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A Preliminary Study of DBH (Encoding Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase) Genetic Variation and Neural Correlates of Emotional and Motivational Processing in Individuals with and without Pathological Gambling

Author(s): Bao-Zhu Yang,Iris M. Balodis,Cheryl M. Lacadie,Jiansong Xu,Marc N. Potenza / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Corticostriatal-limbic neurocircuitry, emotional and motivational processing, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems and genetic factors have all been implicated in pathological gambling (PG). However, allelic variants of genes influencing dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitters have not been investigated with respect to the neural correlates of emotional and motivational states in PG. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine; the T allele of a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1611115 (C-1021T) in the DBH gene is associated with less DBH activity and has been linked to emotional processes and addiction. Here, we investigate the influence of rs1611115 on the neural correlates of emotional and motivational processing in PG and healthy comparison (HC) participants. Methods: While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, 18 PG and 25 HC participants, all European Americans, viewed gambling-, sad-, and cocaine-related videotapes. Analyses focused on brain activation differences related to DBH genotype (CC/T-carrier [i.e., CT and TT]) and condition (sad/gambling/cocaine). Results: CC participants demonstrated greater recruitment of corticostriatal-limbic regions, relative to T-carriers. DBH variants were also associated with altered corticostriatal-limbic activations across the different videotape conditions, and this association appeared to be driven by greater activation in CC participants relative to T-carriers during the sad condition. CC relative to T-carrier subjects also reported greater subjective sadness to the sad videotapes. Conclusions: Individual differences in genetic composition linked to aminergic function contribute significantly to emotional regulation across diagnostic groups and warrant further investigation in PG.

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A psychoanalytic reading of Tanure Ojaide’s poetry

Author(s): Solomon Awuzie / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Psychoanalysis as a literary theory has helped to improve understanding about “human behaviour and human mental functioning.” This is achieved through its perception of the human race as neurotic. However, with its application in poetic interpretation, poetry is perceived as an expression of displaced neurotic conflict: a consoling illusion, symptom, socially acceptable phantasy or substitute gratification. With the psychoanalytic reading of the poetry of Tanure Ojaide, an Anglophone African poet, poetry is understood as an expression of symptoms of the poet’s personal and societal neurotic tendencies. Since our emphasis is on Jungian psychoanalysis, analyzing Ojaide’s poetry through the orbits of the archetypes of Jungian psychoanalysis help to foreground the poetry as a consoling illusion or substitute gratification. Whereas the study reveals that Ojaide’s poetry is dominated by the archetype of the “wounded healer” - a symbol of a wounded personality who also doubles as the needed messiah (the healer), it is depicted that the dominant nature of the archetype of the “wounded healer” is a result of the poet’s experience which is at the centre of his poetic expression.

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Acculturation Process and Ethnic Identity of Immigrants in Germany

Author(s): Liudmyla Smokova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

In the present study, we discuss psychological acculturation, by which we mean the internal processes of change that immigrants experience when they come into direct contact with members of the host culture. The model we present builds on research in the areas of social and ethnic identity. Each of these perspectives is discussed in accordance with its relevance to the acculturative processes operating in immigrants. We understand ethnic identity as a dynamic state, that is determined by three components: (1) by the degree of inclusion in the group of one’s cultural origin; (2) the tendency to assimilate to the ethnic group of origin; and (3) the complementary tendency to differentiate from one’s own ethnic group. Social identity conveys belonging of the individual to different social categories and the value as well as emotional significance of this membership. We have sought to explain how the processes of social categorization, inand out-group identification and social comparison predetermine the direction of the acculturation process and hence the intercultural interaction and wellbeing of the youth from immigrant backgrounds in Germany. Results indicated that immigrants who have more identified themselves with dominant society have expressed the strong preference to integration strategies. The immigrants that had a high degree of ethnic identification have expressed the low preference to the integration as well to marginalization and assimilation. In its turn, the powerful feeling of belonging to an ethnic group and attitude towards the group promotes immigrants segregation choice.

