A kritikai és emancipációs diskurzusok megújulásáról

Author(s): Margit Feischmidt / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

The article examines the current state of two critical and emancipatory discourses in social sciences: multiculturalism and feminism. Similar and divergent elements of their theoretical position are investigated with a special emphasis on famous debates among their representatives. The limits of the East-European adaptation of multiculturalism and feminism alike are highlighted, whereas the social and political reasons of the current counter-ideologies (the “backlash multiculturalism” and the “anti-genderism”) are also revealed in the paper.

Aktywność zawodowa kobiet w Krakowie w II połowie XIX wieku

Author(s): Lidia Zyblikiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

The article presents the scale of the professional activity of women who lived in Cracow in the second half of the 19th century. The author’s intention has been to verify – at least in relation to the urban population – the common belief that before the First World War women did not take up paid jobs to a larger extent.The analysis contains the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO). The records of censuses of 1869, 1880 and 1890 have been the main source for the analysis; thanks to them it was possible to create a database of urban inhabitants.After having analysed the changes in the size of the population of Cracow in the second half of the 19th century the author attempted to assess what the percentage of the dynamic increase of the Cracow’s population might be accounted for by immigrants, identified through their place of birth and citizenship. The incoming population changed the structure of the Cracow’s community as far as age and sex are concerned. The majority of the immigrants were young adults, mostly women, and they were l ooking for a job. In 1869 every sixth woman that lived in Cracow was working; eleven years later – every third, and after another 10 years – nearly 40% of them. Three quarters of professionally active women from Cracow were Roman Catholic, and only one quarter – Jewish. The article also presents the structure of marital status of working women from Cracow and the type of jobs they had – according to the main groups of HISCO.It has been proved that the women did not take up jobs motivated by the war crisis; at the end of the 19th century in Cracow there were more working women than in 2012 in Polish towns.

Amicitia a tyranobójstwo

Author(s): Piotr Graczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

The text considers the relations between friendship and revolution. The author seeks inspiration for the understanding of these relations in St. Thomas’s opusculum, “On Kingship”, Negri’s and Hardt’s books and Jadwiga Staniszkis “Samoograniczająca się rewolucja” [“Self-limiting Revolution”]. Friendship helps to rebel against tyranny but the overpowering rebellion hinders the maintenance of friendship – St. Thomas suggests. The solution is a difficult art of the self-limiting of revolution, inspired by the Christian love of a neighbour and Mao Tse-Tung’s cultural revolution (within limits, of course).

Ani książę, ani kupiec: Szacki

Author(s): Michal Luczewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2016

Badania nad rodziną w miastach zaboru pruskiego w XIX i na początku XX wieku. Stan obecny i perspektywy badawcze

Author(s): Agnieszka Zielinska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

The article deals with the problem of demographic changes that take place in thefamilies living in towns of the Prussian partition in the 19th century and at the beginningof the 20th. The most important populational parameters have been presented; on the basisof these parameters it is possible to observe trends and the directions of changes, whichare part of a much wider, pan-European process of demographic transformation. Theresearch has been carried out on the basis of the information concerning a few towns ofthe Prussian partition (Toruń, Poznań, Gdańsk, Elbląg, Starogard, Chojnice, Chełmża).A special attention has been paid to a decreasing age of newlyweds, disappearing barriersfor mixed (interfaith) marriages, loosening of social and professional requirements, andweakening of the territorial barrier while choosing the spouse. The fact worth noticing isthat the interval between the day of birth and the day of baptism was longer than before.Other facts that are of interest are: a decrease of the rate of birth/mortality, as well asof the coefficient of births and deaths at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Anothersphere that has been researched is the value of infant mortality, quite high in the 19thcentury and slowly diminishing afterwards. A combination of civilisational processes,mental changes of human beings and changes in their customs had a decisive impact onthe shape and size of the family. It was the beginning of essential transformations, whichare still taking place now and keep influencing the demographic situation of the population.The article also contains a proposal of further demographic research on the Jewishfamily in the towns of the Prussian partition, because that subject is often omitted. In theend, some new directions of research have been suggested and an introductory literaturehas been given, too.

Boris Mironov, The Standard of Living and Revolutions in Russia. 1700–1917, Oxon: Routledge 2012, ss. 668

Author(s): Radoslaw Poniat / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

Cihannüma: Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Turkey

Cihannuma: Journal of History and Geography Studies is a peer-reviewed, biannual journal, published in July and December, by Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences.

Cihannuma accepts all sorts of publications pertaining to humanities and social sciences, though priority is given to works in fields of history, geography, and historical geography.

