We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Between the littoral slopes of Velebit, south of Senj, stretches Podgorje, which in global dimensions could freely be described as the foothill of the Croatian Tibet. Moreover, our prematurely departed ethnologist and anthropologist, Tomo Vinšćak, who visited both heaven touchingpoints, claimed that Kailash and Velebit were mountain relatives – the Himalayan and Croatian Olympus (1991). In this paper the need of a coherent familiarisation of the specificity of this region and its people will be brought up and also argued for with the same persistence from ground level insights (with experience). So if it is seemingly possible to define the foothill of the Croatian Olympus (with a lack of empirical comparison) as a pretentious idealisation, it remains the factography of many disciplines, which synergistically rearranged allow a less depressing interpretation of the region by its people.In this paper such a scientific association is sought to be reached with the intertwining of the use of anthropological perspectives (emic-etic) and a Jungian analysis of an empirical archetypal sequence that links the author with this region.This is a region of the frequent collective forgetfulness of all the historiographic facts, which confirm that despite the harshness of nature which has poured the 'bura' and drought down here over the centuries, and the description that from this region people just escaped and disappeared because of the difficulty of life, it has remained a junction of numerous peoples and populations.The anchor point of many cultural, sacral and imaginative dimensions for Croats, just like one of the final destinations of the largest Croatian migratory flows. In today’s literal and trite postmodernistic interpretations – a region of multicultural encounters despite the in loco of the difficult narratives of life. Following the same superficiality, it also becomes a region for a brief drop by in the manner of an altogether ritual form of an expedition at the challenge of the wilderness – from the touristic branding of wandering through Velebit, under the motto of the preservation of untameable nature, to the altogether planned experience of being beaten by the 'bura' on the quayside of Senj. In order that everything mentioned is not left to just an eco(nomic)historical search of symbolism,metaphors and bricolages of myths, it would be good here to widen the interpretation of the specificity of the locality and to add the reality of bio-cultural history. Thus, the contributions of the research of many kinds of disciplines in the area of medicine have for decades already pointed to a kind of, let’s say, paradox of the Podgorje specificity,which is reflected in the contrast of a place of hard living compared to a desired place to live out old age or if wanted cosmologically and less anthropocentrically, an old age of open-ended enjoyment and comfort. The final aim of the analysis of this paper is the (re)direction of the possible interests for Podgorje with the touristic-exotic-profitable colonial matrices onto a cosmological-ethical understanding in which the interconnection of man, nature and history deserves a much wider perception of its 'endurance'instead of 'sustainability' or 'revitalisation'. With the cosmological approach said, each equation of neoliberal comfort here is inapplicable, quite the opposite, it is reversely proportionate to the historical and biocultural evidence. To conclude – nothing surprising in relation to the possibility of the interpretation of this region as the foothill of the Croatian Olympus.
More...
This article is about punctum – the Latin term that the French literary theorist Roland Barthes (1915–1980) resurrected to describe a phenomenon that haunted him in photography – and the confusion that has surrounded it. Barthes’s initial interest was: what does in fact draw us to photographs? What is it in a photograph that captures our attention, fires up our desire and fuels our interest in a way that other pictures do not? What addresses us, aims at us and strikes us in a photograph? Does it say anything particular about a photograph as such, about our unconditional and uncomplicated relation to it? The article has four main focal points: (1) the genealogy of Barthes’s ideas on photography and the misinterpretation of his book Camera Lucida (where the term punctum is utilised) as solely a reaction to his mother’s death, (2) the confusion regarding the meaning of punctum and the sources of that confusion, (3) the polemic between Michael Fried and James Elkins on Barthes’s theory of photography, especially regarding punctum, and (4) the sense of punctum as something that exposes the parallactic nature of photography – the co-existence of ‘documentary’ and ‘artistic’ perspectives that shifts the object – and its meaning to picture theory.
More...
