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ANALYSIS OF WEAKNESSES OF COASTAL COMMUNITY ECONOMY EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM (PEMP) AND NATIONAL PROGRAM OF COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT OF INDEPENDENT MARINE AND FISHERIES (PNPM-MKP) ON TRADITIONAL FISHERMEN IN INDONESIA

Author(s): Bengkel Ginting,M. Arif Nasution,. Subhilhar,R. Hamdani Harahap / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Indonesia has an abundant fisheries resource. The potential has not been well this is marked by the smallcontribution of marine and fishery sector to the national income of only 14.7% of the total gross domesticproduct (GDP), compared to other countries. The dramatic phenomenon between the potential andutilization of marine resources implies to the predominant level of coastal communities who mostly workas fishermen at sea. In order to go to sea with a simple technology also with low human resources makethe living standard of traditional fishermen may be categorized as poor. When compared to other farminggroups in the agricultural sector, traditional fishermen are among the poorest. With an already manygovernment empowerment programs, yet it has not managed to raise the standard of living for thetraditional fishermen. The research is aimed to describe the implementation and weakness of CoastalCommunity Economy Empowerment Program (PEMP) and National Program of CommunityEmpowerment of Independent Marine and Fisheries (PNPM-MKP) on the traditional fishermen of PercutVillage, Percut Sei Tuan in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Type of research is descriptive with 10 traditionalfishermen, the fishermen group committee and the marine and fisheries department’s officials. Data werecollected by observation, in-depth interview and focus group discussion (FGD). The result of the study ofsocio-economic condition of traditional fishermen of Percut Village is badly seen from the indicators ofhousing and sanitation that are not suitable for healthy living, limited fishing equipment and over fishingcatching areas.

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Author(s): Marta M. Kania / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

Kania undertakes a close playing of Sunset (Tale of Tales, 2015), focusing on the relationship between the player, who perceives the avatar as herself, and the soliloquizing protagonist. Drawing on Heidegger’s notions of the ‘They’ and ‘distantiality’, Kania demonstrates in what way the player’s perceptual situatedness with regard to the avatar determines her aesthetic experience of the gameworld. The distantiality that emerges between the player and the protagonist becomes visible in two areas, namely when the player experiences the avatar to be a protagonist, soliloquizing and defining herself through her own gaze, and when the player experiences the avatar as the ‘They,’ with the protagonist’s behaviour determining the player’s position and becoming an expression of a depersonalized opinion and a form of pressure.

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Wpływ różnic kulturowych na działania marketingowe przedsiębiorstw e-commerce na rynkach międzynarodowych

Author(s): Aleksandra Radziszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2.1/2018

E-consumers from different culture have different needs, expectations and requirements connected with perception of online transaction. The paper discusses the significance of cultural aspects of consumer behaviors in the development of e-commerce marketing strategies on foreign markets. The aim of this paper is to examine how e-consumers behaviors differentiate on cultural grounds and to explore how companies can reach their local consumers.

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Rola systemu motywowania w kształtowaniu zachowań innowacyjnych pracowników MŚP

Author(s): Małgorzata Smolarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12.2/2017

Proper motivation creates the basis for the proper use of human capital for the development of the organization regardless of its size and can also help to increase employee innovation behavior. The aim of this chapter is to identify some factors of the motivation on the innovation behavior of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises. The considerations are theoretical and empirical in nature. Identified factors are influencing the creation of effective systems to motivate employees conducive to innovative behavior. They present also an analysis of the results of research in this area.

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Mit racjonalnego łotra. Statystyka i psychologia kontra ekonomiczna analiza prawa

Author(s): Radosław Zyzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2018

The aim of the paper is to critically assess the economic decision making model in criminal law from the perspective of empirical legal studies and behavioral analysis of law. In the second half of the XX century the economic theory of punishment had dominant influence on criminal law policy in US. At the beginning of XXI century numerous statistical studies have shown limited effectiveness of the economic approach and harmful effects of the large number of prisoners currently being incarcerated. Therefore the new model of decision-making in criminal law was needed. Psychologists, behavioral economists and proponents of behavioral analysis of law were able to identify factors influencing decisions of criminals including hyperbolic discounting, optimism bias and affective forecasting.

