"A vallási élet elemi formái"-tól "A média rítusai"-ig: durkheimi fogalmak a kommunikációelméletben

Author(s): Eszter Bartha / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 18/2012

The essay gives a critical review of The Rituals of the Media by Lajos Császi. It seeks to showhow the Durkheimian sociology of religion can be applied to the modern communicationtheory and what perspectives such a combination can store for sociology. The mediahas a significant impact on the formation of public opinion; therefore, its rituals deservea special attention. However, the opinion forming power of the media depends on thesocial structure and the movement of the masses. Today even ordinary people can broadcastInternet TV-programmes and we have not even mentioned the technical possibilitiesoffered by the various social network sites. It is not only the technical competence, whichdetermines whether a given opinion will remain embedded in a narrow subculture or itsucceeds to move the masses, which was a well-loved catchword of the 20th century

"I do not change principles" – Sociology and social policy in Hungary through Zsuzsa Ferge's life

Author(s): Boglárka Herke / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

20 години специалност Философия във ВТУ „Св. св. Кирил и Методий”

Author(s): Vihren Bouzov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2014

The course of training in philosophy has been opened in 1992–93 year. Now it has full term accreditation for 6 years and it is on the 2th place in the national ranking of specialties. 14 young doctors in Philosophy graduated in Veliko Turnovo. Our Faculty has been accepted as national and international center of philosophical researches and education.

A CHARACTERISING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERNITY AND SOCIOLOGY: THE UNDERSTANDINGS OF SECULARISATION, URBANISATION, AND SOLIDARITY

Author(s): Baris ÇAGIRKAN / Language(s): English / Issue: 41/2019

This paper aims to characterise the relationship between modernity and sociology in the context of secularisation, urbanisation and solidarity. The emergence of sociology as a discipline has been connected with the emergence of modernity. While modernity emphasises a different society and social structure, sociology has become the most critical part of this interpretation and its attempt to understand and explain. The study aims to explain the strong relationship between the basis of modernity and sociology by examining the work of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber which are one of the first studies to understand the new society understanding of modernism. The differences of modernity caused the social actors to be in doubt about themselves, and ontological insecurity emerged in this context. Some of the ideas have developed by sociologists about social change process will be examined in this context. Durkheim and Weber focus on the study of social order, change and social relations, which is a significant concern showing two basic methodological and theoretical ideas in the sociology tradition. Weber and Durkheim's optimistic and pessimistic attitude towards social change will be questioned in the conclusion section.

A Conceptual History of Political Regimes: Democracy, Dictatorship, and Authoritarianism

Author(s): Adam Przeworski / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The labels we attach today to distinguish political regimes have histories. Applying them without understanding these histories is sometimes anachronistic and ethnocentric. I have little new to say about “democracy” and “dictatorship”, so that the discussion of these concepts is just a reminder. “Authoritarianism”, however, is a dubious neologism. I advance two claims: (1) In all regimes the power to command and be obeyed entails some dose of reason-giving, (2) What distinguishes regimes is the form and the extent to which the authority of rulers is monopolised by physical force. I conclude that the concept of “authoritarianism” adds little to the distinction between democracy and dictatorship.

A kritikai és emancipációs diskurzusok megújulásáról

Author(s): Margit Feischmidt / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

The article examines the current state of two critical and emancipatory discourses in social sciences: multiculturalism and feminism. Similar and divergent elements of their theoretical position are investigated with a special emphasis on famous debates among their representatives. The limits of the East-European adaptation of multiculturalism and feminism alike are highlighted, whereas the social and political reasons of the current counter-ideologies (the “backlash multiculturalism” and the “anti-genderism”) are also revealed in the paper.

