"A vallási élet elemi formái"-tól "A média rítusai"-ig: durkheimi fogalmak a kommunikációelméletben

Author(s): Eszter Bartha / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 18/2012

The essay gives a critical review of The Rituals of the Media by Lajos Császi. It seeks to showhow the Durkheimian sociology of religion can be applied to the modern communicationtheory and what perspectives such a combination can store for sociology. The mediahas a significant impact on the formation of public opinion; therefore, its rituals deservea special attention. However, the opinion forming power of the media depends on thesocial structure and the movement of the masses. Today even ordinary people can broadcastInternet TV-programmes and we have not even mentioned the technical possibilitiesoffered by the various social network sites. It is not only the technical competence, whichdetermines whether a given opinion will remain embedded in a narrow subculture or itsucceeds to move the masses, which was a well-loved catchword of the 20th century

"I do not change principles" – Sociology and social policy in Hungary through Zsuzsa Ferge's life

Author(s): Boglárka Herke / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

(НЕ)НАУЧНА КРИТИКА ЈЕДНОГ НЕСОЦИОЛОГА

Author(s): Slobodan Vukičević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2009

Своју „научну“ критику насловљену „Поводом једног амбициозног али неуспелог покушаја унапређивања методологије друштвених наука“, мог чланка „Социолошко установљење ‚нормативне чињенице’“ (Социологија 2002, 4), а коју објављује Социолошки преглед 2009. у бр.1, на дупло већем броју страница него што је критиковани рад, Д. Јаковљевић започиње критиком Војина Милића и Михаила Марковића због недовољног залагања „на плану стварања стручног подмлатка, тј. благовремене смене генерација“.

1910–1934 Internal Migration of Local Population in Bulgaria (According to Census Data on Birth Places in Bulgaria)

Author(s): Penka Peykovska / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

This study еxamines the internal migration of the native-born population in Bulgaria between 1910 and 1934. Its volume and dynamics, gender and ethnic specificities, distance, directions and spatial orientation are revealed by quantitative analysis of the statistical information on the birth place of the native-born population in Bulgaria, drawn from the four censuses realized during the period under consideration. Due to the lack of current statistics on settlements and displacements, they are an indispensable historical source of spatial mobility within the country.

1920 – A Caesura in Social Theory?

Author(s): William Outhwaite / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2020

The centenary of Max Weber’s death raises the question of the wider significance of 1920 as marking a break in the history of social theory. This essay focuses on Germany and Austria, where the political break with the past was particularly sharp and the discontinuities in the social and intellectual configuration of the social sciences were most obvious. Three trends are particularly striking: the development of neo-Marxist social theory with György Lukács and Karl Korsch and the later emergence of critical theory, the polarization between neo-positivism and interpretive sociology, and the consolidation of the sociology of knowledge.

20 години специалност Философия във ВТУ „Св. св. Кирил и Методий”

Author(s): Vihren Bouzov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2014

The course of training in philosophy has been opened in 1992–93 year. Now it has full term accreditation for 6 years and it is on the 2th place in the national ranking of specialties. 14 young doctors in Philosophy graduated in Veliko Turnovo. Our Faculty has been accepted as national and international center of philosophical researches and education.

A CHARACTERISING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERNITY AND SOCIOLOGY: THE UNDERSTANDINGS OF SECULARISATION, URBANISATION, AND SOLIDARITY

Author(s): Barış Çağirkan / Language(s): English / Issue: 41/2019

This paper aims to characterise the relationship between modernity and sociology in the context of secularisation, urbanisation and solidarity. The emergence of sociology as a discipline has been connected with the emergence of modernity. While modernity emphasises a different society and social structure, sociology has become the most critical part of this interpretation and its attempt to understand and explain. The study aims to explain the strong relationship between the basis of modernity and sociology by examining the work of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber which are one of the first studies to understand the new society understanding of modernism. The differences of modernity caused the social actors to be in doubt about themselves, and ontological insecurity emerged in this context. Some of the ideas have developed by sociologists about social change process will be examined in this context. Durkheim and Weber focus on the study of social order, change and social relations, which is a significant concern showing two basic methodological and theoretical ideas in the sociology tradition. Weber and Durkheim's optimistic and pessimistic attitude towards social change will be questioned in the conclusion section.

