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Assessment of Self-esteem, Locus of Control and Achievement Motivation of Female Students in Kwara State Colleges of Education, Nigeria

Author(s): Oluwaseun Tayo Olaoye,Damilola Daniel Olaoye / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

This study carried out an assessment of locus of control, self-esteem and achievement motivation of female students at Kwara State College of Education, Nigeria. 240 respondents were selected from each of the two colleges of education, purposively selected for the study making a total of 480 respondents. The instrument used was a structured questionnaire which was validated and tested for its reliability. Descriptive statistics were used in order to answer the research questions, while inferential statistics of multiple regression analyses were used to test the research hypothesis. The findings show that 66.67% of female respondents have internal locus of control and 33.33% have external locus of control; that 29.20% of the students have low selfesteem, while 70.80% have high self-esteem; and that 16.67% have low achievement motivation, while 83.33% have high achievement motivation. Finally, locus of control and self-esteem significantly predict achievement motivation of female students (F = 61.336; p < .05). However, it was recommended that parents should give adequate support and encouragement to their female children in order to maintain high achievement motivation spirit. The government of Nigeria should create an enabling environment capable of maintaining the growth of achievement motivation among female students by showing greater concern and interest for investment in engineering and industry.

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AUTHENTICITY AS A TEST OF IDENTITY

Author(s): Mirosław Karwat / Language(s): English / Issue: 68/2020

The identity of subjects participating in social processes or the daily functioning of social structures is a result of many factors – such as their representativeness and social typicality, the social programming of their personalities and activities, but also their personal experiences and individual characteristics. Formal expressions and testimonies of identity associated with the sense of belonging to a group, ideological belonging, are unreliable. An objectified and effective test of the real identity of an individual as a member of society, citizen, employee, follower of certain views, is the model of authenticity in participation. The components of this model include the criteria of authenticity of existence, authenticity of bonds and social structures, authenticity of the status of participants, authenticity of their needs, authenticity of attitudes, actions and works. Authenticity in this meaning is not the same as simply being authentic, or factual, genuine, original or consistent in reference to the original, or as a testimony’s conformity with the facts. It is a combination of such traits as autonomy, autotelic quality, consistency, functionality of the relationship between the whole and its elements, while, in relation to human consciousness and activity – sincerity, spontaneity, adequacy in relation to one’s own needs and nature.

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AUTIZAM I SAMOPERCEPCIJA ZNANJA POMOĆNIKA U NASTAVI

Author(s): Denis Jurković,Anita Penić Jurković,Iva Maglić / Language(s): English,Croatian / Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this e-research carried out in the school year 2019/2020, on a sample of 425 learning support assistants, was to establish the level of self-perceived knowledge about inclusion and working with students with autism among learning support assistants. The aim of the research was also to establish which of the socio-demographic indicators contribute to self-perceived knowledge about working with students with autism, but also to inclusion in general. The Questionnaire on the Self-Perceived Knowledge on Inclusion and Autism (SZIA), which consists of two subscales, was designed for the purposes of this research. The first subscale, Self-perceived specific knowledge on autism, measures self-perceived knowledge on working with students with autism; while the other subscale, Self-perceived general knowledge on inclusion, measures self-perceived knowledge of the learning support assistant on inclusion in general. A socio-demographic questionnaire was also compiled by which other data on research participants were collected. According to the obtained results, self-perceived knowledge about working with students with autism showed a statistically significant positive relationship with the initial motive for working with those students. Completion of training for becoming a learning support assistant and experience in working with those students showed a significant negative relationship with self-perceived knowledge about working with students with autism. However, neither motive, training nor experience played an essential role in self-perceived knowledge about inclusion. Also, there were statistically significant differences among study participants in self-perceived knowledge about working with students with autism. This applies in particular to the initial motive for work, completed training for learning support assistant and the experience of working with students with autism, while years of work as an assistant did not make a statistically significant difference. Finally, self-perceived knowledge on inclusion was shown to contribute statistically significantly to self-perceived knowledge of working with students with autism. This kind of research has great potential for gaining a better insight into the knowledge and competencies of assistants, and thus the quality of their work.