The article analyses Bernardo Bertolucci’s screen adaptation (1970) of Alberto Moravia’s novel “The Conformist” in comparison with the censored version of the film released in the Soviet Union in 1976. Attention is paid foremost to the dubbed Russian version’s visual cuts and translation shifts, which amount to the creation of a new, castrated version that is approximately 30 minutes shorter than the original film and that ideologically corresponds to the then-dominant Soviet discourse of representing fascism. The article demonstrates how in this new, censored version where Bertolucci’s complex narrative is transformed into a linear narrative (that surprisingly makes it closer to the original novel by Moravia), the characters’ psychological inner worlds and Bertolucci’s storyworld conveyed through images, sounds and language have become lost in translation.
More...
The article scrutinizes how autobiographism, fiction and autoanalysis crisscross in the psychoanalytical study Elmebetegségek psychikus mechanizmusa (On the psychic mechanisms of mental illnesses) by the Hungarian writer and psychiatrist Géza Csáth (1887–1919) in the light of his diary and Carl Gustav Jung’s doctoral thesis.
More...
In this paper entitled BULLYING in schools - Activities through which teachers can prevent Bullying at school, we propose to present a worrying reality of our day by proposing some preventive ways that could come in support of a worrying phenomenon, which has increased in size in schools in Romania. We consider that the teaching staff also plays an important role in trying to stop this phenomenon, by implementing some active-participatory activities in the classroom, activities that we intend to highlight in this paper.
More...
The relations linking cultural anthropology of Claude Lévi- -Strauss to psychoanalysis of Jacques Lacan have not yet been properly criticized in the anthropological literature. Whereas published in 1949 works of psychoanalytically informed Lévi-Strauss played a key part in Lacanʼs “return to Freud” in the spirit of structural linguistics. A closer examination of these texts as well as central concepts of structural anthropology and Lacanian psychoanalysis, taking into account not only the historical development of the latter, but also their ethnographic and clinical sources, raises fundamental questions about falsifiability, consistency, explanatory power and plausibility of structuralist hypotheses. The direction of inspiration was defined and always led from anthropological to psychoanalytic structuralism, although the former was often built on the basis of unjustified analogies, factual inaccuracies and excessive generalizations, and the latter additionally on the basis of manipulations present in both Freud’s and Lacanʼs writings.
More...
This paper is actually a review of the status of psychoanalysis versus science. The lack of articles in contemporary discussions, and the absence of the topic of psychoanalysis suggests that there is less interest in the given topic. The impression is that the therapist who has the function of a patient does not have the time for other means of research and work. This supports the contemporary views that a therapist is, figuratively speaking, married to therapy and, therefore, cannot do anything for its sake. Strong criticism persisting even today is that addressed to Freud (in reference to relational psychoanalysis), arguing that he could not even bear to be seen as a warm and gentle figure by his patients. He is even known to have sat in a chair behind the headrest of the sofa used by the patient, in order to avoid looking the patients in the eyes, claiming it to be bothersome. The third century of the existence of psychoanalysis seems to be the time of questioning of whether the interest in this topic is disappearing. The corpus of psychoanalysis has been implemented throughout the 20th century. The general attitudes are that the analytical method has to change. Contemporary society wants quick results because the contemporary individual has little time. Psychoanalysis has always preferred the quiet, which now is a bad strategy, because very little has been done about its visibility and promotion.
More...
The aim of the analysis is to present selected non-biblical intertextual references appearing in the novel Franz et François by the Belgian writer François Weyergans. They create a polylogue of voices coming from various areas of culture, e.g. literature (Gide), philosophy (Sartre, Camus) or psychoanalysis (Freud, Karl Abraham), and often taking issue with the world of traditional biblical values. As such these references illustrate well the process of individuation of the hero of the novel who, full of guilt, moves away from the Bible and from his father.
More...
This paper focuses on a specific type of archival material from the first psychiatric institution in Croatia, the Stenjevec Royal National Institute for the Insane in Zagreb, today the Vrapče University Psychiatric Hospital, dating from the period from its foundation in 1879 until 1900. More specifically, it focuses on patient narratives featuring fantastical beings, i.e., narrations about their life relying on the genre of belief legends. Based on this material, which is considered to be an important albeit atypical folkloristic corpus, the paper analyzes and interprets the status and functions of the genre of belief legends (more specifically, the memorate) in daily life narratives, personal stories and in coding affects (primarily fear). The role of belief legends is examined not only from the perspective of oral tradition and literature, but also in terms of their social and psychological position, and through the lens of psychiatric discourse of the time, which recognizes such narratives merely as symptoms of madness, translating and coding them as the language of abnormality and psychopathology.