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Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) for Parental Assessment of Adolescent Problematic Internet Use

Author(s): Lutz Wartberg,Levente Kriston,Katharina Kegel,Rainer Thomasius / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

The surge of problematic Internet use in adolescents is a continuously growing problem across the globe. To our knowledge, to date valid questionnaire-based measurement of problematic Internet use is possible only by self-assessment. The objective for the present study was to adapt an established instrument for a parental assessment of adolescent problematic Internet use and to evaluate the psychometric properties of this questionnaire. Methods: Data were collected from a representative German sample of 1,000 parents of adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years using a standardized questionnaire. To assess problematic Internet use, we adapted the established Young Diagnostic Questionnaire by rewording the items to survey a parental rating instead of a self-report (“Parental version of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire,” PYDQ). Additionally, we assessed the Internet usage time, parental monitoring, family functioning, school performance of the adolescent, and parent–adolescent conflicts. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis based on the 8 items of the PYDQ modeled as categorical indicators and one latent factor using a robust weighted least squares estimator. We also calculated a reliability coefficient, the acceptance of the instrument, and performed correlation analyses. Results: The unidimensional model showed excellent global goodness-of-fit (χ2/df = 1.65, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99) and satisfactory factor loadings (standardized values ranged from 0.60 to 0.77). We observed a reliability coefficient of 0.70, a good acceptance of the instrument, and the correlation analyses indicated the construct validity of the PYDQ. Discussion and conclusion: The proposed PYDQ is a suitable instrument for parental assessment of adolescent problematic Internet use.

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Affekt und Phantasie im Aufb au personaler Realitäten. Zur emotiven Wirkungsphänomenologie der Lebenswelt

Author(s): Jagna Brudzinska / Language(s): German / Issue: 57supl./2012

In the modern philosophy fantasies, affects and emotions are often unregarded or dismissed as subject of psychology. Today they are (re-)discovered by the modern cognitive – and neurosciences. But first of all it is the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl which investigates fantasies and affects with regard to its constitutive functions in the self and world experience. The phenomenology interprets fantasies and affects by its fundamental functions of the emotive effectiveness as a consciousness of a concrete bodily and personal subjectivity. Only with the genetic-phenomenological intentional analysis fantasies, bodily affects and emotions can also be investigated within the deeper levels of passive experience with regard to its subjective and intersubjective effectiveness as affections, kinaesthesis and phantasma. The method of genetic phenomenology makes it possible to understand the emotive dynamics of these fields and to find out the concrete emotive achievements of sense-performing in our subjective life. In my contribution I discuss these aspects beginning with the draft of a phenomenological concept of emotiveness. I describe the basic character of the emotive effectiveness-structure of the subjective constitution and discuss the phenomenological understanding of fantasy as a consciousness of experience with regard to its emotive structure of effectiveness. Thereby I consider its temporal and motivational dynamics. On this background I analyze the emotive aspect of the personal as well as interpersonal constitution and finally I shortly describe a specific structure of intersubjective sympathetic experience, which has in my view a fundamental significance for the genesis of our shared world as life-world. This sympathetic experience can only be interpreted with respect to the understanding of the emotive structure of experiencing consciousness. In this way fantasies, affects and emotions get a new importance as a research field of theoretical and practical phenomenology

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AM LEBEN SEIN. DASEINSANALYTISCHE ZUGÄNGE ZUR KINDER-UND JUGENDLICHENPSYCHOTHERAPIE

Author(s): Charlotte Spitzer / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2016