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Auto-compasiunea și auto-eficacitateaca – resurse personale în cazul terapeuților

Author(s): Raluca Nicoleta Trifu,Bogdana Susana Miclea,Dana Herța,Smaranda PUȘCAȘU,Horia Coman / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

One of the special human qualities is the compassion shown towards our fellow, in special situations, people who live certain states determined by the moments of life they go through. Self-compassion refers to the ability to show compassion, understanding and protection to oneself. It is operationalized by researcher Kristin Neff. Self-efficacy, proposed by Albert Bandura, refers to the perception of self and is related to the belief in one's own abilities, in one's own ability to solve situations. The interest of the study aims the relationship between self-compassion and self-efficacy in the case of a distinct category, that of therapists, professionally faced with situations that require personal resources. Methods: The level of self-compassion was assessed with the Self-Compassion Scale, 26 items, proposed by Kristin Neff. The level of self-efficacy was assessed using the New General Self-Efficacy Scale, the 8-item scale proposed by Gilad Chen & co (2001). Both questionnaires were distributed electronically. The data obtained were statistically analyzed and interpreted. Results: In the professional categories investigated, there are underline links and relations between the two constructs, with professional implications. The results show (1) Therapists have high values in assessing self-efficacy; (2) Therapists have high values of self-compassion; (3) Therapists have a high level of self-compassion and a low level of self-criticism as indicated by the self-compassion sub-scales; (4) There is a direct relationship between self-efficacy and self-compassion; (5) Therapists with high level of self-compassion also have a high level of self-efficacy (6) The level of self-efficacy is influenced by age and professional experience. (7) The level of self-compassion is influenced by age and professional experience Conclusion: The two concepts discussed are important in relation to certain professional categories and under the auspices of situations considered stressful and with emotional burden.

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Autonomia jako autotranscendencja w prawdzie. O etyce wyrosłej z doświadczenia dziejowego i przeżywania prawd wiecznych

Author(s): Ryszard Moń / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

The article addresses one of the most important aspects of the ethics developed by Tadeusz Styczeń, namely, that of the interdependence of freedom and truth, discussing also the related issue of identity and self-transcendence. First, the author describes seven areas of the debate initiated either by Styczeń himself or by his adversaries, at the same time showing his ethics as grounded in thelived experience of both history and the eternal truths. Next, the author presents a distinction, proposed by Styczeń, between two ways of discovering truth: by external cognition and by an act of conscience, where acknowledging truth is tantamount to the subject’s self-affirmation. Styczeń argued that truth, once it is known, must be acted upon by a person and thus acknowledged by her in particular situations of her life. Remaining faithful to the Aristotelian and Thomistic tradition, Styczeń explored ‘particular’ truths found in current existential contexts and attested to in an actual persons’ lives. He described the human being as an individual who exists but in a relation to society and not merely as a thinking and knowing subject, separated from others. In Styczeń’s view, the experience of personhood is the starting point for the search for truth and goodness. The concluding part of the text focuses on the influence of Styczeń’s ideas on Polish and international intellectual milieus and on an analysis of his diagnosis of the crisis of the European thought.

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Autopercepcja warunkiem efektywności techniki „stopa w drzwiach”

Author(s): Małgorzata Gamian-Wilk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 40/2017

The paper reviews research on self-perception as a mechanism of the foot-in the-door technique. First I present the theory of self-perception and controversies around the issue of self-perception as a source of knowledge about self. I argue that self-image changes occurring as a result of performing the initial request may lead to higher compliance with the target request. Data suggesting existence of two separate foot-in-the-door strategies and mechanisms underlying their efficacy have been presented. Finally, on the base of the obtained results the advice has been given on how to increase the compliance rate.

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AUTOPORTRET KOMPOZYTORA W SZTUCE MUZYCZNEJ

Author(s): Irina SEREDIUK / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 12/2021

Zainteresowania badaczy dość często koncentrują się na sylwetce kompozytora, która w oczywisty sposób uzupełnia tekst muzyczny oraz interpretację utworu. Proces muzyczno-artystyczny, w którym istotną rolę odgrywają: tożsamość twórcy, środki muzyczne, podtekst psychologiczny oraz wewnętrzny świat bohaterów, obejmuje trzy strefy: kompozytorów, wykonawców i słuchaczy. Obecność twórcy – kompozytora – w dziele muzycznym jest wyjątkowym zjawiskiem, wymagającym szczególnej uwagi i przeprowadzenia szczegółowych badań.

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Autoregulácia učenia ako módna paradigma?

Author(s): Peter Ondrejkovič / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 4/2014

This paper argues against the current wave of examining self-regulated learning. Mentions the extreme emphasis on rationality, lack of knowledge about the internal management of human, but also lack of a sense of identity issues in relation to self-regulation. In conclusion, expressed doubts about the validity of the currently used research tools self-regulated learning.