Our journal aims to contribute to the studies in field of humanities and social sciences in both national and international level by bringing together scholars publishing in field of humanities and social sciences and prompting them to share their knowledge and experiences.

Coincidence, Probability, Cognitive Error

Author(s): Krzysztof Szymanek / Language(s): English / Issue: 36/2016

A lot has been written about coincidence, including research into the probabilistic, methodological, psychological and philosophical aspects of coincidence. This paper presents some aspects of the role of coincidence in the human cognitive system, focusing in particular on probabilistic reasoning and logical and methodological errors in reasoning, associated with the perception and interpretation of coincidence. Due to the nature of things, it is not possible to omit the areas of research mentioned above.

Confrontations and Controversies in the Theory of Talcott Parsons

Author(s): Uta Gerhardt / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2017

Since the turn of the 1960s, Talcott Parsons’ social thought has met with criticism that his image of society is conservative inasmuch as he places consensus and systematic concept formation over and above conflict and ‘sociological imagination’. The hidden agenda in this criticism is political: the charges are that Parsons supposedly disavows democracy in his implicit or explicit knowledge aim, and that his sociology presumably makes society function even at the expense of freedom of the individual. Here the author argues that these accusations cannot stand if archival materials such as lecture notes, correspondence, and unpublished memoranda are taken into account. She claims that Parsons in his sociology conceptualised society from the standpoint of the real world of the day, including the major historical confrontations from the 1930s to the end of the 1970s. The first such scenario and the earliest confrontation that his work faced was in the era of the New Deal and the Second World War as the Anglo-Saxon democracies fought the racist imperialism of Nazi Germany; his ‘middle phase’ from the 1950s to the mid-1960s coincides with the Cold War at its height, the standoff between the capitalist United States and the communist Soviet Union; and his ‘late oeuvre’ has yet another agenda, namely the Watergate Affair, but also the struggle for racial equality and university reform in the United States. In his theoretical positions and in his opposition to his critics, Parsons defended liberal democracy against the powerful social and intellectual forces that put it to the test.

Czystość czy zmaza? Czy jest sens łączyć rozumienie z wyjaśnianiem w antropologii i interpretatywnej socjologii?

Author(s): Piotr Pawliszak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2016

For the two last decades cultural social sciences have been facing critical methodological transformation. The widespread tendency in qualitative research to mingling and synthesizing differing interpretive paradigms has been recently confronted with a venture to integration of science and the humanities. This current is not a plain revitalization of historical tendency to submit interpretive methods to scientific explanation of social life, but is seeking a new theoretical base to establish a balance between hermeneutic and causal analysis. This essay discusses different theoretical concepts of the relationship between hermeneutic interpretation and causal explanation. It introduces a concept of “maximal interpretation” devised inside the strong program of cultural sociology as a procedure of unified interpretive-causal analysis of historical events, and analyzes this innovation with theoretical lenses of grid-group theory.

Demografia rodziny magnackiej w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim na tle elit zachodnioeuropejskich. Wybrane problemy

Author(s): Marzena Liedke / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

The article presents the results of the research on the age of newlyweds, the length of marriages, the number of children in the family and life expectancy for the magnate family in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th centuries, and the comparison of those numbers with the parameters established by West-European historical demographers for aristocratic elites from Britain, France, Germany and Portugal and the families that ruled in Europe.The demographic parameters for the magnate family have been obtained from the database that contains information on particular genealogical facts such as the date of birth, marriage and death, and the number of children (collected in library and archival queries for nine families) and they have been compared with the results arrived at by West-European researchers.The results for the magnate family indicate that the average age of men who contract marriage for the first time is included between over 23 to over 27 years; that is also the age range when European aristocrats contracted marriages, but the average age approached the upper limit more frequently. The age at which women from magnate families contracted marriage for the first time also correlates with the data concerning European female aristocrats, that is to say between 18 and 23–24, and approaches the upper limit of the interval. In the case of other parameters the magnate family were of lower value. The length of marriage in magnate families was shorter than in England, the number of children in a family also was smaller, and life expectancy was usually shorter both for men and women.When we compare the data concerning magnate families with the analogous parameters concerning the West-European elites we can see that the magnate families from Lithuania were generally less healthy. The increase of nearly all the demographic parameters in the 18th century in their case was after all inferior to the ones referring to similar social groups in England and France. There is a possibility that difficulties connected with obtaining complete data and – as a result – a less numerous research sample, as well as taking into consideration only the children that had grown to the adult age (in the West-European samples all the children that had been born were counted) have influenced the values of the parameters and made them less reliable. That is why it is a need to continue the research and to concentrate on other problems (which are important from the point of view of functioning of the family), such as the size of definite celibate in the group in question, the percentage of second and third marriages, the problem of illegitimate children, etc.

