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Director has eluded several U.S. requests for his extradition to be sentenced for the 1977 abuse of a 13-year-old girl.
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Lakrimologija je, kao vrlo mlada znanost, posvećena suzama i plakanju. Ubrzano se razvija te razmatra i pomaže u liječenju fenomena povezanih sa suzama, plakanjem i sličnim suzećim pojavama, visoko specijalizirana doktrina sa strogo znanstvenim i metodičkim pristupom plakanju, razrađenom terminologijom i kategorizacijom, rječnikom i intervjuima u kojima se ispitanike podvrgava ispitivanju vezanom uz plakanje. Primjerice, koliko plačete, kada plačete; korespondencija između događaja i plakanja: postoji li ili ne postoji, mali plač za malu ranu, veliki plač za veliku ranu; zatim, nepodudaranje događaja i plakanja — to je onaj unutargenerativni, samoporađajući plač; onda kvantiteta i kvaliteta plača — je li onako rijedak ili obilan, više poput kapljica ili potoka; kakva mu je boja; kakvog su okusa suze, imaju li onaj pun, zaokružen vinski bouquet ili su više razvodnjene, okusa destilirane vode.
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Based on an analysis of pop cultural representations – the reality television show Serce z węgla [Heart of Coal, 2001] and the feature film Benek [Benek, 2007] – Kosterka examines the visualization of post-transformation Upper Silesia in 21st-century Polish film. She draws on psychoanalysis to explore why Upper Silesia has become attractive especially to those directors who aim to highlight the negative consequences of the socio-economic transformations after 1989: poverty, unemployment, frustration and a lack of perspective. The aim of this article is to draw readers’ attention to the fact that in 21st-century representations, Upper Silesia is mostly understood, visualized and spoken about as a space of ‘wilful exclusion,’ which has helped solidify the post-transformation status quo.
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Sigmund Freud, a scientist, whose significance in the field of psychology and in many other scientific disciplines is undeniable to this today, merges and implements his psychoanalytical insights to the analysis of literary works in his essay The Uncanny (1919) in order to illuminate the 'uncanny' phenomenon. What exactly is the 'uncanny'? By which factors is it determined? How does Sigmund Freud apply his insights from psychoanalysis to explain the phenomenon in literature, and in turn to get closer to the understanding of the 'uncanny' as such? And what is the use of the synthesis of literary analysis and psychoanalysis for literary studies? The aim of this paper is to address these questions by following Freud's essay The Uncanny (1919). First of all, the narrowing of the definition of the 'uncanny' derived from Freud's etymological considerations needs to be carried out. In the following step, the 'uncanny' derived from his psychoanalysis needs to be differentiated into the 'uncanny of experience' and into the 'uncanny of fiction'. On this basis the 'uncanny' is then to be applied specifically to the works of literature resulting in their Freudian psychoanalytic interpretation. In conclusion, the beneficial implications of combining literary analysis and psychoanalysis to the study of the 'uncanny' phenomenon and to the literary studies are to be evaluated.
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The principal theme of the article is the ontological status of Michel Foucault's archaeology of knowledge, with reference to “aporetic” source of its inspiration, which was undoubtedly structuralism and lacanian psychoanalysis. If Foucault's main notion – discourse, is based on the socio-historical permanence of statements related to the same formation rules, discourse formation is the field where the statements are linked and stabilized in their division. The major issue is the materiality of these statements, and consequently the material transformation rules of discourse emergence, the constitutive principle of discontinuity. As Gilles Deleuze wrote: “The present is a roll the dice [...] in one go, bones and rules are rolling”. The discourse is not just a collection of more or less structured rules, but rather a set of practices that perform an act; subjects (individual or collective) therefore do not have a permanent, structured identity within the discourse, but rather represent a constant change and the result of empowerment practices which have their own history. Reproduction of discourse is at the core of Foucault’s method (also after the “archaeological” period), which could lead us to formulate a concept of “extradiscursive politics”.
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Background: Body dissatisfaction is important to examine as it is an essential evaluative part of the self-system and can have an impact on psychological and physical health. It is a complex phenomenon and seems to include more factors. The scale of body dissatisfaction for adolescents (EEICA) is a multidimensional verbal method measuring body dissatisfaction. However, its factor structure has only been identified in a Spanish adolescent sample. Aim: The main aim of this study is to identify factors of the EEICA for university students from Slovakia, Hungary and Lithuania. Methods: 2357 first year university students completed the EEICA online as part of the SLiCE study. Principal axis factoring with Varimax rotation was performed for each country separately. Intercorrelations between factors via the Pearson correlation coefficient were tested as well. Results: The study revealed a three-factor structure of the EEICA in each country (Self-acceptance and acceptance by others based on appearance, Weight control together with efforts to improve one´s appearance and Low weight dissatisfaction) after excluding 9 items. In addition, the results revealed a significant association between body evaluation and behavior connected to body appearance. Conclusions: This factor structure helps to distinguish between (1) cognitive and emotional body evaluation and (2) behavioral aspects connected to body appearance. This structure differs from the previous factor structure in Spanish adolescents and it has revealed a new relevant factor named Low weight dissatisfaction, which has so far been rarely explored. Future research may focus on this factor as well as on the complex validation of the EEICA in different age categories.