A Conceptual History of Political Regimes: Democracy, Dictatorship, and Authoritarianism

Author(s): Adam Przeworski / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The labels we attach today to distinguish political regimes have histories. Applying them without understanding these histories is sometimes anachronistic and ethnocentric. I have little new to say about “democracy” and “dictatorship”, so that the discussion of these concepts is just a reminder. “Authoritarianism”, however, is a dubious neologism. I advance two claims: (1) In all regimes the power to command and be obeyed entails some dose of reason-giving, (2) What distinguishes regimes is the form and the extent to which the authority of rulers is monopolised by physical force. I conclude that the concept of “authoritarianism” adds little to the distinction between democracy and dictatorship.

A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH INTO GENDER AND LANGUAGE: FROM THE DEFICIT MODEL TO THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL

Author(s): Jasna Mikić / Language(s): English / Issue: 94-95/2020

This paper presents an overview of early research into gender and language conducted in various developed Western countries and their languages. Different models were proposed to establish the properties of the language used by men and women. A major concept in early research was the ‘woman’s language’, regarded as inferior, and subject to pejorative connotations. The presented models represent an important beginning of research on gender and language, although they are largely no longer considered current due to the many shortcomings of their theory and weak empirical support. The paper also reviews contemporary critical frameworks and offers suggestions for further research.

A kitöltési idő és az adatminőség közötti összefüggések vizsgálata az ESS 9. hullámának adatain

Author(s): Ádám Stefkovics,Viktor Wurm / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2021

Response rates, survey costs, and the motivation of the interviewers can all be affected by the length of a questionnaire. Nevertheless, the effect of interview duration or interview speed on data quality is a rarely discussed problem. It is assumed that there is an optimal speed of an interview for every respondent, and that any deviation from that speed may lead to measurement error. Previous studies analyzing data of the European Social Survey (ESS) have already found a link between the speed of interviews and data quality, but the main focus of those studies was the role of interviewers rather than data quality. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between interview duration and data quality in more detail by using more complex data quality indicators. We use data from the 9th round of the ESS from 2018. We found a weak, but significant association between interview duration and data quality in nearly half of the countries even when controlling for sociodemographic variables. Careless responses (high item-nonresponse rates and straightlining) were associated with too fast an interview speed, whereas socially desirable responses were associated with too slow a speed. Our results highlight that monitoring interview duration is important, and the training of interviewers needs to emphasise how to handle such negative respondent behavior and follow the optimal speed during interviews.

A kritikai és emancipációs diskurzusok megújulásáról

Author(s): Margit Feischmidt / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

The article examines the current state of two critical and emancipatory discourses in social sciences: multiculturalism and feminism. Similar and divergent elements of their theoretical position are investigated with a special emphasis on famous debates among their representatives. The limits of the East-European adaptation of multiculturalism and feminism alike are highlighted, whereas the social and political reasons of the current counter-ideologies (the “backlash multiculturalism” and the “anti-genderism”) are also revealed in the paper.

A MAP OF SOCIOLOGY

Author(s): Ștefan Buzărnescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Starting from the hypothesis that, if sociology is an epistemic image of a socially evolving reality, then sociology logically finds itself in the constant redefinition of its explanatory fundamentals (Buzărnescu, 2007), the question "are still valid its traditional concepts in the understanding of contemporary realities, completely changed?" appears perfectly legitimate. In addition, the offensive pragmatism, which is specific to our days, frequently brings to question the place and role of the sociological approach in the area of decision-making bodies, increasingly vulnerable to various journalistic and political projects, either failed (the Soviet experiment, for example), or controversial nihilism (globalism). With the stated intention to bring praxiological testimonies on the current status of sociology as a discipline of study, institution and profession, I propose a map of sociology inspired by the map of the chemical elements in the Mendeleev table similar to the map of logic proposed by Petre Botezatu in the year 1972.

