal freedom (formula of justice), which is the cornerstone of Spencer’s minimal state. Finally, the structure of Spencer’s political philosophy, with all its strengths and weaknesses, is concisely presented.

Opresyjna lub porządkująca funkcja prawa. Karla Poppera i Erica Voegelina interpretacja Platońskiego projektu polis

Author(s): Marcin Sobczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2016

According to Karl Popper, Plato’s project of an „ideal” organization polis is anti-democratic, totalitarian and racist, and the law on which it is based, is inherently tyrannical, oppressive and diminishing the dignity and freedom of the citizens. On the other hand, according to Eric Voegelin, the same project is therapeutic in its nature – it is an upbringing measure, which aims to restore order, the spiritual unity of polis and provide the citizens with happiness. In my paper, I draw attention to the facts that allow to compare the proposals of both researchers: first of all that both find in the philosophy of Plato the „diagnostic” dimension and that they also see the need for therapy. Basically, however, they differ when it comes to its concretization. In the further part of the article I am pointing to the presumptions, the adoption of which led to the formulation of such extreme opinions. Therefore, I show the assumptions that influenced the fact that Popper saw in Plato tyrannical legislator and Voegelin someone who heals the spiritual condition of polis.

Coincidence, Probability, Cognitive Error

Author(s): Krzysztof Szymanek / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2016

A lot has been written about coincidence, including research into the probabilistic, methodological, psychological and philosophical aspects of coincidence. This paper presents some aspects of the role of coincidence in the human cognitive system, focusing in particular on probabilistic reasoning and logical and methodological errors in reasoning, associated with the perception and interpretation of coincidence. Due to the nature of things, it is not possible to omit the areas of research mentioned above.

Urodzenia pozamałżeńskie w parafii św. Mikołaja w Łące w latach 1664–1914

Author(s): Ewa M. Ryguła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article presents extramarital births in the Roman-Catholic Parish in Łąka, in the Land of Pless, in Upper Silesia. The research has been based on the existing parish registers of baptism for the years 1664–1914. In that period 839 extramarital children were born in the parish, which is 7.6% of all the births. Of those 839 children 15 were stillborn babies, which means that there were 824 baptised extramarital children. The parish registers do not contain any information on the fathers and the data concerning the social, professional and territorial background of the mothers are rather poor. The most extramarital births used to occur in Autumn and Winter (54.5%), especially in January and February (conceived in April and May). The least extramarital births used to occur in June, August and November (conceived in Autumn and Winter). Most of the extramarital children were baptised on the first day after their birth (42%). On the very day of their birth 17.8% kids were baptised. 89.9% of the extramarital children – as in the case of the rest of the kids – were presented for baptism by a woman and a man. Only 10% infants were presented to baptism by one person, usually a woman. The above presented questions have been drawn up thanks to the aggregative method. The number of extramarital births in a rural parish is surprisingly high in comparison to others within the Regierungsbezirk Oppeln. The seasonal character of extramarital births did not differ from the seasonal character of the births of other children. And neither did the procedures of baptism in the two groups.

Spisy Komisji Porządkowej Cywilno-Wojskowej Województwa Krakowskiego jako źródło do badań demograficznych – przykład powiatu proszowickiego

Author(s): Ewa Kaźmierczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article deals with the question of using the censuses carried out by the Civilian-Military Order Commission of the Cracow Voivodeship as a source for demographic research exemplified by the Proszowice County. The censuses were conducted in the years 1790–1792 and were not tax character, hence they are commonly considered to be more precise and reliable than the ones conducted earlier. The article presents the specific character of the sources of that kind and the resulting difficulties such as passing over part of the population, terminological complexities, unclear division into households. A lot of attention has been paid to the assessment of the credibility of historical sources, with such indicators as the percentage of the youngest children and old people in the population or the male sex ratio in newborn babies. The analyses of age heaping has been carried out with the use of the of Whipple’s and Myers’ indexes. The conclusions indicate that the censuses – especially in the parts concerning age analysis – turn out to be a problematic sources, yet some of their short comings might be overcome when appropriate statistical methods have been applied. Frequent age heaping is not decisive factors in the credibility of the census; what should be decisive is the analysis of the whole – the amount of the information in the census, diligence and accuracy, and compatibility with other sources, e.g. the Poniatowski census of 1787.

