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Avicenna: Màstant Suvokti Save

Author(s): Juozas Žilionis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 60/2009

The article analyzes how Avicenna understands human thinking in relation to peculiarities of personas self-awareness. The center of rational soul consists of emotional, sensitive and intellectual parts performing the corresponding functions. By means of these psychic functions man becomes aware of her/ his being as the corporeal and spiritual unity. This awareness grants the continuity and identity of personal experience. In the cognitional process human soul is united with the active intellect and determined by time. Therefore, according to Avicenna, man is understood as being which experiences becoming and strives to the Absolute. The initiative of thinking belongs to the First Principle continuously contemplating His own essence. From this act of contemplation arises everything what exists. Therefore Avicenna treats cosmos as the result of converse movement which urges each separate intellectual substance contemplate on its own being and strive for the self-awareness.

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Axiological contexts of social rehabilitation of prisoners in the aspect of the assumptions of Christian personalism

Author(s): Kazimierz Pierzchała / Language(s): English / Issue: 2 ENG/2018

Personalism means giving something of a personal character, the personality of a person, raising a person – axiology is a value – and resocialization is a change (change) – personality of a person oriented towards the side of freedom, independent decision making and social roles having the possibility of autonomous and free decision making. The aim of the article is to develop (interpretation, continuation) the last paragraph of my – a scientific study – publication, taking into account the achievements of contemporary pedagogy, penitentiary psychology and teaching of the Church’s Magisterium: Destigmatization of criminals in the light of the Magisterium of the Church’s and views on rehabilitation. As part of my pedagogical and social rehabilitation considerations, in accordance with the pronunciation of the Church’s Magisterium, I formulated a concept (in harmony with the broadly understood humanist and existential trend, including humanistic and positive psychology, as well as axiological education directed at the personality potential of a human being). I called it the personalistic axiology of resocialization.The methodology used to write this publication was to conduct a critical analysis of literature, including my work and other documents, including available Internet resources.

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Basis on Human Consciousness and its Complex Perception

Author(s): Emanuel George Oprea,Cristiana Oprea,Alexandru Oprea / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Scientific researches had demonstrated already that Humans and other beings from the Earth are not so different from biological and genetic point of view. Somewhere with millions years back in time qualitative changes were taken place when men were started to look to the sky not only with fear like any other wild animal but also with hope that in the very far future they will become at least as great as the sky. In this very hard road of mankind to perfection, some kind of immaterial inner superior being had suggested the right steps. Now we are calling this “Consciousness, Awareness” and this inner force without any doubt leads us to God. The main problem in Human Consciousness is to define the percentage of real pure man awareness separated from physical and biological nature. It is well known fact that many factors like education, weather, environment and other components influence, model and forms the human state of consciousness. The main method in the determination of real, pure awareness state is to separate it by examination of some human factors of life. It is considered that the basis of the pure state of human consciousness is the Word as it has the power to induce a pure way of perception. The human consciousness is considered pure for the most part, because the Word is able to move people with the strength of its full purity.

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BAZELE NEURO-FIZIOLOGICE ALE COMPORTAMENTULUI INTENȚIONAL

Author(s): Dan PSATTA / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2020

The intentionality was brought as a theme of philosophical meditation by Husserl, and his theories had and have a great impact in the Romanian philosophy. The main problem of philosophical thinking of all time was the lack of objective validation. I proposed the functional (neuro-physiological) research of mental activity as a fundamental means of validating the philosophy of the spirit, naming this approach neurophilosophy. From this perspective, most of Husserl's statements are invalid. The mental activity has, from a neuro-physiological point of view, two spheres: one of the receptor type (sensory) within the retro-Rolandic headquarters/associative areas, another of the effector type (action) within an area of pre-Rolandic anatomical projection.Intentionality is not sensory, as Husserl (in the theory of the "intentional object") believed, but is a psycho-motor "hinge" between the two spheres, action-oriented and has, from a neuro-physiological point of view, a very complex mechanism, evolving on the animal scale in specific stages, which we try to demonstrate.

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BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR ÖĞRETMENLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÖĞRETMENLİĞE YÖNELİK ÖZ YETERLİLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): İlim SARIKAYA,Alptürk Akçöltekin,Selin Akçöltekin,Ali Osman Engin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 40/2018

This study aims to examine the levels of self-efficacy for teaching among the teacher candidates from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching. For this purpose, "Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale" was applied on 94 students from the School of Physical Education and Sports. The scale has 3 dimensions which are “self-efficacy for ensuring student participation", "self-efficacy for teaching strategies" and "self-efficacy for classroom management". As descriptive statistics, arithmetic average and standard deviation statistics were used to analyse the data. The examination of statistical values regarding the students' answers to the statements in each factor reveals that teacher candidates have a very high level of self-efficacy for increasing the participation of students who do not have much interest in the class, for providing talented students with convenient learning atmosphere and for taking under control the behaviours that can negatively affect the classroom atmosphere.