A sociological view on some cultural institutions in Romania: 1938–2016. Study on the official statistical data

Author(s): Mona Simu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 4/2019

The article presents, in the first part, an analysis of statistical data on several cultural institutions (theatres, cinema, libraries, books and museums) in Romania, between the years following the first world war and nowadays times. Each of the three main periods between 1938 and 2016 is studied separately: interwar period; communism; the period of transition, after December 1989. The results are showing a general upword development trend, with some discrepancies between some of the institutions. As for public libraries and cinemas, communism seems to be the most prolific period, for books and museums present times are the most “productive”. Every institutions has its own up and down, which can be seen from the five graphics embeded in the text. In the second part, a short view on the cultural life in Romania between the two World Wars is ellaborated, looking upon cultural personalities and facts. The article intends to offer a wide perspective image,yet not exhaustive, upon the cultural sphere in Romania, in almost one hundred years of social development.

About another kind of sociology. Ernest Bernea and the cultural and spiritual depths of the Romanians

Author(s): Cristina Gavriluţă / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

The text brings to the attention an iconic figure of the Romanian culture which is claimed not only by sociologists (as a representative of Gusti School), but also by ethnologists and philosophers. In essence, Ernest Bernea, through all his concerns, comes into light as a complex intellectual, who offers a refined humanist social research from his cultural and spiritual data. His sociological approach is based on ethnographic information and on a solid intellectual background. There is an obvious and visible influence of M. Heidegger, N. Ionescu, M. Mauss, and E. Durkheim. Issues of time, space and causality, that of law and order and the crisis of modern worlds represent the main directions of his concerns that we have analyzed taking into account the views of other Romanian authors with similar concerns. In this regard, E. Cioran, N. Noica, T. Maiorescu, L. Blaga, S. Afloroaei have been reading filters of Barnea’s work. It remains a landmark in the sociological literature and a model in the sociological approach of reality.

About negative globalisation – Zygmunt Bauman

Author(s): Braco Kovačević / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2018

The value theoretical relation to globalisation is diametrically opposite - positive or negative. Neoliberal globalisation apologists seek to highlight its positive characteristics, while its critics point to a whole series of negative characteristics. This other theoretical orientation belongs to Zygmunt Bauman. His attitude towards globalisation is highly negative: in itself, globalisation carries a number of negative risks, of which the most difficult is the one that leads to the possible self-destruction of humanity. Therefore, he decisively stated that if we do not develop the perception of planetary responsibility and the ability to foresee the future, cataclysm is quite certain and real.

About reform in the work of Ștefan Zeletin

Author(s): Mihaela Rădoi / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Ştefan Zeletin (1882- 1934) – a philosopher, an economist and a sociologist – is one of the household names of Romanian interwar liberalism. He graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy and Classical Philology in Iaşi, and in 1914 he defended his doctoral thesis (and was granted magna cum laude) at the University of Berlin. After finalizing his studies, Zeletin taught at the University of Iaşi. Concerning his work, Ştefan Zeletin did not have the same attitude towards the two aspects of his thought: philosophy and sociology. He considered himself a philosopher who failed to complete his system of thought only because of the tough circumstances. Persuaded that there is an organic connection – yet to be discovered – between the economic life of a country, on one hand, and the political, legal and cultural institutions, on the other, (Claudian 1935) Ștefan Zeletin began his sociological writings, which marked the political and cultural life of those times. The sociological and political works, which had made him known in several settings, were viewed by Zeletin as an episode within his activity, which he would have wanted to be focused on purely philosophical works. The author explains the approach to the practical aspects of social reality by the fact that he was determined to attend various events, which he felt the need to understand. An event that marked him deeply was the War of 1916-1918, to which he took part as an infantry officer; this event drew him closer to the often-disappointing reality of the Romanian society in an ongoing process of construction. “Hence, I decided to make the ultimate sacrifice: to renounce, for now, to any philosophical activity, to get to know our society just like it is and to try to give back to it something that may be in its interest. This also helped me fulfil an ardent desire I had felt on the front where, the carbine on my shoulder, I saw our society collapse like a cardboard castle.” (Zeletin 1927 p. 276) This article aims at unravelling several aspects regarding the life, the work and the sociological view of the author.