More...
This paper proposes to provide a point of view on the impact of two major scientific theories – evolution theory and psychoanalytic theory – in the history of human thought, and, implicitly, to show the strong connections between science and philosophy. The discovery of the natural selection, by Charles Darwin, and of the unconscious, by Sigmund Freud, were the real revolutions in the field of science. Through their degree of universality these theories have irreversibly transformed the perception of “truths” about human being. The relation between the two theories is no less important, the most solid argument is the direct and indirect influence of Darwin’s work on Freud’s, so that the theory of evolution was considered a kind of “prehistory” of psychoanalytic theory. A crucial point of evolutionism and psychoanalysis is the concept of instinct, which crosses as a “red thread” the researches of these two scientists.
More...
An original authenticity of the human being is to be found even in the inauthenticity of everyday life. Freud was the first to determine the purely pleasurable essence of every symptom, including the psychotic one. This fact represents a real challenge for the analytical clinic, since it is often the case for the subjects to even love their symptom more than themselves. Consequently, it is not the pleasure representing the place of the subject’s own inscription, but its complementary symptom. From this point of view, there can be no real desire without a painful symptom. “Pain-lust” (Schmerzlust) is the expression we find appropriate for this proviso. For more clarity, it is important to emphasize: not pleasure in itself causes pain, but that what it is carried on its behalf, namely the symptom along with its peculiar pain. The conclusion drawn by Lacan from all these genuinely Freudian developments is one potentially “scandalous” for some Freudians: the symptom - be it a painful one - is the only place where some kind of “revelation” takes place. The symptom is nothing else than a form of “remnant radiation”, like in quantum mechanics. According to Freud, the whole idea of psychoanalysis is an attempt to prove that “the transcendental” (i.e. the primary psychic energy which is asexual and sublimated, as far as Freud understands it) cannot “show” itself under any form, not even as “failure” or symptom. This raises the important question with regard to the possibility of finding the original enjoyment (jouissance) as a self-chosen and adopted experience of astonishment not only as a necessary transition caused by the “fall” in the native language. Our answer to such question is affirmative, provided that both phenomenology and psychoanalysis insist on the fact that the subject is guided by sublimation towards the experience of the sublime itself. This means also the restoration of one’s own unique Self. From a psychoanalytic (Lacanian) perspective, such implication is linked to the therapeutic function of art.
More...
The aim of this paper is to bear out the similarity between the model of subjectivity that emerges from Paul Ricoeur’s theory of narrative identity and the one implied in some of the psychoanalytic conceptions of narcissism. Presented are Ricoeur’s views on a dialectic relation between the narrative forming an individual’s identity and lived reality. In Ricoeur’s theory stories are entangled in pre-narrative life yet at the same time they do transform it by imbuing it with a meaning. The narrative so perceived turns into a defence mechanism protecting singularity against overwhelming reality, which development draws it to the psychoanalytical notion of narcissism. Selected conceptions of narcissism (Freud, Klein, Winnicott) are reviewed to indicate that narcissism, similarly as the narrative, is based on a dialectical relation between reflection and transformation, dependence and autonomy, incoherence and coherence. Presented are also Julia Kristeva’s views attributing an inherently narrative character to narcissism.
More...
Cinema is a multi-dimensional branch of art that is influenced by economic, political and social processes rather than merely an aesthetic tool, but also has the potential to reproduce them. In addition to the characters in the movies and the viewers identified with these characters, the screenwriters and directors who are the creators of the films have been tried to be explained with various theories since the first years of the cinema. Psychoanalytic film analysis, which looks at cinema as a device that regulates psycho-social processes, as well as discussing the impact of films on the axis of viewers, identification, culture, gaze or “magic”, it appears as a theory that tries to uncover the psychic meanings that lie deep in the film image from the very beginning. A study based on Sigmund Freud, who is known as the founder of psychoanalysis, links the film with the psychic processes, and discusses the mental state of both the characters and the director and the audience. In Freudian theory, the structural personality model, which consists of three abstract elements such as id, ego and superego, is thought to be an important building block in the description of the characters in the movies. In this sense, this study, based on psychoanalytic film analysis, tried to find an answer to the question of whether Roman Polanski’s film “Knife in the Water” is a reflection of the structural personality model and that the characters in the film were built on id, ego and superego.