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Being at home: Global citizenship in Norwegian schools. A study of children’s poems

Author(s): Susan Erdmann / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

The paper addresses the question of self-perceived identity in children attending international schools in Norway. In this population, the distinction between “home culture” and “host culture” is no longer relevant, since most of the children represent “hyphenated” (e.g. Asian-British or American-Scandinavian) or merged nationalities and cultures. The goal of the study is to investigate how these pupils define themselves and the notion of “home”. To achieve at least a preliminary picture of the children’s self-perception, the authors have analysed poems on two topics: Me and Home, written by pupils of an international school and a Norwegian school, both informant groups aged 11-13. A semantic analysis of the poems indicates that the international school children present strong assertions of individual identity as defined against societal roles, while the Norwegian school pupils do not conceptualize identity formation as a struggle and their poems reflect a high degree of social, familial and national integration.

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Being her own biographer – Su Meck’s memoir I Forgot to Remember and the fallibility of memory from the perspective of neuroscience and cognitive psychology

Author(s): Anita Jarczok / Language(s): English / Issue: 28/2017

Su Meck’s memoir relates her loss of memory as a result of the brain injury that she suffered when a kitchen fan fell on her head. Meck never recovered her memories from before the incident, and for some time after it she was also unable to form any new memories. In this dramatic account of the loss of memory, Meck tries to understand her experiences and to rebuild her sense of self. I describe the dire consequences of such a total memory failure, especially to our sense of self. However, I also argue that this memoir is about the fallibility of memory in general, not only in such an extreme case as the brain injury. Trying to reconstruct her story, Meck discovers that others have either incomplete or conflicting stories to tell her. I Forgot to Remember brings the transient and biased nature of our own memories into sharp focus. However, Meck’s narrative not only exposes the limitation of our memory and highlights its importance to our sense of self but also brings to light the fluid boundaries of various life writing genres and reveals the pitfalls of placing too much emphasis on memory in relation to self.

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Bilinçli Farkındalığın Psikolojik İyi Oluş Üzerindeki Etkisi: Boş Zamanda Can Sıkıntısının Aracılık Rolü

Author(s): Utku Işık,Ömür F. KARAKULLUKÇU,Hamdi Alper Güngörmüş / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 7-S1/2020

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and mediation of boredom in leisure time in the effect of conscious awareness on psychological well-being among secondary school students. The research group of the study consisted of 192 students with an average age of Mage = 16.32 +/- 0.91 who studied at secondary education institutions in Manisa. Participants answered the "Psychological Well-Being Scale," "Conscious Awareness Scale," and "Boredom in Leisure Scale." In the study, the effect of conscious awareness on psychological well-being was tested with Simple Linear Regression Analysis. Baron and Kenny's method was used as the mediating effect of boredom. To determine how effective the mediated role, bootstrap confidence interval values were used. According to the analyzes, it was seen that conscious awareness had a significant effect on psychological well-being (β =, 4204; F(1,190) = 15,507; p <0.05). Both the competence sub-dimension and the motivation sub-dimension of the Leisure Boredom Scale were included as a mediator variable, the power of the relationship between conscious awareness and psychological well-being was decreased. In other words, mediator variables decreased the power of the effect. Bootstrap confidence intervals were checked to determine whether the indirect effect was significant. It was seen that bootstrap confidence intervals were below and above zero in both sub-dimensions and sub-dimensions of boredom scale have a partial mediating effect. As a result, conscious awareness positively affects psychological well-being. However, among students suffering from boredom in their leisure time, this effect tends to decrease. There was a decrease in the participants' psychological well-being, who were bored in their leisure time. Although conscious awareness effect on psychological well-being, the power of the effect decreases.

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Bilinçli Farkındalık ile Psikolojik Kırılganlık İlişkisinde Utangaçlığın Aracı Rolü

Author(s): Mehmet Sarıçalı,Seydi Ahmet Satıcı / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2017

The current study was designed to investigated the mediating role of shyness on the associated between mindfulness and psychological vulnerability in Turkish university students. The participants were 299 [176(59%) females, 123(41%) males] volunteer university students who completed a questionnaire package that included Turkish versions of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Psychological Vulnerability Scale, the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale. The theoretical model was tested using a two-step structural equation modeling and bootstrapping procedure. The results indicated that mindfulness was negatively associated with shyness psychological vulnerability and that shyness positively associated with psychological vulnerability. After the confirmed measurement model, the structural equation modeling revealed that shyness partially mediated the role of mindfulness on psychological vulnerability. Moreover, bootstrapping procedure confirmed that mindfulness was indirectly associated with psychological vulnerability through shyness. The findings highlight that the importance of mindfulness in decreasing perceptions of shyness and decreasing psychological vulnerability.