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Autorstwo własnego życia studenta z niepełnosprawnością a doświadczenia edukacyjne i społeczne

Author(s): Magda Lejzerowicz,Katarzyna Podstawka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Introduction. Being an author/subject by person with disability is a complex process. In analyzes interdisciplinary research of pedagogical, sociological, psychological and philosophical perspectives were used. Aim. The aim of the research in action is to stimulate the critical reflection of participants on the co-creation of scientific reality, their own practice, and raising research and professional competences. The next aim is to demonstrate the importance of educational and social activity in the process of becoming the subject/author of the own’s life of student with disability. Materials and methods. The research used the methodology of participatory research in action (Denzin, Linkoln 2009, Glaser, Strauss 2009, Charmaz 2009, Reason, Torbert 2010, Cervinkova, Gołębniak 2010, Czerepaniak-Walczak 2014) and the autoetnographic method was used (Geertz 2005, Wolcott 2008, Chang 2007, Freeman 2004, Anderson 2014). Results. The analysis of the experiences of a student with disability in the academic environment indicates significant deficiencies in supporting the areas of authorship: subjective experiences, well-being, independence, implementation of development tasks, social contacts. Conclusions. Autoethnographic-enhanced action research is a useful tool in the process of improving research and professional competences of both students and academic teachers. The participation of students with diversed needs in academic education may enable an increase in the level of inclusion in the academic community and affect the quality of education for all.

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Avicenna: Màstant Suvokti Save

Author(s): Juozas Žilionis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 60/2009

The article analyzes how Avicenna understands human thinking in relation to peculiarities of personas self-awareness. The center of rational soul consists of emotional, sensitive and intellectual parts performing the corresponding functions. By means of these psychic functions man becomes aware of her/ his being as the corporeal and spiritual unity. This awareness grants the continuity and identity of personal experience. In the cognitional process human soul is united with the active intellect and determined by time. Therefore, according to Avicenna, man is understood as being which experiences becoming and strives to the Absolute. The initiative of thinking belongs to the First Principle continuously contemplating His own essence. From this act of contemplation arises everything what exists. Therefore Avicenna treats cosmos as the result of converse movement which urges each separate intellectual substance contemplate on its own being and strive for the self-awareness.

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Axiological contexts of social rehabilitation of prisoners in the aspect of the assumptions of Christian personalism

Author(s): Kazimierz Pierzchała / Language(s): English / Issue: 2 ENG/2018

Personalism means giving something of a personal character, the personality of a person, raising a person – axiology is a value – and resocialization is a change (change) – personality of a person oriented towards the side of freedom, independent decision making and social roles having the possibility of autonomous and free decision making. The aim of the article is to develop (interpretation, continuation) the last paragraph of my – a scientific study – publication, taking into account the achievements of contemporary pedagogy, penitentiary psychology and teaching of the Church’s Magisterium: Destigmatization of criminals in the light of the Magisterium of the Church’s and views on rehabilitation. As part of my pedagogical and social rehabilitation considerations, in accordance with the pronunciation of the Church’s Magisterium, I formulated a concept (in harmony with the broadly understood humanist and existential trend, including humanistic and positive psychology, as well as axiological education directed at the personality potential of a human being). I called it the personalistic axiology of resocialization.The methodology used to write this publication was to conduct a critical analysis of literature, including my work and other documents, including available Internet resources.

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BAĞIMLILIK OLGUSU: OYUN BAĞIMLILIĞINDA PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME

Author(s): Gülhan Gökçe CERAN YILDIRIM / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 59/2021

The behavioral addiction, apart from substance use addiction, is defined by impulsive repetitive actions of the individual and has become one of the relatively new problems in the psychology community. Game addiction, which has similar diagnostic criteria with gambling addiction, is one of the areas of behavioral addiction, and studies on early object relationships, one of the reasons of this field, are very limited. Game addiction, which affects individuals regardless of age group with the developing technology, is explained by the early period unsuccessful object relations. When it comes to the importance of play in adult life, the concept of fantasy is also included in the work. In general, in this study, the irresistible needs of individuals for the controllable depth and colorful aspects of the virtual world were tried to be explained in the context of individuals' past life patterns, ego functions, self and object designs, and the clinical manifestations of behavioral addictions and also the importance of psychodynamic approaches when working with them were emphasized.