A MAP OF SOCIOLOGY

Author(s): ?tefan Buzarnescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Starting from the hypothesis that, if sociology is an epistemic image of a socially evolving reality, then sociology logically finds itself in the constant redefinition of its explanatory fundamentals (Buzărnescu, 2007), the question "are still valid its traditional concepts in the understanding of contemporary realities, completely changed?" appears perfectly legitimate. In addition, the offensive pragmatism, which is specific to our days, frequently brings to question the place and role of the sociological approach in the area of decision-making bodies, increasingly vulnerable to various journalistic and political projects, either failed (the Soviet experiment, for example), or controversial nihilism (globalism). With the stated intention to bring praxiological testimonies on the current status of sociology as a discipline of study, institution and profession, I propose a map of sociology inspired by the map of the chemical elements in the Mendeleev table similar to the map of logic proposed by Petre Botezatu in the year 1972.

About another kind of sociology. Ernest Bernea and the cultural and spiritual depths of the Romanians

Author(s): Cristina Gavriluta / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

The text brings to the attention an iconic figure of the Romanian culture which is claimed not only by sociologists (as a representative of Gusti School), but also by ethnologists and philosophers. In essence, Ernest Bernea, through all his concerns, comes into light as a complex intellectual, who offers a refined humanist social research from his cultural and spiritual data. His sociological approach is based on ethnographic information and on a solid intellectual background. There is an obvious and visible influence of M. Heidegger, N. Ionescu, M. Mauss, and E. Durkheim. Issues of time, space and causality, that of law and order and the crisis of modern worlds represent the main directions of his concerns that we have analyzed taking into account the views of other Romanian authors with similar concerns. In this regard, E. Cioran, N. Noica, T. Maiorescu, L. Blaga, S. Afloroaei have been reading filters of Barnea’s work. It remains a landmark in the sociological literature and a model in the sociological approach of reality.

About negative globalisation – Zygmunt Bauman

Author(s): Braco Kovacevic / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2018

The value theoretical relation to globalisation is diametrically opposite - positive or negative. Neoliberal globalisation apologists seek to highlight its positive characteristics, while its critics point to a whole series of negative characteristics. This other theoretical orientation belongs to Zygmunt Bauman. His attitude towards globalisation is highly negative: in itself, globalisation carries a number of negative risks, of which the most difficult is the one that leads to the possible self-destruction of humanity. Therefore, he decisively stated that if we do not develop the perception of planetary responsibility and the ability to foresee the future, cataclysm is quite certain and real.

About reform in the work of Ștefan Zeletin

Author(s): Mihaela Radoi / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Ştefan Zeletin (1882- 1934) – a philosopher, an economist and a sociologist – is one of the household names of Romanian interwar liberalism. He graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy and Classical Philology in Iaşi, and in 1914 he defended his doctoral thesis (and was granted magna cum laude) at the University of Berlin. After finalizing his studies, Zeletin taught at the University of Iaşi. Concerning his work, Ştefan Zeletin did not have the same attitude towards the two aspects of his thought: philosophy and sociology. He considered himself a philosopher who failed to complete his system of thought only because of the tough circumstances. Persuaded that there is an organic connection – yet to be discovered – between the economic life of a country, on one hand, and the political, legal and cultural institutions, on the other, (Claudian 1935) Ștefan Zeletin began his sociological writings, which marked the political and cultural life of those times. The sociological and political works, which had made him known in several settings, were viewed by Zeletin as an episode within his activity, which he would have wanted to be focused on purely philosophical works. The author explains the approach to the practical aspects of social reality by the fact that he was determined to attend various events, which he felt the need to understand. An event that marked him deeply was the War of 1916-1918, to which he took part as an infantry officer; this event drew him closer to the often-disappointing reality of the Romanian society in an ongoing process of construction. “Hence, I decided to make the ultimate sacrifice: to renounce, for now, to any philosophical activity, to get to know our society just like it is and to try to give back to it something that may be in its interest. This also helped me fulfil an ardent desire I had felt on the front where, the carbine on my shoulder, I saw our society collapse like a cardboard castle.” (Zeletin 1927 p. 276) This article aims at unravelling several aspects regarding the life, the work and the sociological view of the author.