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To Be or Not to Be a Social Entrepreneur: Motivational Drivers amongst American Business Students

Author(s): Renata Schafer,Marieshka Barton,Sergio Canavati / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Objective: The objective of this article is to investigate the process of motivational needs influencing the intent of potential future social entrepreneurs. Research Design & Methods: California, Bay Area business students were administered a survey combining commercial entrepreneurship models and adding factors of motivation. Two stages of statistical analysis were performed based on the process and content theories of motivation. We used structural equation modelling to validate the model and paired samples t-test analysis to examine the differences between the motives underlying social entrepreneurship intentions. Findings: 202 out of 364 students reported social entrepreneurial intentions. For the process-based motives, perceived feasibility and perceived desirability to start a social enterprise as well as exposure to entrepreneurship are significant predictors of students’ intention to form a social enterprise. In addition, perceived feasibility is determined by entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and perceived desirability is determined by students’ desire for self-realisation and autonomy. For the content-based motives, the principal-component analysis indicates that students are motivated by the need for achievement and independence. Implications & Recommendations: The findings provide insights into the formation of social entrepreneurial intentions as well practical implications for how to motivate future social entrepreneurs. Contribution & Value Added: The study empirically shows the motives influencing a student’s intent to form a social enterprise.

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Niepełnosprawność w grach wideo – omówienie na przykładach wybranych wirtualnych postaci

Author(s): Damian Gałuszka,Dorota Żuchowska-Skiba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Images of disability present in the media have a significant impact on the perception of people with disabilities. They shape stereotypical ideas that translate into the attitudes and expectations that a large part of society has for people with disabilities. Previous research has focused on showing images of people with disabilities in traditional media. Meanwhile, in modern popular culture, new media, including video games, play an increasing role. Today, it is important to examine the ways in which characters with disabilities are portrayed in video games. The main aim of this article is to reconstruct typical images of disability in video games. This will show how the built-in images fix or change existing stereotypes. Video games were selected in which disabled heroes appeared. The study was based on the analysis of cultural codes. This method was adapted for the study of a specific medium—video games. They engage the user in the process of creating the hero and the actions he takes in the game world.

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SOCIODEMOGRAFSKI I DRUGI KORELATI TERMINALNIH VRIJEDNOSTI STUDENATA SOCIJALNE PEDAGOGIJE

Author(s): Amila Kadić,Mersiha Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 16/2018

The research included a suitable sample of students at the Department of Social Pedagogy in Zenica (N= 81), who completed a short socio-demographic survey and a Rokeach's Terminal Values Survey. Terminal values represent the goals of human existence, among which the following values might be distinguished: individual, collective, humane, and altruistic. Bearing in mind practical implications of knowing the values as such, the values which represent sources and guides for attitudes and behavior, and which have been shown to correlate significantly with numerous variables (cognitive functioning, free time, risk behavior, addiction), we considered it important to examine the most prominent terminal values among our students, and compare the results to the results of the available studies involving comparable groups of participants. Based on the findings, we derived six subscales of grouped terminal values: social harmony, self-actualization, personal gratification, security, love and affection, and personal satisfaction. Only the personal gratification variable showed normal distribution, while all other were negatively asymmetric, indicating, thus, an insufficient discrimination of Rokeach’s Terminal Values Scale. Generally, the participants deemed all terminal values significant. In the overall sample, the lowest ranked individual terminal values were exciting life, the world of beauty and money, while the highest ranked were family security, self-esteem, and personal happiness. The gender variable was statistically significantly correlated with the subscale of personal gratification. A Mann-Whitney’s test showed that personal gratification, measured by the items of comfortable life, exciting life, satisfaction and social recognition, statistically significantly correlated with the gender variable (U=237, p<0.01), so that the female participants considered these items more important (median 4.2) than the male participants (3.8). The birthplace was significantly positively correlated with wisdom evaluation (U=556; p<0.05), as well as the evaluation of freedom in non-cigarette consumers compared to their colleagues who consumed them regularly or occasionally (χ2=8.77, p=0.012).