O możliwości wykorzystania regresji LOESS w analizie szeregów czasowych

Author(s): Radosław Poniat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article presents the statistical method known as the LOESS Regression and a possibility of its application in the analysis of time series. The advantages of the methodhave been compared to the alternative techniques: the central moving average and the linear regression to calculate the trends in time. The final part of the article contains the instruction of how to calculate the LOESS Regression in the R program with the package ggplot2.

Spis ludności parafii Konopnica z 1760 roku

Author(s): Piotr Rachwał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The Parish in Konopnica was created in the first half of the 15th century. Before the partitions of Poland it belonged to the Cracow diocese, and in 1805 it became part of theLublin diocese, which had just been set up. The presented census of the congregation of 1760 is a list of the people authorised to the Easter confession. The statistical data aresituated in the oldest existing death register, which takes up six pages. In total, there are 1393 people mentioned. The form is homogeneous. Each item is numbered, which isfollowed by the first name and surname of the head of the family, other members of the family, and finally the number of all the members of the household. What is missing isthe age of the people and the numbers of the houses.

Boris Mironov, The Standard of Living and Revolutions in Russia. 1700–1917, Oxon: Routledge 2012, ss. 668

Author(s): Radosław Poniat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Sprawozdanie z posiedzeń Zespołu Demografii Historycznej Komitetu Nauk Demograficznych PAN w 2015 roku

Author(s): Piotr Rachwał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Kryzysy demograficzne w Małopolsce w końcu XVII i pierwszej połowie XVIII wieku. Zarys problematyki

Author(s): Piotr Miodunka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The article deals with demographic questions on the basis of baptism (birth) registers from eleven parishes situated in various parts of Southern Lesser Poland. A special attention has been paid to the periods when in all the analysed parishes there was a sharp and substantial decrease in births. Thus, two major crises (1714–1715 and 1735–1736) and a few milder ones (1675, 1691, 1694, 1699–1700, 1709–1710, 1732 and 1746) have been identified. A detailed quarterly observation of fecundations during the selected three crises (the first half of the 1690s, 1714–1715, and 1736–1736) juxtaposed with the quarterly prices of rye, oats, buckwheat, and peas from Cracow and Warsaw prove that they were food crises. It has been confirmed by narrative sources, which mention a severe famine in 1714–1715 and 1736–1736. Those years of famine coincided with the years when the quantity of corn sent to Gdańsk was at the lowest level in the first half of the 18th century.

Łukasz Jewuła, Galicyjskie miasta i miasteczka oraz ich mieszkańcy w latach 1772–1848, Kraków 2013, ss. 273

Author(s): Radosław Poniat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Zrod výskumu verejnej mienky na Slovensku: inštitucionálne a politické súvislosti

Author(s): Miroslav Tížik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2022

In the history of Slovakia, before 1990, there were more of workplaces that carried out sample surveys on a representative sample of the Slovak population. From the first post-war years they focused on one of the key components of such research – public opinion research. Almost the entire history of public opinion research in Slovakia is connected with the workplaces belonging to the state authorities. The study is devoted to the description of the existence of the first institution for public opinion research in Slovakia – The Institute for Public Opinion Research, which existed as a department under the Commissionership of Information in Bratislava in 1947 – 1950. In describing the circumstances of its establishment, it also indicates the background of the establishment of the Czechoslovak Institute for Public Opinion Research, operating under the Ministry of Information in Prague between 1946 and 1950.

Philosophical Aspects of the Concept “Quality of Life”

Author(s): Bogdana Todorova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Nowadays, the problem with the quality of life concept is in the center of attention for all who want not only to model the best society at the theoretical level, but also to ensure the positive development of modern society. At the same time, there are several certain qualities of life, but there is no consensus on what its basic characteristics are. Philosophical approach is very important when assessing quality of life, as it presupposes a thorough qualitative study of its individual aspects. The report explores the cultural dimension of the phenomenon quality of life in modern society and the cultural environment as a factor in improving the quality of life of people. As a methodology, activity approach to culture and a system-functional analysis, are used. As a philosophical category, quality carries a great spiritual potential and should be considered as a value characteristic of the person and society. The construction of “common values” plays an important role in citizens’ participation in democratic life. It is impossible to develop adequate indicators of the quality of life, if the cultural component of the quality of life is ignored.

