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The article scrutinizes how autobiographism, fiction and autoanalysis crisscross in the psychoanalytical study Elmebetegségek psychikus mechanizmusa (On the psychic mechanisms of mental illnesses) by the Hungarian writer and psychiatrist Géza Csáth (1887–1919) in the light of his diary and Carl Gustav Jung’s doctoral thesis.
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In this paper entitled BULLYING in schools - Activities through which teachers can prevent Bullying at school, we propose to present a worrying reality of our day by proposing some preventive ways that could come in support of a worrying phenomenon, which has increased in size in schools in Romania. We consider that the teaching staff also plays an important role in trying to stop this phenomenon, by implementing some active-participatory activities in the classroom, activities that we intend to highlight in this paper.
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The relations linking cultural anthropology of Claude Lévi- -Strauss to psychoanalysis of Jacques Lacan have not yet been properly criticized in the anthropological literature. Whereas published in 1949 works of psychoanalytically informed Lévi-Strauss played a key part in Lacanʼs “return to Freud” in the spirit of structural linguistics. A closer examination of these texts as well as central concepts of structural anthropology and Lacanian psychoanalysis, taking into account not only the historical development of the latter, but also their ethnographic and clinical sources, raises fundamental questions about falsifiability, consistency, explanatory power and plausibility of structuralist hypotheses. The direction of inspiration was defined and always led from anthropological to psychoanalytic structuralism, although the former was often built on the basis of unjustified analogies, factual inaccuracies and excessive generalizations, and the latter additionally on the basis of manipulations present in both Freud’s and Lacanʼs writings.
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This paper is actually a review of the status of psychoanalysis versus science. The lack of articles in contemporary discussions, and the absence of the topic of psychoanalysis suggests that there is less interest in the given topic. The impression is that the therapist who has the function of a patient does not have the time for other means of research and work. This supports the contemporary views that a therapist is, figuratively speaking, married to therapy and, therefore, cannot do anything for its sake. Strong criticism persisting even today is that addressed to Freud (in reference to relational psychoanalysis), arguing that he could not even bear to be seen as a warm and gentle figure by his patients. He is even known to have sat in a chair behind the headrest of the sofa used by the patient, in order to avoid looking the patients in the eyes, claiming it to be bothersome. The third century of the existence of psychoanalysis seems to be the time of questioning of whether the interest in this topic is disappearing. The corpus of psychoanalysis has been implemented throughout the 20th century. The general attitudes are that the analytical method has to change. Contemporary society wants quick results because the contemporary individual has little time. Psychoanalysis has always preferred the quiet, which now is a bad strategy, because very little has been done about its visibility and promotion.
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The aim of the analysis is to present selected non-biblical intertextual references appearing in the novel Franz et François by the Belgian writer François Weyergans. They create a polylogue of voices coming from various areas of culture, e.g. literature (Gide), philosophy (Sartre, Camus) or psychoanalysis (Freud, Karl Abraham), and often taking issue with the world of traditional biblical values. As such these references illustrate well the process of individuation of the hero of the novel who, full of guilt, moves away from the Bible and from his father.
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The aim of this paper is to bear out the similarity between the model of subjectivity that emerges from Paul Ricoeur’s theory of narrative identity and the one implied in some of the psychoanalytic conceptions of narcissism. Presented are Ricoeur’s views on a dialectic relation between the narrative forming an individual’s identity and lived reality. In Ricoeur’s theory stories are entangled in pre-narrative life yet at the same time they do transform it by imbuing it with a meaning. The narrative so perceived turns into a defence mechanism protecting singularity against overwhelming reality, which development draws it to the psychoanalytical notion of narcissism. Selected conceptions of narcissism (Freud, Klein, Winnicott) are reviewed to indicate that narcissism, similarly as the narrative, is based on a dialectical relation between reflection and transformation, dependence and autonomy, incoherence and coherence. Presented are also Julia Kristeva’s views attributing an inherently narrative character to narcissism.