Adaptační procesy a jejich aktéři v modernizující se Evropě

Author(s): Luda Klusáková / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2019

The research team of the project “History of Adaptation” seaks shared understanding of key concepts centred around four research perspectives: 1) long-term development and ancient historical roots of contemporary adaptation strategies that build on memory, tradition, respect for historicity, recognising the relatively recent emergence of the concept of cultural heritage and its protection; 2) the city as a dominant social framework, e.g. from the perspective of commodified historicity; 3) the politics of expertise and power, focusing on the relationships between the production of knowledge and governance, the growing importance and adaption of the role of experts and technocrats in the professionalisation of social management as well; 4) the emic perspective of contemporary social actors – individuals or groups. In the first part of the article, the authors outline these four perspectives, while in the latter part, organized as a roundtable, they situate the key concepts in the context of their disciplines and open a discussion to be continued throughout the project.

AGENCY, STRUCTURE AND VALUES: A CRITICAL HUMANIST INTERVENTION

Author(s): Tibor Rutar / Language(s): English / Issue: 86/2018

The main aim of the article is to suggest what and how a contemporary, revised version of humanism, inflected with critical realism and Marxism, can contribute to sociology. I focus primarily on two areas in which sociology is often found lacking today: theorizing the relationship between structure and agency, and deciding what to do with moral evaluations in sociological analyses. I argue that the solution to both lies in attempting to finally transcend the traditionally hostile and mutually exclusive paradigms of “humanist”or “cultural” Marxism on the one side and “anti-humanist” or “scientific” Marxism on the other. This enables us to carefully reinstate the agency of human subjects and the moral dimension, both of which were and still are dismissed by anti- or post-humanist social science,without neglecting the objective and causally relevant existence of social structures at the same time.

Aktywność zawodowa kobiet w Krakowie w II połowie XIX wieku

Author(s): Lidia Zyblikiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

The article presents the scale of the professional activity of women who lived in Cracow in the second half of the 19th century. The author’s intention has been to verify – at least in relation to the urban population – the common belief that before the First World War women did not take up paid jobs to a larger extent.The analysis contains the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO). The records of censuses of 1869, 1880 and 1890 have been the main source for the analysis; thanks to them it was possible to create a database of urban inhabitants.After having analysed the changes in the size of the population of Cracow in the second half of the 19th century the author attempted to assess what the percentage of the dynamic increase of the Cracow’s population might be accounted for by immigrants, identified through their place of birth and citizenship. The incoming population changed the structure of the Cracow’s community as far as age and sex are concerned. The majority of the immigrants were young adults, mostly women, and they were l ooking for a job. In 1869 every sixth woman that lived in Cracow was working; eleven years later – every third, and after another 10 years – nearly 40% of them. Three quarters of professionally active women from Cracow were Roman Catholic, and only one quarter – Jewish. The article also presents the structure of marital status of working women from Cracow and the type of jobs they had – according to the main groups of HISCO.It has been proved that the women did not take up jobs motivated by the war crisis; at the end of the 19th century in Cracow there were more working women than in 2012 in Polish towns.

Amicitia a tyranobójstwo

Author(s): Piotr Graczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

The text considers the relations between friendship and revolution. The author seeks inspiration for the understanding of these relations in St. Thomas’s opusculum, “On Kingship”, Negri’s and Hardt’s books and Jadwiga Staniszkis “Samoograniczająca się rewolucja” [“Self-limiting Revolution”]. Friendship helps to rebel against tyranny but the overpowering rebellion hinders the maintenance of friendship – St. Thomas suggests. The solution is a difficult art of the self-limiting of revolution, inspired by the Christian love of a neighbour and Mao Tse-Tung’s cultural revolution (within limits, of course).

Ani książę, ani kupiec: Szacki

Author(s): Michal Luczewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2016

Anomična podela rada i solidarnost u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Ivan Šijakovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 03+04/2016

Durkheim’s basic concepts about social divison of labour and solidarity it produces, along with collective and individual conscience are addressed in the first part of this paper. Relevence of these concepts is tested and evaluated on the example of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s development in the last fifty years.