More...
The article speaks to the deconstruction of men’s images in William Wyler’s films. One may observe a different paradigm of what is male in the said director’s pacifist trilogy. The alternative masculinity utopias constructed therein are quite awe-inducing due to their emancipatory scope. Friendly Persuasion (1956), The Big Country, and Ben-Hur (1959) are films depicting not only the fight against patriarchal stereotype, but also reaching beyond the restrictions of heteronormativity. The libidal coordinates of the narratives are in sync with biopolitical status of modernity. Surprisingly enough, at the heart of Hollywood some brave cinematic post-masculine projects were developed.
More...
The lack of objectivity in experiencing pain is a given fact, regarding the multiplicity of individual reactions. Research, so far, indicates pain as having structural analogy with human cognition. What is clinically detectable concerning pain are its acute and chronical phases. In the chronic phase, pain begins to be structurally fixed in the brain. We have reliable data showing that both the course and the means for understanding chronical pain can be traced back in early childhood as much as in fully developed, matured individuals. Beside this real core of personal traumatic history, there is another kind of pain which could be described as purely cognitive. We will call it “metaphysical pain”. This type of pain is caused by the mortality / immortality difference. Blaise Pascal was one who bodily felt this particular pain. Psychologists use the concept of “resilience” in order to describe the mechanism which could provide an easy explanation for the problems implied by it. To sum up: there is nobody who does not suffer from some kind of trauma. But, at the same time, everybody has the force of resilience. In this paper, the idea that resilience is a natural gift endowed to all humans is developed. Thus, it can be seen as a natural, universal trait of human thought.
More...
Luce Irigaray in Conversation with Katarzyna Szopa.
More...
Statistics published in many different countries seem to point to the fact that women are much more likely than men ask for psychiatric/psychotherapeutic care. Although there is not a clearcut case for saying that more women suffer from psychiatric/ mental illnesses, it seems to be unquestionable that women dominate in particular disease categories: depression, eating disorders, anxiety and phobias . syndromes which were formerly covered by the label .hysteria. (Ussher, 1991).
More...
The aim of this work is the study, on the narrative poetics level, according to the reader's response, of the nature of the relationships on the fictional structure between the Dream as an isotopic closed unit, with the text as an opened one, dynamic and isotopic body. In our view, as the elaborated version of the merging of traditional post-structuralism with the phenomenological instance of structural meaning constructed by the reader, The Dream as a poetic unit, stands in front of the text, just as the word stands in the front of its explanation in the vocabulary. In its relationship with The Dream the text becomes embezzlement, displacement, conventional expansion of The Dream, its cultural interpretation through non-individual mechanisms, it expresses itself as a tension between the fictional necessity to produce coherence with the structure’s balanced build-up, that is, the relativization of The Dream, which naturally tends to acquire the authority of the symbolic structure of the text. But, first of all, on what indicators The Dream is defined, where is the place of The Dream in the structure, what are the functional relationships The Dream is implicated with, what kind of dialectics does it lead to? In this perspective, with this research, conducted through a critical instrument based on the theoretical model of the Possible Reader, in the story of ‘Forgetting a Woman' by I. Kadare, we have tried to define the initiation of a possible poetic typology of The Dream’s place in the texts of this author.
More...
Ethics, one of the main branches of philosophy, deals with researching moral issues, dealing, for example, with the issue of good and evil, situational behavior and even with what we are supposed to do in certain instances, because, as Aristotle claimed, ethics can be seen as the sum of traditions and human behaviors and how it regards the way in which we act and react according to the principles rooted deep down into ourselves. Also, ethics must be correlated with the usefulness and the morality of an action, as well as with the issue of good and evil. Starting from these, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the directions ethics take in the educational system, in the context in which the issue of ethics is raised more and more often in some schools. That being said, we will also recount a few case studies starting from personal and professional experience.
More...