Adaptační procesy a jejich aktéři v modernizující se Evropě

Author(s): Luďa Klusáková / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2019

The research team of the project “History of Adaptation” seaks shared understanding of key concepts centred around four research perspectives: 1) long-term development and ancient historical roots of contemporary adaptation strategies that build on memory, tradition, respect for historicity, recognising the relatively recent emergence of the concept of cultural heritage and its protection; 2) the city as a dominant social framework, e.g. from the perspective of commodified historicity; 3) the politics of expertise and power, focusing on the relationships between the production of knowledge and governance, the growing importance and adaption of the role of experts and technocrats in the professionalisation of social management as well; 4) the emic perspective of contemporary social actors – individuals or groups. In the first part of the article, the authors outline these four perspectives, while in the latter part, organized as a roundtable, they situate the key concepts in the context of their disciplines and open a discussion to be continued throughout the project.

AGENCY, STRUCTURE AND VALUES: A CRITICAL HUMANIST INTERVENTION

Author(s): Tibor Rutar / Language(s): English / Issue: 86/2018

The main aim of the article is to suggest what and how a contemporary, revised version of humanism, inflected with critical realism and Marxism, can contribute to sociology. I focus primarily on two areas in which sociology is often found lacking today: theorizing the relationship between structure and agency, and deciding what to do with moral evaluations in sociological analyses. I argue that the solution to both lies in attempting to finally transcend the traditionally hostile and mutually exclusive paradigms of “humanist”or “cultural” Marxism on the one side and “anti-humanist” or “scientific” Marxism on the other. This enables us to carefully reinstate the agency of human subjects and the moral dimension, both of which were and still are dismissed by anti- or post-humanist social science,without neglecting the objective and causally relevant existence of social structures at the same time.

Aktywność zawodowa kobiet w Krakowie w II połowie XIX wieku

Author(s): Lidia Zyblikiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

The article presents the scale of the professional activity of women who lived in Cracow in the second half of the 19th century. The author’s intention has been to verify – at least in relation to the urban population – the common belief that before the First World War women did not take up paid jobs to a larger extent.The analysis contains the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO). The records of censuses of 1869, 1880 and 1890 have been the main source for the analysis; thanks to them it was possible to create a database of urban inhabitants.After having analysed the changes in the size of the population of Cracow in the second half of the 19th century the author attempted to assess what the percentage of the dynamic increase of the Cracow’s population might be accounted for by immigrants, identified through their place of birth and citizenship. The incoming population changed the structure of the Cracow’s community as far as age and sex are concerned. The majority of the immigrants were young adults, mostly women, and they were l ooking for a job. In 1869 every sixth woman that lived in Cracow was working; eleven years later – every third, and after another 10 years – nearly 40% of them. Three quarters of professionally active women from Cracow were Roman Catholic, and only one quarter – Jewish. The article also presents the structure of marital status of working women from Cracow and the type of jobs they had – according to the main groups of HISCO.It has been proved that the women did not take up jobs motivated by the war crisis; at the end of the 19th century in Cracow there were more working women than in 2012 in Polish towns.

Amicitia a tyranobójstwo

Author(s): Piotr Graczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2 (7)/2015

The text considers the relations between friendship and revolution. The author seeks inspiration for the understanding of these relations in St. Thomas’s opusculum, “On Kingship”, Negri’s and Hardt’s books and Jadwiga Staniszkis “Samoograniczająca się rewolucja” [“Self-limiting Revolution”]. Friendship helps to rebel against tyranny but the overpowering rebellion hinders the maintenance of friendship – St. Thomas suggests. The solution is a difficult art of the self-limiting of revolution, inspired by the Christian love of a neighbour and Mao Tse-Tung’s cultural revolution (within limits, of course).