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This article brings an interpretation of Enquist’s drama For Phaedra from a political and social point of view. It compares it to the previous dramas based on the myth of Phaedra and Hippolytus written by Euripides, Seneca, Racine, Zola and Kane. It argues that having lost social and internal values, characters of the drama feel useless, which leads to a revolt against the system. For a better understanding of the main thesis of the article the author relies on psychoanalytical explanations which Enquist used in his comments and remarks on the drama. The author focuses on the evolution and changes in society, especially increasing material wealth that leads to the alienation of man, which allowed a critical application of the myth onto our society and its problems. The drama displays Enquist’s social democratic political attitudes. The characters are mirrored in each other with the only exception: the character of Theseus represents a man and politician in one person who has abused his power. He changes history to what he wants it to be, and he considers his wife and the rest of the family as his property, not as human beings. Phaedra tries to seduce her son-in-law Hippolytus to revenge for Theseus’s behaviour. When Hippolytus dies and she commits suicide, the character of a cleaner appears. Theramenes and Aricia follow him to change the unjust political system.
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The paper discusses Freud's views and opinions on homosexuality in Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality and Oedipal theory. In the first work homosexuality was interpreted as an inversion of sexual drive (inversional theory). In the second phase, while postulating Oedipal theory, Freud established developmental model. As in the case of most of the author's speculation, such as those about homosexuality were also subject to processing and rejection or supplementing. The question is what caused the abandonment of inversional theory on the behalf of developmental theory. Relation between the two theories will also be examined through two basic approaches of interpretation of Freud's views on homosexuality.
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This article presents the way in which Witold Gombrowicz’s works were interpreted by the Argentine writers who edited the periodical Literal in the 1970s. Drawing on the ideas that dominated comparative literature at the time, they soon began to discuss the Polish writer’s ‘Argentinization’ as well as the main traits of his work. Besides Literal, these reflections also appeared in the novel Cancha rayada by Germán García. This approach does not rely on the aesthetics of the ‘novel as testimony,’ which were popular at the time. Instead, it accentuates the text rather than the writer (departing from the key paradigm of the day) and builds on Lacanian psychoanalysis.
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The author offers a re-reading of the figure of a father, around which Bruno Schulz’s work oscillates. Schulz’s father is made a patron of anti-hermeneutic literary studies, whose ambition is to transcend the opposition between comprehension and incomprehension of a text. This father favours a reading which is dissolute and scandalous. Therefore, as a figure embodying bliss, he is called here a father-shocker (in a creative reference to Lacan’s concept of le père… ou pire) – a perverted “lawgiver,” who obliges one even to violate the law and transgress the rules of the canon. He is the one who allows for acting on one’s own anti-rules: the more they are, on the one hand, materialistic and subversive, and on the other, pragmatic and inclusive, the more difficult it is to distance oneself from them or to reject them – and thus create a space for the sovereignty of the subject. Yet, as the author persuades, the readers do not know other than an obscene father; thus they necessarily play on his terms – but it is only when one gives in to him completely that it is possible to outplay him, that is to liberate new reading possibilities.
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When we relate love to jealousy and jealousy to love, we should be aware that there is a constant wish, or even desire, to “save” love from jealousy. Moreover, that the notion of jealousy has negative connotations: that jealousy is something that can wound the other; that jealousy is something one should be ashamed of (perhaps, being aggressive); that jealousy is something one should be fearful of (perhaps, being excluded); and what I consider as the most important – that because of jealousy one might suffer from being subject/ed to a kind of affection that is considered as “craziness,” but not any kind of craziness – the “craziness” that is at the same time craziness and banality. Being common. Being a common being.
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Erich Fromm, Bruno Bettelheim és Erik H. Erikson amerikai pályája
The essay attempts to compare the careers of three famous psychoanalysts, Erich Fromm, Bruno Bettelheim, and Erik H. Erikson from the point of view of the history of science and the sociology of knowledge. All of them came from Central Europe, from Jewish families. Their life work unfolded in America, but their thinking had been determined by their European experiences and questions: the meaning of freedom, the dilemma of survival, and the nature of identity. In the 1960s and 1970s they were respected not only as psychoanalysts and social thinkers, but as public intellectuals, too. For today, however, they became “forgotten intellectuals”. The essay points out those social, scientific, political, and personal factors that played a part in their decline.