“To be alive”. A sixteen years old client of mine used this expression to describe her wish and within the possibility of what may come after the therapeutic process. It is a beautiful and pure and at the same time a universal uttering. The epochs of childhood and youth are very special periods in the life of all of us. Never again we experience such an immense kind of development in our existential possibilities. It’s intensity, tempo and dimensions are tremendous. Therefore the risks are also very high. In this process we are highly sensitive, vulnerable and bare so that every difficulty, every disappointment, every – even short – loss of love can have a deep and devastating impact on our possibilities to be open to the world and be free in living out our own Dasein as well as living out from our own true ground. In this particular period of life, we are totally and utterly exposed and if we don’t get what we need in order to develop and grow in our unique way, if we are unable to respond appropriately to what life brings for us, we develop psychological disorders. In my article I would like to illuminate the human existence, this very specific period of life, through daseinsanalytical, phenomenological view. This includes personality development, openness towards the unique individual possibilities to come to the world and getting and staying open to the world, being truly alive. The term “development” is discussed here in its phenomenological understanding, describing the phenomenon as becoming more and more open to the world due to the unique individual possibilities. Furthermore some Existentialia and how they reveal itself in their singular mode to the world are being outlined in different phases of childhood and youth.Finally the therapeutic uniqueness of daseinsanalytical relationship is described under the aspect of psychotherapy with youth.

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An illness of one’s own. Memoir as art form and research as witness

Author(s): Arthur W. Frank / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

The author reviews his own experiences of writing an illness memoir, asking what makes such storytelling possible. How telling stories about suffering can precipitate healing is then considered. Finally, the argument pivots to health care research, asking what sort of research would be consistent with the ideas about illness that have been expressed.

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An Optimist of the Soul. Ferenc Mérei: Társ és csoport (Companion and Group). Freud fényében és árnyékában (In the Light and Shadow of Freud). A pszichológiai labirintus (The Psychological Labyrinth)

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An Optimist of the Soul. Ferenc Mérei: Társ és csoport (Companion and Group). Freud fényében és árnyékában (In the Light and Shadow of Freud). A pszichológiai labirintus (The Psychological Labyrinth)

Author(s): Ferenc Eros / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/1991

When I began studying psychology in the mid 1960s at Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, the name Ferenc Mérei could hardly be spoken above a whisper. Indeed, only through whispers did one learn that Mérei was a free man once again, and had found a job: as a clinical psychologist at the National Institute for Mental Health.

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Apie Filosofines Dailės Terapijos Ištakas Ir Taikymo Galimybes

Author(s): Vaida Asakaviciute / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 89/2016

The article reviews the philosophical and psychological origins of Art Therapy and its practical application possibilities. A special focus is given to the influence of the views based on philosophical and psychological ideas of art therapy functions, methods and practical significance. The article aims to highlight the positive benefits of the adoption of art therapy techniques and their effects on health of a human soul and body as well as a self-cognition. The focus is on a creative process, which is considered to be one of the most important elements of art therapy. The advantages of art therapy, such as a self-expression through colours, the personality in self-creation, the education of the personal creativeness and spirituality, are concisely presented in the paper.

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Apie Filosofines Dailės Terapijos Ištakas Ir Taikymo Galimybes

Author(s): Vaida Asakaviciute / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 88/2016

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Apie Neklasikinę Filosofijà Neklasikiniu Stiliumi (Leonardos Jekentaitës Kûrybos Interpretacija)

Author(s): Bronislovas Kuzmickas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 60/2009

Thie paper is dedicated to the interpretation of the works of Leonarda Jekentaitë (1946-2008), in which she analyses the views of non-classical philosophers. They speak about the reality and the human existence and the style of their writings is more artistic than theoretical. The first article is about the philosophy of Kant. Although it has been two hundred years since this thinker, the main ideas of his anthropology continue to be urgent, makes us to go back to the categorical imperative of Kant and rethink it in the epoch of jazz. The impact of A. Schopenhauer's philosophy is felt in the writings of contemporary French postmodernists, particularly in those of Gilles Deleuze. As most important among the non-classical philosophers is considered S. Kierkegaard. One of the most significant trends of Lithuanian art can be characterised using Kierkegaardan terminology, as demonic aestheticism. The force of expression rises from mental experiments and self-destruction which are signs of longing after the lost sense of the certainty of reality and faith in God. Interpreting F. Nietzsche's philosophy she emphasizes the uncompromising critique by him of the theoretical attitude to life and proclamation of the will to power. Nietzsche saw a descrepancy between two levels of consciousness in European mentality: the superficial level of Judeo-Christian virtues and Pagan values, authentic but condemned.