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Study of Romanian Pilgrimage Tourism Products – A Cultural Behavior Approach

Author(s): Adina Letiția Negrușa,Valentin Toader,Liviu Vidican-Manci / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2015

This study will concentrate on the Romanian pilgrimage tourism supply, in order to identify the characteristics of pilgrimage products. Using the Hofstede’s approach for Romanian society, we develop a meta-analysis and a systematic review of the most important research studies done on this topic for Romanian culture. As a result, we have determined the weight of each cultural dimension and their effects on the religious tourism and pilgrimage behavior. We correlate the findings from Hofstede’s theory with the data about the supply of pilgrimages in our country: main pilgrimage routes, services provided by the hospitality units, seasonality, length of stay, tourism and religious objectives the pilgrims may visit. The collectivism tendency and high uncertainty avoidance represent the main cultural aspects having an influence on pilgrims’ behavior and on the Romania’s supply of pilgrimages. As a result, most of the pilgrimages are concentrated in few destinations with a strong spiritual sense for an orthodox, have a small length of stay, while the services provided are customized to fulfill the pilgrims’ basic needs and emphasize the idea of sharing resources between pilgrims. The presence of a priest as a spiritual guide may lead to an improved pilgrimage experience.

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The Effects of Transformational Leadership and Emotional Intelligence of Managers on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of Employees

Author(s): Ferit Ölçer,Margareta Stela Florescu,Marian Năstase / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

In today’s turbulent environment, organizations needed leaders who were not only emotionally intelligent but those who had ability to imbibe such values in their followers that were helpful both for service climate and followers themselves. Existing literature suggested that Transformational Leadership (TL) and leader’s Emotional Intelligence (EI) were likely to enhance Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in followers and significant predictors of OCBs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of TL and EI of managers on the dimensions of OCB employees display in manufacturing industry. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 60 dyads of employees and their supervisors (i.e., 120 respondents) in one large manufacturing company. SPSS was used for analyzing the data. In this study, separate regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of TL and EI of managers on the dimensions of OCB. The results indicated that EI of managers had significant positive effects on OCB dimensions of altruism, courtesy, conscientiousness, and civic virtue, but TL had no effects on the dimensions of OCB.

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The Impact of Disciplinary Problems on Academic Achievements

Author(s): Ensaf Abu-Ahmed / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2013

This article describes aspects affecting pupils' behavior in class, and the impact of pupil's behavior upon his academic achievement. The writer displays factors affecting pupil's in-class behavior, and the ramification of his behavior upon his relations with peers and faculty, and the impact of these relations or the lack of them upon his academic achievements, and vice versa. It depicts the cycle of interrelated impacts upon school climate and learning atmosphere. In the last decade there is an obvious deterioration in discipline breaches in school. Educators and other school employees complain about the worsening daily atmosphere they have to cope with, about pupils' inappropriate behavior, and about the frequency of disciplinary problems. Several teachers report that during the period, instead of teaching, they are constantly required to deal with disciplinary problems. The researcher is of the opinion that if relations between teacher and pupils are negative, the class is doomed to failure, regardless of its location, while good teacher-pupils relations positively affect all the characteristics of the school climate: good relations lead to behavioral and academic improvement, raises scientific curiosity, and contributes to improve relations among pupils, improve emotional experience, and contributes to learning motivation.