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Bağlanma, Aleksitimi ve Psikolojik Belirtilerin Öznel İyi Oluş Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Etkisi

Author(s): Hüseyin Ünübol,Gökben H. Sayar,Esra Gül Koçyiğit / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: Suppl. 1/2020

The aim of this study is to examine whether attachment, alexithymia and psychological symptoms have a predictive effect, together with some sociodemographic characteristics, in both male and female samples. The sample group of the study consists of 24494 people over the age of 18. Sociodemographic Information Form, Close Relationships Experience Form II, Short Symptom Inventory, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Personal Well-Being Index Adult Form were used to collect data. In the male sample, difficulty in recognizing emotions, avoidant attachment, depression level, negative self-level, alcohol consumption and age decreased subjective well-being; In the female sample, difficulty in recognizing emotions, avoidant attachment, anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, education level, smoking, alcohol use and age decreased subjective wellbeing. As a result alexithymia, attachment styles and psychological symptoms are effective factors in predicting subjective well-being.

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BALSAI IŠ SOVIETINIŲ PSICHIATRIJOS LIGONINIŲ: SAVOJO AŠ SAMPRATOS SKUNDUOSE

Author(s): Tomas Vaiseta / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 62/2014

This article is based on an analysis of Soviet patients’ complaints stored in the archive of Soviet Lithuania’s Ministry of Health Care. The analysis of patients’ complaints aims at interpreting the self-perception of mentally ill persons in Soviet psychiatric hospitals. The complaints are interpreted as a part of public communication that could help us to understand the process of social identification, that is, how a subject represents himself to others and how he defines himself by the social categories. The most significant discourses in the context of Soviet psychiatry are brought out. These discourses had formed the components and sub-components of the perception of the self: the self as a Soviet citizen, as an object of medicine, as a patient, and as mentally ill. The analysis shows how the subjects used the vocabulary of a particular discourse, and in the situations of the conflicts did not reject a discourse but were searching for a way to rationalize their experience. At the same time it is important to emphasize the expectations which these discourses form. These expectations, if not fulfilled, generated the dissatisfaction by which it became possible to recognize the subject as a self defining her/himself, reflecting her/his situation, and seeking to change it. In this way probably for the first time in the history of modern Lithuania it became possible to hear the voices of the patients of psychiatric hospitals who defended their own subjectivity, although they found themselves in the captivity of so-called truth regimes.

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Basis on Human Consciousness and its Complex Perception

Author(s): Emanuel George Oprea,Cristiana Oprea,Alexandru Oprea / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Scientific researches had demonstrated already that Humans and other beings from the Earth are not so different from biological and genetic point of view. Somewhere with millions years back in time qualitative changes were taken place when men were started to look to the sky not only with fear like any other wild animal but also with hope that in the very far future they will become at least as great as the sky. In this very hard road of mankind to perfection, some kind of immaterial inner superior being had suggested the right steps. Now we are calling this “Consciousness, Awareness” and this inner force without any doubt leads us to God. The main problem in Human Consciousness is to define the percentage of real pure man awareness separated from physical and biological nature. It is well known fact that many factors like education, weather, environment and other components influence, model and forms the human state of consciousness. The main method in the determination of real, pure awareness state is to separate it by examination of some human factors of life. It is considered that the basis of the pure state of human consciousness is the Word as it has the power to induce a pure way of perception. The human consciousness is considered pure for the most part, because the Word is able to move people with the strength of its full purity.

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BAZELE NEURO-FIZIOLOGICE ALE COMPORTAMENTULUI INTENȚIONAL

Author(s): Dan PSATTA / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2020

The intentionality was brought as a theme of philosophical meditation by Husserl, and his theories had and have a great impact in the Romanian philosophy. The main problem of philosophical thinking of all time was the lack of objective validation. I proposed the functional (neuro-physiological) research of mental activity as a fundamental means of validating the philosophy of the spirit, naming this approach neurophilosophy. From this perspective, most of Husserl's statements are invalid. The mental activity has, from a neuro-physiological point of view, two spheres: one of the receptor type (sensory) within the retro-Rolandic headquarters/associative areas, another of the effector type (action) within an area of pre-Rolandic anatomical projection.Intentionality is not sensory, as Husserl (in the theory of the "intentional object") believed, but is a psycho-motor "hinge" between the two spheres, action-oriented and has, from a neuro-physiological point of view, a very complex mechanism, evolving on the animal scale in specific stages, which we try to demonstrate.