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Apie Neklasikinę Filosofiją Neklasikiniu Stiliumi (Leonardos Jekentaitës Kûrybos Interpretacija)

Author(s): Bronislovas Kuzmickas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 59/2009

This paper is dedicated to the interpretation of the works of Leonarda Jekentaitë (1946-2008), in which she analyses the views of non-classical philosophers. They speak about the reality and the human existence and the style of their writings is more artistic than theoretical. The first article is about the philosophy of Kant. Although it has been two hundred years since this thinker, the main ideas of his anthropology continue to be urgent, makes us to go back to the categorical imperative of Kant and rethink it in the epoch of jazz. The impact of A. Schopenhauer's philosophy is felt in the writings of contemporary French postmodernists, particularly in those of Gilles Deleuze. As most important among the non-classical philosophers is considered S. Kierkegaard. One of the most significant trends of Lithuanian art can be characterised using Kierkegaardan terminology, as demonic aestheticism. The force of expression rises from mental experiments and self-destruction which are signs of longing after the lost sense of the certainty of reality and faith in God. Interpreting F. Nietzsche's philosophy she emphasizes the uncompromising critique by him of the theoretical attitude to life and proclamation of the will to power. Nietzsche saw a descrepancy between two levels of consciousness in European mentality: the superficial level of Judeo-Christian virtues and Pagan values, authentic but condemned.

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Archetipas Muzikologijos Akiratyje

Author(s): Jurate Landsbergyte / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 77/2013

The archetype rises in the philosophical ideas of the XX c. as an especially important paradigmatic dimensional connection of the past, nowadays and future. According to I. Froud and C. G. Jung’s theories of psychoanalysis, and especially the influence of depth psychology on the creation of art, the conception of archetype is more often evoked in art study. It helps to go deeper into the motivation and into the resources of the creation of artistic ideas. It opens the depth of their archaeological layers. Musicology here has got many possibilities: to look at the archetype as a universal, the model of the process of world formation (Karbusicky, Mache), to look from the perspective of psychoanalytical “archaetology“ – as the symbol of myth, dramatic gesture of the turn of the history of humanity, the signal of the rise (Maché, Kutavičius), as the demiurge of nature, cosmos and human processes and as the model of musical dramaturgy – canon, “eternal circle“, from the repetitions of which there begins the universal sequence of the fluctuation, the paradigm of creation (Kutavičius, Pärt).

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Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

Author(s): Joël Billieux,Adriano Schimmenti,Yasser Khazaal,Pierre Maurage,Alexandre Heeren / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

Behavioral addiction research has been particularly flourishing over the last two decades. However, Recent publications have suggested that nearly all daily life activities might lead to a genuine addiction. Methods and aim: In this article, we discuss how the use of atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches may result in the identification of an unlimited list of “new” behavioral addictions. Results: Both methodological and theoretical shortcomings of these studies were discussed. Conclusions: We suggested that studies overpathologizing daily life activities are likely to prompt a dismissive appraisal of behavioral addiction research. Consequently, we proposed several roadmaps for future research in the field, centrally highlighting the need for longer tenable behavioral addiction research that shifts from a mere criteria-based approach toward an approach focusing on the psychological processes involved.

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Around the Bloc: Polanski Should Face U.S. Justice for Child Sex, Poland Says

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Around the Bloc: Polanski Should Face U.S. Justice for Child Sex, Poland Says

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 06/07/2016

Director has eluded several U.S. requests for his extradition to be sentenced for the 1977 abuse of a 13-year-old girl.