Anomija i kleptokratija (u Bosni i Hercegovini)

Author(s): Braco Kovacevic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03+04/2016

In the so-called transitional societies, i.e. societies that move from one system to another, many negative phenomena are developing, of which anomie and kleptocracy are particularly important. Both are a product of a strong social, economic, political, cultural and civilisational crisis, and they are both developing a crisis. In transitional countries, a non-liberal democracy is developing, characterised by the existence of some elements of democracy, but not of liberal values. These are multiparty systems in which usually one party wins, whose kleptocratic oligarchy achieves its hegemony and thus legitimises its comprador rule.

Antinomies of Research Methods in Social Sciences: Methodenstreit

Author(s): Jelena Božilovic / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2017

The central issue of this paper is the so-called dispute over methods (Methodenstreit), which is based on the essential difference between natural and social phenomena. Methodological problems in sociology are related to the determination of its subject matter, and the history of the science has showed that these problems have represented the main point of disagreement between theoreticians. The debates on the issues of natural and social phenomena and, thus related, manners of their examination, began as early as in the times of ancient philosophy – starting with Aristotle, and continued through the so-called Galilean tradition that would find its peak in the positivist movement and the historistic school as its opposition. The paper draws attention to the theoretical-methodological positions of both sides in this dispute, the reaffirmation of hermeneutics, as well as the ideological background. Furthermore, certain opinions that formed through the integration of these two methodological approaches are also discussed here. The time of the Methodenstreit is the time when sociology was constituted, thus the concluding remarks emphasize the importance of this dispute for the constitution of sociology as a science, with a particular reflection on the influence of historism on German sociologists.

Antinomije globalizacije – prosvećeno društvo 2000.

Author(s): Václav Belohradsky / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 58.4/2000

Prema teoriji nemačkog sociologa Niklasa Lumana, "sve kompleksnije planetarno društvo" evolutivni je proizvod modernosti koju, u prvom redu, obeležava revolucija u istoriji socijalne diferencijacije: moderno društvo se po obliku svoje diferencijacije razlikuje od svih prethodnih društava. Dijahronijska analiza pokazuje da su tri procesa u okviru kojih se konstituišu primarni parcijalni sistemi (segmentacija, centar-periferija, stratifikacija) zamenjeni funkcionalnom diferencijacijom. Postindustrijsko društvo karakteriše apsolutni primat funkcionalne diferencijacije, što za društvo kao celinu ima tri strukturne posledice. [...]

Autorytety instytucjonalne polskiej młodzieży w badaniach socjologicznych ostatniej dekady PRL i po 1989 roku

Author(s): Miroslaw Rewera / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2006

The special interest of the author of the article are the Polish youths’ institutional authorities in two different social-political epochs: the last decade of the Polish People’s Republic and III Polish Republic. The article is a review of selected empirical materials concerning this problem explicitly or implicitly. Its aim was to recognize similarities and differences in the way various institutions were perceived (the school, political and non-political institutions, and the Church) by youths living under different systemic conditions, and verifying two theses on this basis: one assuming similarity of the institutional authorities in the awareness of the youths living in the last decade of the PPR and those living in the III PR, resulting from too short a period in which the democratic system prevailed in Poland to bring about fundamental changes in perceiving the institutions by young people living in the period of III RP as compared to the youths of the 1980’s; and a second one, assuming differences in perceiving the institutions by young Poles of the two periods, resulting from the systemic change in Poland initiated in 1989.Young people living in the last decade of the PPR and in the III RP perceived the school, teachers and non-political institutions (television, radio, the military) in a similar way. A continuation of the trend to negatively assess the school and teachers, and positively assess non-political institutions occurred here. The systemic change in Poland did not effect a change in the young people’s scale of respect towards those institutions. However, it resulted in a decrease in young people’s trust in political institutions and the Catholic Church.