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Psihoanaliza i marksizam

Author(s): Ernesto Laclau / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2015

Da bih promislio postojeći odnos između marksizma i psihoanalize, prinuđen sam razmotriti sjecišta između ta dva teorijska polja, priče mu su oba uspostavljena neovisno od drugoga i čiji mogući oblici uzajamne referentnosti ne pred stavljaju očigledan sustav prevođenja. Nemoguće je, na primjer, tvrditi, iako se to često radilo, da psihoanaliza polju historijskoga materijalizma dodaje teoriju subjektivnosti, budući da je to polje u velikoj mjeri bi lo kon sti tui ra no kao negacija valjanosti i umjesnosti bilo kakve teorije subjektivnosti (iako, dakako, ne i same kategorije »subjekta«). Dakle, nijedan pojednostavljeni model nadopune ili artikulacije nije baš ni od kakve koristi. Problem se prije sastoji u pronalaženju indexa usporedbe između dva različita teorijska polja, ali to, zauzvrat, podrazumijeva iz gradnju novoga polja unutar kojeg bi usporedba imala smisla.

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Psychoanalytische Ansätze in der russischen Literatur der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts (Vsevolod M. Garšins Erzählung Die rote Blume)

Author(s): Josef Dohnal / Language(s): German Issue: Sondernr./2018

The paper deals with the short story The Red Flower by V. M. Garshin. The depiction of the inner world of the hero is supposed to be a typical attempt of art to try to understand the processes that are going on in the inner world of a human being. The conscious and the unconscious are mixed simultaneously in the mental processes of the hero´s mind on symbolic basis which corresponds with the psychoanalytic theory that appeared only some decades thereafter. The unlikely complex mental processes led the author to the conviction to choose a mentally disordered person as the hero of the short story.

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Sexuální přitažlivost v psychoterapii z pohledu supervizorù

Author(s): Marek Kolařík,Martin Lečbych,Martina Fülepová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2015

This article is devoted to a topic that is rather ignored so far in the Czech Republic. It offers the very new way of thinking about the topic of sexual attraction that can bring some kind of concern because it can be a challenge for changing previous attitude to this phenomenon. In our research we´ve decided to focuse on the question – how is this topic of sexual attraction supervised in our country and what is our supervisors´ opinion about this phenomenon, how is this topic communicated in supervision and what is the supervisors´ opinion about the relationship between client and therapist. So our effort was to take this phenomenon in the way it is and try to handle it in many different views. The research file was made of 13 supervisors (8 women and 5 men) out of Czech Republic. The design of our research was exposed as a combination of a multiple case study with the combination of qualitative experiment. The data were obtained by means of semistructured interviews which have 3 parts: a) mapping of supervisors´ own experience with the phenomenon of sexual attraction in psychotherapy and in supervision b) suggestion for the solutions of 5 model situations c) mapping of factors which can block or on the contrary can help to reveal this intimate topic in supervision. Our research results show clearly the contrast between wide spread experience with sexual attraction in psychotherapy and between the low therapists´ willingness to share these experience in supervision and in the psychotherapist training.

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Potřebujeme poradenství?

Author(s): Marek Kolařík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2015

Lately, not much dissimilarity is considered and used between terms “counselling” and “psychotherapy”. It seems that these terms can be interchanged. They have the same aims, same ways of working and the same work subject, so there is no need to distinguish them. The latest thing, with respect with this terms confusion, is to be found in T. Řiháček’s article (Psychoterapie, 1/2014) – however it is written very rigorously – I´d like to react to that. I am going to try to give arguments why these two terms shouldn’t be interchanged or fused, for counsellors, psychotherapists and even clients sake.

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SYMBOL

Author(s): Jan Šikl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2018

Chci, aby se text zkusil dotknout symbolu, nebyl jen řečí o něm, ale pozvolna – z ticha a z poezie – se jej pokusil dotknout. Kam za ním? Viděl ho někdo? A pokud – je si jistý, že to byl on? Předpokládám, že by stálo za to jej hledat někde v prostoru mezi filosofií, mytologií, hlubinnou psychologií, poezií, magií, uměním… nevím.

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Pszichológián innen, irodalmon túl

Author(s): Kinga Sebestyén / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2022

Jakobovits Kitti: Irodalomterápia. A könyvespolcod pszichológusszemmel. Kulcslyuk Kiadó, Budapest, 2021.