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Askeri Darbe Algı, Bilgi ve Tutum Ölçeği (Adabtö) Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Author(s): Sevda Gülsah Yildirim,Eren Yürüdür / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2017

The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool to elicit adult perceptions of the impacts and consequences of military coups, their knowledge on the causes of interventions, and attitudes towards military coups in general. This measurement tool called Military Coup Perception, Knowledge and Attitude Scale consists of three basic parts. In the first part, there are 27 items under the heading 'Expressions on the effects and consequences of military coups', 32 items under the heading 'Knowledge on the causes of military coups' in the second part and 23 items under the heading 'General attitudes towards military coups' it consists. The measurement tool is prepared with Likert scale of 5 (5-Totally agree, 4- Agree, 3- Neither agree nor disagree, 2-Disagree, 1-Completely Disagree). An internal consistency coefficient analysis was carried out to determine the reliability of the current study. It was found that Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for effects and consequences is .664; for knowledge of reasons is .893; and for general attitudes is .860. As a result, it was observed that psychometric features of our scale is within acceptable limits.

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Autoritarna ličnost: Psihoanaliza antisemitizma i predrasuda

Author(s): Bojan Todosijevic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2008

The Authoritarian Personality is one of the most influential studies in social psychology, yet it has been subjected to different, often contradictory interpretations. This paper argues that the most important element of the authoritarian personality theory is the analysis of the psychological functionality of prejudice. Using psychoanalytic conceptual tools, the authors described the psychological logic behind apparently contradictory prejudices, and the function of prejudice in personal psychological ‘economy’. In this way, Adorno et al. ‘psychoanalyzed’ both prejudice and the prejudiced. The first part of the paper presents the original research, with the particular focus on the less familiar aspects. The second part reviews the reactions to the Authoritarian Personality, and analyzes some of the better known criticisms and objections. The paper ends with the review of recent research trends inspired by Adorno et al.’s theory.

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Bilinçaltı Direksiyona Geçtiğinde - Gerilim Sinemasında Psikanalitik Alt Metinler: Duel Örneği

Author(s): Volkan Erol / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2017

Fear, an inseparable part of humanity, manifests itself in art and literature as a reflection of subconscious, also occupies cinema since its beginning. Images that reflected from gigantic screens in the darkness of movie theaters, manage to revive collective fears simultaneously unlike any other medium. Horror, thriller and suspense films, which use subconscious fears as a source and more often than not, prefer to use metaphors while narrate them, prepare the ground for psychoanalytic film analysis, also in time, more and more directors tend to use psychoanalysis in their films. Especially Alfred Hitchcock, master of suspense, known for his use of Freudian subtexts. Steven Spielberg is one of the most important directors who is influenced by Hitchcock.In this paper, Duel, directed by Steven Spielberg in 1971, will be studied; conventions and codes of thriller movies will be analyzed along with a psychoanalytic reading. Correlation between its narration and subtext and their consistency will be examined.

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Book Review: “The Age of Perversion: Desire and Technology in Psychoanalysis and Culture”

Author(s): Jacob Johanssen / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2017

The review of: “The Age of Perversion: Desire and Technology in Psychoanalysis and Culture” by Danielle Knafo and Rocco Lo Bosco; London: Routledge, 2017.

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Carlo Gustavo Jungo Meninės Kūrybos Interpretacija

Author(s): Vaida Asakaviciute / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 63/2010

In the article peculiar Carl Gustav Jung’s approach towards the artist, his artistic potential, the role of unconsciousness in the process of creative work, the nature of the work of art as well as basic psychoanalytical principles of the interpretation of the work of art, formulated by the founder of “analytical psychology”, are analyzed. The novelty and actuality of Jung’s psychoanalytical rules are revealed; the relation of his concept of creative work with the concepts of the supporters of non-classical philosophy tradition and Sigmund Freud, the initiator of psycho-analysis, is concisely exposed. The main attention is paid to the originality of Jung’s methodological rules of the analysis of art, discussion of the role of collective unconscious in the process of creative work, attitude towards the artistic subject as the theory of a forerunner and as a refresher of archetypes. In the end of the article the author concisely discusses the meaning of art and work of art both to its author and the consumer of art.

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