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Managing the Transition Process of Students from Junior High-School to High-School

Author(s): Yusef Eman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Transitions from primary school to high school is also considered to be a key milestone, while experiencing adolescence, children undergo more developmental changes include physical, cognitive, emotional and psychological changes. During the course of their studies all students experience transitions between schools. The focus of my paper is the transition process and the management of this period by involving all the relevant stakeholders in the process of students’ transition from Junior High School to High School. I have focused my research on different factors involving this transition and the challenges that students and professors have to cope with.

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Increase Employee Motivation in Romanian SME’s

Author(s): Irinel Marin / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2012

Irrespective of their size, all companies in Romania face difficulties in motivating their working staff. This leads to employees’ work dissatisfaction, instability and disinterest in the company they are working for. An efficient system will bring about the working staff’s satisfaction. Work satisfaction represents the employee’s desired state of being that fully meets their conscious and unconscious needs and expectations. The factors underlying work satisfaction are as follows: the work itself considered a multitasking job, opportunity to learn about and carry out a particular activity, all forms of remuneration, promotions and career opportunities, recognition and rewarding of great achievements, social advantages, working conditions, management styles, interpersonal relationships as well as teamwork, organizational culture and politics, location as to the working place, organizational prestige.

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Sharing of Knowledge as a Condition of Rural Area Development – Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Approach

Author(s): Urszula Ziemiańczyk,Anna Krakowiak-Bal,Agnieszka Peszek / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

One of the common challenges exist throughout Europe is to compiling knowledge ready for practice. A key element for development and progress is distributing and sharing the knowledge. With sharing of knowledge is related a number of issues, such as trust (the not surprising conclusion that people who trust one another are more willing to share information than those who do not), risk taking, wellbeing (increasing has an incremental effect on knowledge sharing behavior). Knowledge sharing behavior is affected by the complex interplay of well-being, social capital tendency and organizational culture. Authors have been used a fsQCA (fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis) as a methodological concept to examines the impact of identified behavior on the level of knowledge application in local level organization. This type of technique is ideal for this study for two reasons: on the one hand, in order to analyze whether identified behavior in organizations enables knowledge sharing or not. The second aspect regards the size of the sample. The advantage of this method is that it allows researchers to work with medium-sized samples. This type of technique allows a detailed analysis of how causal conditions contribute to a particular result, and is based on a configurational understanding of how a combination of causes leads to the same series of results. Based on a survey and interview of local level organisations in Poland involved in rural areas development, this study has examined the relationship between the impact of identified behavior on the level of knowledge application in local level organization. The findings reveal that the presence of regular meetings and openness, low level of subjective risk of losing position in the organization, presence of platform for sharing information and the care of the young workers determines the level of application of knowledge in organizations and community.

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OSOBINE LIČNOSTI I ZADOVOLJSTVO ŽIVOTOM KOD ADOLESCENATA. MEDIJATORSKA ULOGA OBITELJSKE PRILAGODLJIVOSTI I KOHEZIVNOSTI

Author(s): Đenita Tuce,Indira Fako,Enedina Hasanbegović-Anić,Sabina Alispahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2018

The aim of this paper was to examine the potential mediation effect of perceived family adaptability and cohesion on the relationship between personality traits and satisfaction with life in adolescents. The research sample consisted of 425 participants (200 female and 225 male, with average age M=18 (SD=.72). The following instruments were applied: Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, Big Five Personality Factors Self-reported Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The results of regression analyses indicated that personality traits and family adaptability and cohesion account for 48% of total variance of satisfaction with life in adolescents. It was found that neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience and perception of family adaptability and cohesion are significant predictors of satisfaction with life. A significant predictor of satisfaction with life is also conscientiousness, but only in the model without mediator. Conducted mediation analyses indicate that extraversion and openness to experience affect the satisfaction with life only directly, and conscientiousness only indirectly, through family adaptability and cohesion. For the dimensions neuroticism and agreeableness, however, both direct and indirect effects were significant. The results of this study clearly indicate the importance of perceived family interactions in explaining effects of big five personality traits on satisfaction with life in adolescents and considerably expand the existing empirical data in this area of research.