The Mechanical and the Spiritual Body – The Age of Resurrectionists

Author(s): Roxana Elena Doncu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

In the 18th and 19th century, when modern medicine was undergoing rapid development and institutionalization, there was a 'shortage' of anatomical subjects for dissection. Although in 1752 the British Parliament passed The Murder Act, which allowed judges to replace the public display of executed criminals with dissection, the number of executed criminals was small in comparison with the rising learning needs of medical schools, so many anatomists and medical students resorted to body snatching. Popular rage made them soon leave the job to professional 'body-snatchers' and 'resurrectionists', who were paid in order to procure bodies for dissection. A scandal broke out with the discovery, in Edinburgh, that William Burke and William Hare had murdered 16 people in order to sell their bodies to the famous anatomist Robert Knox. The paper discusses clashing attitudes to dissection (those of the anatomists, surgeons, medical students, on one side, and of the ordinary masses, on the other side) that were reflected both in popular culture and in literature (in particular in Robert Louis Stevenson's story "The Body Snatcher").

K socialismu s humorem: Analýza satirických obrázků Rudého práva a Svobodného slova ve volebním klání roku 1946

Author(s): Pavel Pešek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2024

The study presents an analysis of satirical images published during the election campaign in May 1946. Both the National Socialists and the Communists addressed their readers in their party newspapers with humorous images that not only illustrated the main ideas of the political subjects, but also became an important part of the electoral contest. The images mocked current events and political actors in an ironic way and engaged readers directly in the campaign. The party newspapers were not restrained about attacking their opponents and associating them with the tragic events of the Second World War. The objective of the study was to subject the images to a discursive and comparative analysis and to ascertain whether there were similarities in the published drawings during the election campaign that could assist in comprehending the manner in which political communication was conducted at the time.

The terrible within the peaceful: Christoph Ransmayr’s Morbus Kitahara

Author(s): Magdalena Mühlböck / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Christoph Ransmayr’s Morbus Kitahara (1995; translated as The Dog King, 1997) tells the story of deconstruction, destruction, and despair in a world of eternal peace. The three protagonists Ambras, Bering, and Lily move through a post-apocalyptic landscape where they are constantly reminded of an unnamed past catastrophe and a past war. Despite their attempts to leave their generational guilt behind, the darkness of history catches up with them. This article analyzes how the novel addresses the protagonist’s mental and corporeal struggle for survival alongside its gloomy outlook on the prospect of globally enforced eternal peace. However, eternal peace is an ambigous concept and refers to a narrative of oppression in a postapocalyptic world.

LEGITIMATION CRISIS OF CAPITALISM IN ROMANIA: SOCIAL DYNAMICS AND IDEOLOGIZED KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION

Author(s): Sorin Gog / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This paper aims to investigate the discrepancy between the disaffected public perception of capitalism in Romania, as it emerges from past and current sociological survey data, and the construction of Romanian society as a social totality within mass media, the political sphere, and the social sciences. My argument is that these three spaces of knowledge production function according to ideologized criteria meant to stabilize capitalism in Romania and generate a distorted framework of understanding past and current social dynamics.

L’ORGANISATION DU TRAVAIL DU PARLEMENT BULGARE EN TEMPS DE COVID-19

Author(s): Aleksandar TSEKOV / Language(s): French Issue: 23/2021

Depuis plus d’un an maintenant, il est difficile de trouver un domaine de la vie, dans n’importe quelle partie du monde, qui ne serait pas affecté par la Covid-19. Les activités du Parlement bulgare ne font pas exception. Aux termes de l’article 1 alin. de la Constitution, la Bulgarie est une République parlementaire. La loi fondamentale attribue à l’Assemblée nationale l’exercice de l’activité législative et du contrôle parlementaire, le noyau du régime parlementaire. Lе constituant, conscient du fait qu’en cas de circonstances exceptionnelles, la nécessité d’un Parlement opérationnel est particulièrement évidente, a prévu qu’en « cas de guerre, d’état de siège ou en présence d’autres circonstances exceptionnelles survenues au cours ou après l’expiration du mandat de l’Assemblée nationale, son mandat est prorogé jusqu’à la disparition de ces circonstances » (art. 64, alin. 2)