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THE RECONFIGURATION OF HOMME FATAL IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM JOKER ADAPTIONS

Author(s): Amira Rihab Saidi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The relevance of the Joker as a prominent character in popular culture and the film industry merited tremendous scholarly attention. It has been analyzed through the lenses of various critical theories, inter alia the Bakhtinian “carnival”, the Freudian psychoanalysis, and several others. Still, nearly there is no critical development of the Joker as a homme fatal. It is thus the novelty of this paper to do so; on the one hand, it aims to reconfigure the conceptualization of the homme fatal beyond its classical seductive and inveigling power within women’s world. Here, I endeavor to redefine the fatality of homme fatal from the perspective of the Joker, which is centralized more on an outlawed destructive personality far from being a sexually desirable man. I focus on the “fatal men” and “fatal rebel” by Mario Praz in his Romantic Agony . This study focuses therefore on the reconfiguration of homme fatal in two Joker adaptations: The Dark Knight (2008) and Suicide Squad (2016). Thereby, I contend that the two jokers share common features with the classical homme fatal, most of which contribute to the comic-ization of their ‘fatality’.

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Zjawiska związane z pamięcią autobiograficzną podczas wstępnych konsultacji do psychoterapii pary

Author(s): Bartosz Zalewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

Cel Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wniosków płynących z aktualnych badań nad funkcjonowaniem pamięci autobiograficznej oraz poszukiwanie możliwości ich odniesienia do praktyki diagnostycznej w psychoterapii par. Ważnym elementem tekstu jest także przyjrzenie się temu, jak natura pamięci determinuje rodzaj danych, które diagnosta otrzymuje od pary. Cel artykułu to również wspieranie rozwoju kompetencji metodologicznych psychologów-diagnostów pracujących z parami, poprzez dostarczenie wiedzy o działaniu mechanizmów pamięciowych podczas wstępnych spotkań konsultacyjnych.Tezy Z badań nad pamięcią autobiograficzną wynika, że treść wspomnień w istotny sposób zależy od celu, kontekstu oraz grupy, wobec której jest ona przywoływana. Postawiono tezę, iż w trakcie konsultacji do psychoterapii par wspomnienia przywoływane są przez partnerów w celu opowiedzenia o problemach pary oraz wnoszone w szczególnej publicznej sytuacji pod wpływem silnych emocji. Stanowią one nierzadko ochronę każdej z osób przed negatywną oceną terapeutów, a jednocześnie służą podtrzymywaniu relacyjnych elementów tożsamości każdego z partnerów.Konkluzje Pamięć autobiograficzna to cenne źródło informacji o przeszłości pary, potrzebnych do odpowiedniego kwalifikowania do psychoterapii. Wiedza o mechanizmach pamięciowych wspiera adekwatną ocenę jakości zebranych danych oraz tworzenie właściwych hipotez diagnostycznych. Jednocześnie konsultowanie to szczególne środowisko dla odpamiętywania wspomnień, bowiem ich treść jest równie istotna jak sposób opowiadania. Dla dobrej diagnozy konieczna staje się analiza obu tych elementów. Zbieranie ważnych informacji o życiu psychicznym każdego z partnerów możliwe jest także dzięki dobremu sojuszowi diagnostycznemu.

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Wartości rodzinne jako predyktory jakości bliskich związków interpersonalnych

Author(s): Katarzyna Walęcka-Matyja,Aleksandra Banach / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Cel Celem pracy było określenie, czy i w jaki sposób wartości rodzinne współwystępują z jakością relacji interpersonalnych dorosłych rodzeństw i parterów w bliskich długoterminowych związkach. Metoda W przeprowadzonym badaniu ilościowym zastosowano trzy narzędzia samoopisowe: Skalę familizmu, Kwestionariusz relacji dorosłych rodzeństw i Kwestionariusz zaangażowania interpersonalnego. W badaniu uczestniczyły 234 dorosłe osoby (M = 35; SD = 9,128). Kobiety stanowiły 64,1% próby (n = 150). Wyniki Do najczęściej wybieranych przez badanych wymiarów wartości rodzinnych należały Indywidualizm, Wsparcie rodzinne i Szacunek. Wartości rodzinne okazały się istotnymi predyktorami zarówno dla jakości relacji dorosłych rodzeństw, jak i zaangażowania interpersonalnego w bliski długoterminowy związek. Konkluzja Familizm przyczynia się do kształtowania prawidłowych, wspierających relacji interpersonalnych w bliskich związkach.