Dimitrie Gusti și evitarea capcanei fasciste

Author(s): Antonio Momoc / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 11/2016

Similar to the intellectuals of his generation, Dimitrie Gusti has encountered the fascist trap within his life history since the 1920s when Benito Mussolini took over the power in Italy. However, Gusti avoided slipping into this trap ever in his life. Certainly, it is a well-known fact that some members of the Sociological School of Bucharest have become legionaries, while others fancied the communist or fascist movement. The fundamental feature of the Sociological School was that it allowed all the young intellectuals – legionaries, socialists, nationalists or Europeanists – to cooperate within the research teams as long as they were preoccupied by the Sociology of the Nation and the Monography of the Romanian villages.In this study I intend to demonstrate that Gusti provided the diligent young people with a scientific alternative, while they were tempted by the political extremes of that time: communism or fascism. I shall prove that Gusti has never proposed or supported a fascist model of development, even though the Romanian sociologist declared that he was impressed by Mussolini’s fascist movement. On the contrary, Gusti has permanently promoted the raise of the Romanian nation based on the model proposed by philosopher Saint Simon, according to whom the scholars have the mission to stimulate local communities, or to influence public policies.I used the method of representative biography, as well as the oral history interviews conducted by professor Zoltán Rostás with people who participated at the monographic campaigns coordinated by Gusti in 1925-1931 and during 1935-1943. The analysis reflects that Gusti’s School and the members who remained faithful to his sociological conception rather competed with the Legionary Movement. Being close to the regime of Karl II, Gusti’s School envisioned a Social Monarchy for the second part of the 1930s, being focused on uplifting the living level of the many, of the Romanian peasants.

Disquieted Relations

West Meeting East in Contemporary Sociological Research

Author(s): Júlia Szalai / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The history of the past 25 years of collaboration between ‘Westerners’ and ‘Easterners’ in social science research has been accompanied by a good deal of ambivalence. While the collapse of state-socialism suddenly opened a spacious terrain for such collaborations with acknowledgeable gains in their academic contacts, professional outlook and income, old and new Eastern entrants experience the degradation of their expertise and a forceful new positioning into acting as service providers instead of being regarded as equal intellectual partners. Many go as far as labelling the new forms of collaboration as outright ‘colonisation’. Their sharp critique embraces the new experiences of Western domination in setting the concepts and methods of research and it also addresses the exploitative structures of the academia that serve this domination with a highly unequal distribution of funding. The secondary positions and peripheral roles that ‘Easterners’ occupy in access to opportunities for publishing comes in addition, together with the complains about their marginalisation in participating in the influential areas of policy-making where the role of respected advisors with readily acknowledged knowledge and expertise is regularly awarded only to ‘Westerners’.Keywords:

Društvo 21. stoljeća – ključna obilježja i problemi

Author(s): Abdel Alibegovic,Midhat Cauševic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 1/2016

The authors in the paper reflect sociological reality and substantiality on the level of meta-theoretical view of the substantiality itself and essential incline of sociology. If we put all phenomena that are encompassed by wider sociological interest, as Husserl says, between brackets, we still have question of crisis and reflection of (some) crisis imposed as a fundamental characteristic in every serious sociological approach. A question arises – whether a modern man, or a man in general, “likes“ to think, as Heidegger would say? Can the conceptual creator or the culprit of the western rationality be praised for thinking, for having learned to think? Of course, there is an immense difference between be able to think causes and being able/have to think consequences, results of your own actions. There is also an additional situation of not being able to think at all about self, the world, consequences of our actions, etc. Is the man’s faith ontological and ecological awareness, living and acting in accordance to “life sanctity“, or his destiny is a state of “dehumanization“, barbarism and false “-isms“of conscience and awareness? Following modern sociological approaches and authors, the authors tried to reflect, overview and solve the key substantiality of the epoch we live in/out, whatever this “live“means if we view it through prism of Bauman’s and Beck’s epoch of risk, liquidity of life, modernity and fear, through Konrad Paul’s meaningful scanning of catchword “society of knowledge“, to George Myerson’s revealing of range and delusions of ecologism.