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Cinema is a multi-dimensional branch of art that is influenced by economic, political and social processes rather than merely an aesthetic tool, but also has the potential to reproduce them. In addition to the characters in the movies and the viewers identified with these characters, the screenwriters and directors who are the creators of the films have been tried to be explained with various theories since the first years of the cinema. Psychoanalytic film analysis, which looks at cinema as a device that regulates psycho-social processes, as well as discussing the impact of films on the axis of viewers, identification, culture, gaze or “magic”, it appears as a theory that tries to uncover the psychic meanings that lie deep in the film image from the very beginning. A study based on Sigmund Freud, who is known as the founder of psychoanalysis, links the film with the psychic processes, and discusses the mental state of both the characters and the director and the audience. In Freudian theory, the structural personality model, which consists of three abstract elements such as id, ego and superego, is thought to be an important building block in the description of the characters in the movies. In this sense, this study, based on psychoanalytic film analysis, tried to find an answer to the question of whether Roman Polanski’s film “Knife in the Water” is a reflection of the structural personality model and that the characters in the film were built on id, ego and superego.
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The article speaks to the deconstruction of men’s images in William Wyler’s films. One may observe a different paradigm of what is male in the said director’s pacifist trilogy. The alternative masculinity utopias constructed therein are quite awe-inducing due to their emancipatory scope. Friendly Persuasion (1956), The Big Country, and Ben-Hur (1959) are films depicting not only the fight against patriarchal stereotype, but also reaching beyond the restrictions of heteronormativity. The libidal coordinates of the narratives are in sync with biopolitical status of modernity. Surprisingly enough, at the heart of Hollywood some brave cinematic post-masculine projects were developed.
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Luce Irigaray in Conversation with Katarzyna Szopa.
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Statistics published in many different countries seem to point to the fact that women are much more likely than men ask for psychiatric/psychotherapeutic care. Although there is not a clearcut case for saying that more women suffer from psychiatric/ mental illnesses, it seems to be unquestionable that women dominate in particular disease categories: depression, eating disorders, anxiety and phobias . syndromes which were formerly covered by the label .hysteria. (Ussher, 1991).
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Ethics, one of the main branches of philosophy, deals with researching moral issues, dealing, for example, with the issue of good and evil, situational behavior and even with what we are supposed to do in certain instances, because, as Aristotle claimed, ethics can be seen as the sum of traditions and human behaviors and how it regards the way in which we act and react according to the principles rooted deep down into ourselves. Also, ethics must be correlated with the usefulness and the morality of an action, as well as with the issue of good and evil. Starting from these, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the directions ethics take in the educational system, in the context in which the issue of ethics is raised more and more often in some schools. That being said, we will also recount a few case studies starting from personal and professional experience.
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This article reflects a particular aspect of Merleau-Ponty phenomenological understanding of expression which solves the problem of other selves. As part of the solution I have explained Merleau-Ponty’s concepts of materialism and intellectualism and the introduction of embodied subjectivity. When we understand embodied subjectivity as the constitutive aspect that refers to the totality of an individual, this enables us to understand the concept of expression both in terms of bodily gestures and also from the perspective of linguistic expressions. When we understand the meaning of expressions in this way the concept of expression thus opens us up to understand others because of the sharing aspect of language as well as the world. It thus explains from the embodied expression to the notion of bodily gestures and from the bodily expression to facial expression in particular and expression in general dismissing the idea that expressions are not the result of our mental states.
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In the silent Weimar films of Fritz Lang, the heroines have sudden encounters with Death, conceived both as an allegorical figure and as an unexpected violent end of the life of their fiancé, husband or loved one. The nameless Maiden, the main heroine of Der müde Tod (The Weary Death, known in English-language countries as Destiny, 1921), while looking for her fiancé, who was kidnapped by Death, tries three times to regain his life and finally, overcome by Death, commits suicide. Two queens of Burgundy in Die Nibelungen (The Nibelungs, 1924), Kriemhild and Brunhild, motivated by resentment and vengeance, as well as by unfulfilled love, finally appear to be zombie-like self-destructive monsters, destroying the social and political order, and the lives of many human beings. The paper, with the use of the psychoanalytic concepts of melancholy and the mourning “not-worked-out” by the persons who have lost their loved ones, analyses the ambiguous attitudes and self-destructive acts of these “women in black”..