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Terapia zorientowana na ciało w profilaktyce zaburzeń odżywiania. Przegląd systematyczny

Author(s): Emilia Korsak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Cel Pomimo rosnącego znaczenia terapii zorientowanej na ciało i szerokiego stosowania metod wykorzystujących pracę z ciałem brakuje systematycznych przeglądów naukowych, które analizowałyby jej skuteczność w zakresie zaburzeń obrazu ciała u osób chorujących na anoreksję lub zagrożonych jej wystąpieniem. Stanowi to barierę zarówno dla praktyków sięgających po rozwiązania terapeutyczne, jak i teoretyków badających mechanizmy interwencji terapeutycznych czy edukatorów działających na rzecz profilaktyki zdrowia.Celem niniejszych rozważań jest przegląd badań dotyczących wpływu różnego rodzaju interwencji opartych na metodach pracy z ciałem na obraz ciała osób z zaburzeniami odżywiania lub zagrożonych zaburzeniami odżywiania typu anoreksja. Metoda Badanie przeprowadzono zgodnie ze standardem PRISMA. Zeksplorowano elektroniczne bazy danych (ProQuest, PsychINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science) w poszukiwaniu randomizowanych badań kontrolnych (RCT). Łącznie przeanalizowano 425 pozycji, z czego 69 pełnotekstowych artykułów zostało poddanych krytycznej ocenie. Ostatecznie do przeglądu włączono 15 badań, które spełniły wszystkie kryteria włączenia. Wyniki Analizy wskazują, że programy oparte na metodach pracy z ciałem, w porównaniu z grupami kontrolnymi, były bardziej skuteczne w redukowaniu czynników ryzyka i promowaniu czynników ochronnych, a dodanie ich do podstawowej formy terapii może prowadzić do znaczącego zmniejszenia objawów zaburzeń odżywiania. Konkluzje W przyszłości istotne byłoby bezpośrednie porównanie wpływu konkretnych typów interwencji na czynniki ryzyka i czynniki chroniące.

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Family values as predictors of the quality of close relationships

Author(s): Katarzyna Walęcka-Matyja,Aleksandra Banach / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Aim The aim of this study was to determine if and in what way family values influence the quality of interpersonal relationships of adult siblings and the partners in close long-term relationships. Method In the conducted quantitative research three self-descriptive tools were used: Familism Scale, Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire and Commitment Inventory. The research included 234 adults (M = 35; SD = 9.128). Women accounted for 64.1% of the sample (n = 150). Results Among the most frequently chosen family value dimensions were Individualism, Family support and Respect. Family values appeared to be significant predictors for both the quality of adult sibling relationships and interpersonal commitment in a close long-term relationship. Conclusion Familism contributes to developing proper interpersonal relationships in close relationships.

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Body-oriented therapy in the prevention of eating disorders. A systematic review

Author(s): Emilia Korsak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Aim Despite the growing significance of body-oriented therapy and the broad applicability of psychotherapeutic methods that focus on the body, there is a general scarcity of systematic reviews analyzing the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach in addressing body image problems in persons with anorexia or at risk of anorexia. The above constitutes a barrier for practitioners, theoreticians who investigate the mechanisms underpinning therapeutic interventions, as well as educators who implement health promotion programs. The aim of this article was to review research studies analyzing the effects of different body-oriented interventions on body image perception in persons suffering from or at risk of eating disorders such as anorexia. Methods The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Digital databases (ProQuest, PsychINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for randomized control trials (RCT). A total of 425 records, including 69 full-length research articles, were critically analyzed. Fifteen trials that met all inclusion criteria were ultimately included in the analysis. Results The review revealed that body-oriented therapeutic programs are more effective in reducing risk factors and reinforcing protective factors in comparison with the control groups, and that the inclusion of body-oriented therapy in standard therapeutic practice could substantially minimize the symptoms of eating disorders. Conclusions Further research is needed to directly compare the effects of different types of interventions on risk factors and protective factors.