Dušan Janák a kolektiv: Počátky sociologie ve střední Evropě. Studie o formování sociologie jako vědy v Polsku, českých zemích, na Slovensku a v Maďarsku

Author(s): Zdenek R. Nešpor / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 01/2016

reveiw of: Dušan Janák et al: Počátky sociologie ve střední Evropě. Studie o formování sociologie jako vědy v Polsku, českých zemích, na Slovensku a v Maďarsku; Praha, Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON) 2014, 279 pp.

Elya Tzaneva. Ethnosymbolism and the Dynamics of Identity. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2015.

Author(s): Evgenia Troeva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2016

Epidemia cholery w Krakowie w 1866 roku. Analiza demograficzna i przestrzenna

Author(s): Konrad Wnek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

The article presents the causes and effects of the epidemic of cholera that broke out in Cracow in 1866. The presentation is based on archival material collected when the epidemic was raging and when it was over. The basic source are tabular sheets and responses to a questionnaire sent to physicians by the Sanitary Commission just after the epidemic was over in 1867. The notes prepared by Cracow physicians are a splendid source for the research of that kind as they were made shortly after the epidemic.The article also presents a description of how the epidemic was approaching Cracow and its probable route along which it reached the city. The article includes various views on the aetiology of the epidemic and on various methods of curing it. In the article there is an analysis of the mortality rate according to sexes, faith and the place of treatment. The epidemic has been depicted as it was evolving in time and space; in order to make the depiction the author has used some geostatistical methods, including the method of hierarchical clustering. The incidence of cholera and its mortality rate have been presented on two maps, on which the clusters have been marked too.According to the research, in the case of Roman Catholics the disease attacked mainly the poor and malnourished social groups, who lived in poor housing conditions or were homeless. In the Jews the disease attacked various social groups, not only the poorest.The ability to survive has been analysed in two religious groups of Cracow: the Roman Catholics and the Jews. The results have not confirmed the statistical higher resistance of the Jews to cholera, which might have been suggested by the first data of the graph. In another part of the article Cox regression has been used to verify which factor was responsible for a higher mortality caused by cholera. The method of backward (stepwise) approach has not confirmed that such factors as sex, social class, faith or place of treatment influenced the probability of death. Among those factors the most doubtful one is the place of treatment, i.e. a hospital or a dwelling place, which has been rejected in the last step of the analysis. It may be the result of the fact that the sample was not big enough. The epidemic of 1866 was relatively mild, and the city council was well prepared; it was also important that there were many highly-qualified physicians engaged in the battle against the epidemic and access to medicines was not difficult.

Florentin Smarandache: Law of included Multiple-Middle. Book Review

Author(s): Jozef Novak-Marcincin,Daniela GÎFU,Mihaela Teodorescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 40/2014

Florentin Smarandache is known as scientist and writer. He writes in three languages: Romanian, French, and English. He graduated the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Craiova in 1979 first of his class, earned a Ph. D. in Mathematics from the State University Moldova at Kishinev in 1997, and continued postdoctoral studies at various American Universities such as University of Texas at Austin, University of Phoenix, etc. after emigration. He did post-doctoral researches at Okayama University of Science (Japan) between 12 December 2013 - 12 January 2014; at Guangdong University of Technology (Guangzhou, China), 19 May - 14 August 2012; at ENSIETA (National Superior School of Engineers and Study of Armament), Brest, France, 15 May - 22 July 2010; and for two months, June-July 2009, at Air Force Research Laboratory in Rome, NY, USA (under State University of New York Institute of Technology). In U.S.A. he worked as a software engineer for Honeywell (1990-1995), adjunct professor for Pima Community College (1995-1997), in 1997 Assistant Professor at the University of New Mexico, Gallup Campus, promoted to Associate Professor of Mathematics in 2003, and to Full Professor in 2008. Between 2007-2009 he was the Chair of Math & Sciences Department.

Fórum Társadalomtudományi Szemle

Frequency: 4 issues / Country: Slovakia

Fragmenti o antropologiji religije

Author(s): Tomislav Tadic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 08/2015

In this paper, I highlight the basic issues and problems of anthropology of religion as a specific scientific discipline for interpretation, analysis and hermeneutical ethnography of religion in terms of its manifestations both in contemporary social relations and in relation to the present, almost extinct, religious systems. I seek to stress the importance, function, significance and necessity of the anthropological interpretation of religion in the B&H social context as one possibility of counter-ideological narrating about religious forms, considering the relative underdevelopment of this discipline on our territory. The paper also points to the relationship of the sociological and anthropological interpretation of religion from the perspective of the central problems which these scientific disciplines have as a common starting point: secularization, globalization, religious extremism, religious violence, etc.