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BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR ÖĞRETMENLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÖĞRETMENLİĞE YÖNELİK ÖZ YETERLİLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): İlim SARIKAYA,Alptürk Akçöltekin,Selin Akçöltekin,Ali Osman Engin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 40/2018

This study aims to examine the levels of self-efficacy for teaching among the teacher candidates from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching. For this purpose, "Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale" was applied on 94 students from the School of Physical Education and Sports. The scale has 3 dimensions which are “self-efficacy for ensuring student participation", "self-efficacy for teaching strategies" and "self-efficacy for classroom management". As descriptive statistics, arithmetic average and standard deviation statistics were used to analyse the data. The examination of statistical values regarding the students' answers to the statements in each factor reveals that teacher candidates have a very high level of self-efficacy for increasing the participation of students who do not have much interest in the class, for providing talented students with convenient learning atmosphere and for taking under control the behaviours that can negatively affect the classroom atmosphere.

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Being at home: Global citizenship in Norwegian schools. A study of children’s poems

Author(s): Susan Erdmann / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

The paper addresses the question of self-perceived identity in children attending international schools in Norway. In this population, the distinction between “home culture” and “host culture” is no longer relevant, since most of the children represent “hyphenated” (e.g. Asian-British or American-Scandinavian) or merged nationalities and cultures. The goal of the study is to investigate how these pupils define themselves and the notion of “home”. To achieve at least a preliminary picture of the children’s self-perception, the authors have analysed poems on two topics: Me and Home, written by pupils of an international school and a Norwegian school, both informant groups aged 11-13. A semantic analysis of the poems indicates that the international school children present strong assertions of individual identity as defined against societal roles, while the Norwegian school pupils do not conceptualize identity formation as a struggle and their poems reflect a high degree of social, familial and national integration.

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Being her own biographer – Su Meck’s memoir I Forgot to Remember and the fallibility of memory from the perspective of neuroscience and cognitive psychology

Author(s): Anita Jarczok / Language(s): English / Issue: 28/2017

Su Meck’s memoir relates her loss of memory as a result of the brain injury that she suffered when a kitchen fan fell on her head. Meck never recovered her memories from before the incident, and for some time after it she was also unable to form any new memories. In this dramatic account of the loss of memory, Meck tries to understand her experiences and to rebuild her sense of self. I describe the dire consequences of such a total memory failure, especially to our sense of self. However, I also argue that this memoir is about the fallibility of memory in general, not only in such an extreme case as the brain injury. Trying to reconstruct her story, Meck discovers that others have either incomplete or conflicting stories to tell her. I Forgot to Remember brings the transient and biased nature of our own memories into sharp focus. However, Meck’s narrative not only exposes the limitation of our memory and highlights its importance to our sense of self but also brings to light the fluid boundaries of various life writing genres and reveals the pitfalls of placing too much emphasis on memory in relation to self.

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BEZGRANICZNOŚĆ GŁUPOTY I GRANICE MĄDROŚCI. NA ROZDROŻACH SOKRATEJSKIEJ PEDAGOGII NIEWIEDZY

Author(s): Marek Rembierz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2021

The relationship between stupidity and wisdom is marked by a multitude of dramatic and not entirely transparent tensions. While stupidity grows abundantly like self-seeding weeds, finding fertile ground in every area of human activity, there is a constant lack of wisdom. Since antiquity, the conviction seems to prevail—also in the tradition of the Socratic pedagogy—that there is ‘too much’ of both overt and hidden stupidity and that its ‘excess’ keeps growing, continuing at the expense of the desired wisdom and values associated with it. In Western culture, the complexity of the relationships between wisdom and stupidity is scrutinized already in Plato’s classical works The Apology of Socrates and The Symposium: namely, in the speech of Socrates, and in the story of Eros begotten as the child of Poverty and Resource, respectively. Both texts manifest the key ideas of the Socratic pedagogy of ignorance and the condition of Eros symbolizes that of a philosopher, a lover of wisdom who is “betwixt wisdom and ignorance,” and incessantly striving to overcome this state. The story about Eros has largely determined the ways in which the complexity of and tensions between stupidity and wisdom have been perceived in Western culture as such and, in particular, in its philosophy and pedagogy. The lack of a critical discernment of stupidity is coupled with a persistent failure to recognize or respect boundaries. While stupidity appears in the outlined perspective as dangerously infinite, still unimaginable for its cognitive penetration and untamed despite the pedagogical activities directed against it, somehow spilling its limitlessness into relatively ordered spheres, it reflects its limits due to the pursuit of wisdom.

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