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“A Necessary Shadow of Being”: Irony, Imagination, and Personal Identity

Author(s): Przemysław Bursztyka,Randall E. Auxier / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This is the second of the essays on the existential-ontological ground of otherness, in which we see this ground as essentially entwined with our personhood and our personal identities. We analyze irony as both a “mechanism” of constituting these very identities and as an act revealing their self-altering nature. Irony in our view — informed by Kierkegaard, phenomenology, and psychoanalysis — is a subtle existential strategy by means of which subjectivity (not “the subject”) not only asserts itself, but also, and much more importantly, initiates an open-ended process of self-actualization and self-formation. Irony, as we present it, is at once a form of defensive response against the “absolute” character of reality and comparably “absolutist” aspirations of an individual. Such responses open up a space of negotiation between and among these forces, in their creative interplay. In doing so the responses can be as constitutive for subjectivity as they can be disruptive. The disruption does not only undermine the (apparently) unshakeable forms of our self-understanding. More radically, the disruption puts on the stage our “alternative identities,” those with which we have to confront ourselves, whether in the negative mode of repression, or in the acts of positive, or even playful, recognition. In this way irony reveals and articulates otherness in the very heart of subjectivity.

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Soyutlama Becerisini Değerlendirmeye Yarayan Atasözleri Ölçeği’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Author(s): Hülya Aydın,Gülbahar Baştuğ,Sevinç Kırıcı,Erguvan Tuğba Özel Kızıl / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2022

In our country, there is a need for culture-specific scales to evaluate the cognitive skills of individuals such as abstraction and reasoning. In this study, it was aimed to develop the Proverbs Scale, which is used to evaluate the abstraction skills of individuals, and to examine its psychometric properties in healthy volunteers. The Standardized Mini-Mental Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Kitchen Picture Test, WAIS-R Comprehension and Similarities subscales and the Proverbs Scale were applied to 122 healthy volunteers, 56% (n=68) of whom were men and between the ages of 23-83 (x̅ age = 49.26, SD = 14.73). In the exploratory factor analysis of the Proverbs Scale, a multiple factor structure was obtained. It was determined that the Proverbs Scale scores were positively correlated with the WAIS-R Comprehension and Similarity subscales and the Kitchen Picture Test's Judgment subscale, which are used to measure abstraction and reasoning skills. The internal consistency of the scale was moderate (Cronbach alpha=.76), and the inter-rater reliability was high (r=.98). The results of this study indicate that the 15-item Proverbs Scale is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating abstraction skills.

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Pomiar otwartego i elastycznego myślenia (POEM). Polska adaptacja kwestionariusza do badania myślenia aktywnie otwartego (AOT)

Author(s): Anna Błaszczak,Marta Klocek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

AbstraktAimsThe aim of this research was to develop a Polish adaptation of the Actively Open-Minded Thinking (AOT) questionnaire. This questionnaire allows to assess the disposition to flexibly consider different problems from various perspectives, regardless of one’s initially favoured options, as well as the critical attitude in analysing information and forming opinions.MethodsThe research was conducted among two groups of adult participants. Validity of the AOT scale was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation coefficient analyses between the scale’s results and the measures of need for cognition, need for closure or cognitive reflection. Internal consistency of the Polish adaptation of the AOT scale was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha measure.ResultsPolish adaptation of the AOT questionnaire (Pomiar otwartego i elastycznego myślenia; POEM) satisfied the established reliability and validity criteria. Based on the conducted analyses, the instrument was significantly shortened relative to the original version of the AOT scale, with a similar approach seen in past research exploring the optimal item set with highest attainable psychometric properties. Internal consistency indices were sufficiently high and, in line with the researchers’ predictions, the instrument correlated with other measures of corresponding cognitive constructs.ConclusionsAOT is a dynamic variable, dependent upon the influence of training or experience. Polish adaptation of the scale measuring the phenomenon is an instrument with promising psychometric properties, worth further investigation. The POEM scale can be valuable in assessing open-minded thinking in educational settings, in research investigating the conditions facilitating social categorisation or radicalisation.

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From “Lure” to “Cure”. From Critical Spectatorship to a Relational Space of Reverie

Author(s): Maria Walsh / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2023

In her article, the author proposes to address the psychic ‘work’ of the moving image by aligning it with aspects of post-Bionian psychoanalytic theories that allude to virtual spaces as sites of reverie that, in enabling pre-linguistic ‘feelings’ to find expression, might produce shifts in thinking about disturbing or traumatic conditions and experiences. Her approach to psychoanalytic theory and the moving image is tested out in relation to one case study: Jeamin Cha’s artists’ film Sound Garden (2019), a film that refers to practices of counselling engaged in by four female protagonists who, on the soundtrack, reflect on their work and well-being in the context of neoliberalism in South Korean institutions.