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The article explores the auto/biographical narratives devoted to Freud written by his disciples. The author argues that both biography and autobiography were important life-writing genres used by psychoanalysts in the first half of the twentieth century to express their subjective views on the history of the psychoanalytic movement. The chosen biographies of Freud shed light on the close relationship between “subjective” autobiographical discourse (based on self-observation and auto-analysis) and the “objective” role of a biographer. The author argues that the early auto/ biographies of Freud’s disciples presented a different history of psychoanalytic knowledge, where the collective thinking and affective relationships are shown to be crucial in the development of the psychoanalytic movement.
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From their psychological and philosophical aspects in this paper, the authors aim to mark the 80th anniversary of the death of the prominent thinker and researcher Sigmund Freud (Sigmund Freud, 1856-1939, London), a Viennese and global psychoanalysts, neuropsychiatrist, along with modifications by his associates and students. The discussion of this paper provides insight into the concepts of unconscious motivation, conflict and symbolism, which represent a subject of analysis of numerous theses and hypotheses Freud had during the treatment of patients, primarily neurotics. Furthermore, this paper studies Freud's analyses which indicate that nothing in a psychical life is accidental, and particularly such occurrence and phenomena which cannot be explained other than by facts inherent in the clear and sensible consciousness that go beyond the knowledge of the unconscious psyche. In this context, the authors came to the conclusion that the conscious activity in Freud's opinion occupies a smaller part of the psychic apparatus, and on the other hand, the greater part consists of unconscious impulses, tendencies that essentially control the awareness and behavioral impulses of human beings. Consequently, Freud's psychoanalysis, as a theory, represents a work of a prominent genius, a radical milestone in psychology. In that regard, Freud's research in the field of psychoanalysis is a contribution to futurology, i.e. a discipline that deals with scientific research of treating complex mental illness in the future.
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From Letter to Phantasm. Some Remarks on Deleuze and Psychoanalysis in Logic of Sense. Our aim is to show how the two heterogeneous series of “letter” and “phantasm” make possible, through their convergence understood as the event of sense, a double passage. First, in the order of the Symbolic, the passage of the signifier into the signified. Second, the passage of the whole Symbolic order out of the desiring body. It will be shown that this amounts to a re-conceptualization of causality as sense – event.
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Law and Perversion as the Limit of Enjoyment. On the Question of Jouissance in Psychoanalysis and Phenomenology. As a psychoanalyst, Jacques Lacan differentiated between the impossibility of symbolic representation covering the real (le réel) and the enjoyment (jouissance), which only partially subject itself to such signifiers and therefore leaves a real rest - the “object a”. This “object a”, which is different from the imaginary object, represents a non-assimilable excess that occurs on the one hand as the cause of desire (désir) and on the other hand refers back to the intrinsically concealed presence of “object a” as the origin of fear. The cure consists in crossing this phantasm to give up the original identification; that is, to see the tension between the desire for recognition and the demand in need (besoin) and thereby to dissolve it. Insofar as the subject is split between the singular truth of desire and a general knowledge about it, interdiction, law and perversion are forming a special relation as frontier of enjoyment.
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One of the key characteristics identifying Generation Y is the tension between cultural homogeneity and cultural heterogeneity. Direct access to the information from all over the world becomes the cause of the occurrence of complex processes of interpretation, translation, mutation and adaptation of the global content to the local one. Generation Y are shaping their ideas on professional career in this very context. This article aims to answer the question to what extent the picture of a career of the representatives of Gen Y is unified and global, and in particular how they assess their chances of achieving career success. The theoretical basis of the research is the concept of C.R. Snyder where hope is understood as belief in the possession of competences enabling success achievement. It is a cognitive approach, treating hope as a cognitive motivational process units related to the belief of an individual that he or she will succeed and that success will be the consequence of their own competence. The article presents the results of own research conducted among students of Management Department from Poland, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Austria and Russia in 2012-2014.
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