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Intergroups Conflict Patterns

Author(s): Doina Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2009

In the endeavour of explaining the causes and mechanisms which fundament the emergence of conflicts, researchers have elaborated theoretical conflict patterns. Some researchers consider that conflict patterns describe either the process or the structure of a contrariety situation. Through the process pattern, there are identified events which characterize a conflict and the succession connection between different stages. Structural patterns define favourable conditions and describe the way in which they influence the conflictual behaviour. Another group of patterns have the purpose of describing organizational conflicts. Among the conflict patterns, the ones which have special importance from both a managerial theoretical and practical point of view are the following: process pattern, structural pattern and organizational pattern. Also, the paper describes the ways for managing the conflicts and the process of negotiation.

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Bullying at Work: Research in Estonia using the Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised (NAQ-R)

Author(s): Merle Tambur,Maaja Vadi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2009

This research presents the preparatory stage for the first study of bullying in Estonia. The aim of the research is twofold: to find out how bullying manifests itself in Estonia, and to develop a research method using the Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised (NAQ-R) in Estonia. The results indicate that bullying poses a serious problem for the respondents. We found that at least one negative act given in the questionnaire has been reported to have occurred "daily" by 16.4% of respondents and "weekly" by 28.3% of respondents. The results reveal that the negative acts presented using the NAQ-R method are understandable for the respondents, and therefore, suitable for use in Estonia. Nevertheless, to carry out the basic research, it is necessary to adjust the definition of bullying to make it easier to understand in the local cultural space.

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Gender Differences in Cyber and Traditional Bullying

Author(s): Lavinia Mirela Mureşan,Anamária Porkoláb / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2017

School violence/bullying is a complex phenomenon that exists also in school communities in Romania, especially at secondary school level, which may affect the victims for a long time, sometimes through their whole lives, through high levels of depression, anxiety or behavior problems. The phenomenon of bullying and cyberbullying is present both in girls and boys, and has a more and more alarming rate of growth. Differences between boys and girls regarding bullying/ cyberbullying have been highlighted in several studies in different countries and cultures. In this study we analyzed the manifestation of the phenomenon of bullying and cyberbullying in a gender perspective, in students of secondary schools in Mures county, based on the previous two surveys conducted among students in Mures county. Results showed differences regarding the roles of the process of bullying, boys being harassing/ aggressive more often than girls, but significant differences in being harassed by bullying or cyberbullying were not found. The phenomenon of bullying/ cyberbullying is more and more present among secondary school students, with no major differences regarding the gender of the students.

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Motivation and communication. New perspectives

Author(s): Georgeta Pânişoară,Ion-Ovidiu Panisoara / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2008

The connection between motivation and communication is one extremely fertile in educational process. The teacher must know how to use different types of motivation: motivation of power, affiliation, curiosity, approval etc. On the other angle, for an efficient educational process the teacher must know understand and he (she) must know find solutions regarding different psychological defense mechanisms which pupils/students try at school. The link between motivation and communication is required to be explored from multiples points of views.

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Migration – a new cause of the learning difficulties in contemporary school

Author(s): Horatiu Catalano / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2008

The present paper is focused on describing one of the aspects of migration phenomenon and its implication in the context of contemporary education. The statistics show that in some cases, the leaving of one of the parents causes the deterioration of the relationship between the child and the parent that remained at home, be this the mother or the father. For this children whose parents have left to work abroad school represents an important factor of stress. As an operational method for acting, the establishment of the differential diagnosis is very important. The student with learning difficulties may be recuperated if he/she attends personalized intervention programmes that carefully include : objectives, proper recuperation activities, specific methods and means, the duration of each activity carried out and the forms of the periodical and final evaluations.

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