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Sfinks i gorgony – ewolucja psychoanalitycznego bestiarium. Reinterpretacje

Author(s): Małgorzata Stępnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2023

W 1924 roku Beata Rank, de domo Minzer (1886–1967) publikuje esej opatrzony tytułem: Rola kobiety w ewolucji społeczeństwa. Tekst słynnej polskiej psychoanalityczki poświęcony jest w dużej mierze reinterpretacji (jakże wczesnej) swoistego bestiariusza wypracowanego przez Freudystów. W owej konstelacji figur, zapożyczonych z antycznego imaginarium, szczególne miejsce zajmują kobieco-zwierzęce hybrydy i (po)twory: sfinks, meduza, czy chimera. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prześledzenie tego, w jaki sposób postaci te zostały „przefiltrowane” przez pryzmat lektury écriture féminine – nade wszystko, w duchu Hélène Cixous, poniekąd zapowiadanym przez wczesną myśl Beaty Rank. Ilustrację dla pojętych w tekście rozważań stanowić będą wybrane dzieła współczesnych artystów.

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Adaptacja wtórna i inne statusy kondycyjne żałoby rodziców po stracie dziecka

Author(s): Zofia Dołęga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article is devoted to the characteristics of a course of the psychological crisis caused by a critical event, which is the death of a child. The author of the work refers to the cyclical- phase model of developmental changes, which is well-known in the developmental psychology, and the Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement (DPM) of Margaret Stroebe, Henk Schut and Catrin Finkenauer (1999, 2001, 2010, 2013, 2015). What parents experience after the loss of a child is not an identical and parallel process. The course of mourning in parents is not the same. Rather, it is the interweaving of different states of mourning, sometimes with a regres- sion to previous states. The result is a different mental condition of the mother and the father as a consequence of dealing more or less successfully with the loss of a child. The paper, based on theoretical and empirical analyses, proposes an original model of four psychological statuses of parents after the loss of a child. It takes into account the differentiation of the mental condition of parents in connection with the possibility of adequate psychological help. The bereavement status model (MSK) takes into consideration the statuses of secondary adaptation, unfinished mourning, complex persistent bereavement disorder, and the status of possible post-traumatic growth. A hypothesis worthy of empirical verification has been formulated that in assessing the mental condition of parents after the loss of a child, it is worth proposing a specific diagnostic package containing information on the life situation of the family; the time that has passed since the death of a child; the sex of the parent; intensification of feelings of loneliness, availability of social support and its perception by parents, and the assessment of coping strategies for everyday stress. It remains an open question, what are the direct and indirect relationships between these variables and whether their differentiation proves the legitimacy of distinguishing certain condi- tioning statuses of mourning in parents after the loss of a child. This is currently the subject of an empirical research testing out the MSK model.

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LACAN’S CONCEPT OF DESIRE AND ITS ARTICULATION IN ROMAN POLANSKI’S FILM REPULSION (1965)

Author(s): Petar Marković / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2023

In this paper, the author undertakes an analysis of the concept of desire (désir) within the theoretical framework set by the French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. The concept of desire is central to his theoretical thought. For Lacan desire is unconscious, not because there are no conscious desires, but because the unconscious is central to the psychoanalytical field. The author will also present the relation between demand and desire, as well as the concept of enjoyment (jouissance) related to both. Lacan defines man’s desire as the desire of Other. The paper aims at an explication of the articulation of desire through a case study of the character of Carol Ledoux in the film Repulsion (1965) directed by Roman Polanski, and the concept of female desire and its articulation by the notion of the Other.

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Modal Logic in Integrative Philosophical Practice

Author(s): Aleksandar Fatić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The paper discusses the differences between a practical emphasis on binary logic on the one hand, and modal logic, on the other, specifically in the fields of philosophical practice and psychotherapy. Although studies of practical applications of modal logic in the helping professions are recent, the discussion largely revolves around the controversial application of modality in psychotherapy by C.G. Jung and Lacan’s psychoanalysis. The present argument touches on some of the conceptual dilemmas associated with the relationship between logical modality, intuition and scientificity in psychotherapy, all of which are a part of the philosophical foundation of psychotherapy.

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