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Dok je Frojd u Beču krčio put psihoanalizi nakon 1900. godine, Karl Kraus se pojavio kao oštar kritičar korumpiranosti štampe i njene zloupotrebe jezika. Najneposrednije sredstvo njegove satire bilo je to da tumači novinske članke, često naglašavajući ne više od jedne reči, kao u sledećem navodu iz avgusta 1899: »Da die Polizei Demonstrationen vor dem Stalehner’schen Etablissement besorgte, wurde dieses von der Wache besetzt…« /«Pošto se policija pobrinula za demonstracije ispred Stalenerove ‘kuće’, zauzeli su je čuvari...«/ (F 15, 1899, 29)
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In teaching short story, there are lots of techniques, methods and approaches. One of these methods, especially for the students at the foreign language departments of universities, is literary approaches. Sometimes by abandoning the traditional ways of teaching short story, a trainer may make use of the literary approaches. Analyzing a short story by means of using one or more approaches may not only change the students' points of view, but also may lead them to think in different aspects. Such a study may be different, enjoyable and beneficial, apart from being monotonous, both for the trainer and the students. There are quite a good many literary approaches, and it is not possible to give information all about them in this study; thus, only their names will be mentioned here; and then psychoanalytic approach will be explained since it will be applied to a short story. Finally, William Faulkner's short story "A Rose For Emily" will be analyzed by applying this approach.
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Freud defined his discovery as “the birth of psychoanalysis”, whereas Lacan defined his relation to Freud as “a return to Freud”. The main characteristic of this return was its orientation into the opposite direction of the American ego-psychology, its positive definition being a return to the “letter of Freud”, or a return through language, and all what Lévi-Strauss and Lacan called “the symbolic”. The paper aims to present a philosophical reading of Freud, and the question whether, in Lacan's “structural” return, something has not been lost, what might have been of crucial importance for the discovery of psychoanalysis as such. In this context, some of the main Freud's concepts, needed for such a re-examination of “Lacanian orientation”, are being discussed, focusing upon Freud's insistence that subjectivity has to be defined by sexual difference and sexuality, and that beyond men and women there is no universal Man or Subject as such. Freud's initial question “What does a woman want?” is contextualized through his other question “How one becomes woman?”, whereas Freud's epistemological hesitations around symmetry and asymmetry of sexual difference are related to philosophical category of the aleatory. The paper concludes with the conclusion that in this perspective Lacan's return to Freud could be characterized as a return to essentialism, or even to implicit antifeminism. In opposition to Lacan, Freud always insisted on the difference between women and men as something that cannot be explained, and that the notion of bisexuality should not be abandoned. Using Beauvoir's critique of Lévi-Strauss, Freud's hesitations and his undecidedness of symmetry or asymmetry is explained as ontological category of a chance without a cause, and as the most repressed part of what later Althusser addressed to as “the repressed current” of aleatory materialism.
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This study is grounded in the considerable body of scholarship examining Kristeva’s psychoanalytically informed notion of the subject, her urging on the singularity and plurality of existence, her conception of language and the speaking subject, and the theoretical and psychoanalytic substance of her fiction. As a result of these earlier research findings, this study sought to determine Kristeva’s affirmation of the critical position of embodiment to human existence, her employment of the concept of the semiotic, her analytical or psychoanalytic approach of fiction writing, and the underlying function of destructiveness in her conception of the subject. The theory that I shall seek to elaborate here puts considerable emphasis on Kristeva’s persistence on heterogeneity and alterity, her explanation of the link between the semiotic and the symbolic, her articulation of the connection between language and the body, and the psychosexual and racial accounts that establish her principles of freedom. pp. 94–100
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Kraus je stekao slavu time što je bio jedan od Frojdovih najglasovitijih oponenata. Njegova dela su se koristila u nameri da se diskredituje cela zgrada psihoanalize. Na drugoj strani, Frojdovi sledbenici su se naročito založili da podriju Krausovu poziciju. Da bi se cela ova priča postavila na svoje pravo mesto, neophodno je pokazati koliko su obe strane imale nešto zajedničko čak i onda kada su im se putevi razilazili. Oba autora su bila svakako najveći kritičari civilizacijskog nezadovoljstva, koje je poticalo od habzburškog Beča, i njihove su se dijagnoze u suštini dopunjavale.
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In this book, specially prepared by the author for Belgrade Circle, main topic is contemporary political situation viewed globally. Through sharp criticism author deals with such phenomena as globalization, nationalism, war, still alive Stalinism and Nazism, etc. Using his well-known theoretical apparatus, Lacanian psychoanalysis, author investigates these phenomena as shown in film, media, advertisement, new technologies…
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