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BİTLİS ve VAN İLLERİNDE OKUL SPORLARINA KATILAN ERGENLERİN ÖZGÜVEN ve SOSYAL KAYGI DÜZEYLERİ İNCELEMESİ

Author(s): Emrah Aykora / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 41/2019

This study aimed at determining adolescents’ doing sports regularly and examining its correlation with their self-reliance and anxiety levels. This study also identified adolescents’ tendency to do sports regularly and their self-reliance and anxiety levels. Correlation tests were used to identify the correlation between adolescents’ doing sports regularly and their self-reliance and anxiety levels. The universe of this study was composed of adolescents attending high schools in provinces of Bitlis and Van. The study group consisted of 912 students (317 females and 595 males) from vocational high schools, science high schools, vocational religious high schools, Anatolian high schools and sports high schools who volunteered to partake in this study. The study group was divided into two groups as the school sports group (SSP) who declared participating in school sports activities and the non-school sports group (NSSP) who declared no participation in school sports activities. Information declared by adolescents was also confirmed by their physical education teachers at their schools. The Self-reliance Scale used in the study was developed by Akın (2007). The scale, which was originally composed of 56 items, was shortened to 44 items in line with the expert opinions.

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Borderline Knowing: (Re)Valuing Borderline Personality Disorder as (Counter) Knowledge

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Borderline Knowing: (Re)Valuing Borderline Personality Disorder as (Counter) Knowledge

Author(s): Sarah Redikopp / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2018

This article explores Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) as an epistemic standpoint defiant of dominant Western knowledge frameworks, which are (supposedly) rational, objective and linear. I engage with feminist, critical psychiatry and Mad critiques of BPD as a medicalization of trauma and ameliorate these critiques by engaging BPD as both a psychiatric diagnosis and as a (non-pathological) response to traumatic experiences. I conceptualize the ‘borderline standpoint’ as a subversive epistemology and examine the capacity of queer-crip temporalities to meaningfully engage with the borderline standpoint, arguing that a framework of queer time is useful insofar as trauma (and borderline knowing) are necessarily nonlinear. Ultimately, I employ concepts of queer-crip time, including the works of Alison Kafer and Elizabeth Freeman, to open new avenues of engagement with the ‘ugly’ affect of borderline and to embark on a maddening epistemological project.

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BULLYING in schools - Activities through which teachers can prevent Bullying at school

Author(s): Ana-Maria Ţebrean,Andreea Ţebrean (Sabie) / Language(s): English / Issue: 9/2018

In this paper entitled BULLYING in schools - Activities through which teachers can prevent Bullying at school, we propose to present a worrying reality of our day by proposing some preventive ways that could come in support of a worrying phenomenon, which has increased in size in schools in Romania. We consider that the teaching staff also plays an important role in trying to stop this phenomenon, by implementing some active-participatory activities in the classroom, activities that we intend to highlight in this paper.

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Być sobą, aby siebie przekraczać. Refleksje nad zagadnieniem autotranscendencji w ujęciu Tadeusza Stycznia i Karola Wojtyły–Jana Pawła II

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Być sobą, aby siebie przekraczać. Refleksje nad zagadnieniem autotranscendencji w ujęciu Tadeusza Stycznia i Karola Wojtyły–Jana Pawła II

Author(s): Stanisław Suwiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

Based on the thought of, among others, Tadeusz Styczeń and Karol Wojtyła, the author addresses the topics of being oneself and going beyond oneself. After discussing the idea of Christian spirituality as a foundation for the understanding of the essence of humanity, the author considers the notion of being oneself in relation to others. The author claims that engaging in an effort to be himself or herself is necessary for the human being to develop the attitude of openness and solidarity with others. Every human being, existing at a particular time in history, faces the task of achieving spiritual maturity. The author believes that it is important to present the truth about human nature to contemporary man and thus help him develop, on the basis of this truth, the capacity for self-transcendence.

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CAN WE BUILD THEORIES OF UNDERSTANDING ON THE BASIS OF MIRROR NEURONS?

Author(s): Anita Pacholik-Żuromska / Language(s): English / Issue: 28/2015

The discovery of mirror neurons and the characterization of their response properties is certainly an important achievement in neurophysiology and cognitive neuroscience. The reference to the role of mirror neurons in ‘reading’ the intentions of other creatures and in the learning process fulfils an explanatory function in understanding many cognitive phenomena beginning from imitating, towards understanding, and finishing with complex social interactions. The focus of this paper is to review selected approaches to the role of mirror neurons in mental activity as understanding, and to conclude with some possible implications for researches on mirror neurons for philosophical theories of understanding.

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Characteristics and Associated Factors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Italian Young People: A Survey Through a Thematic Website

Author(s): Giuseppe Martorana / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a group of young Italians who self-injure. In examining the characteristics, specific attention was given to the feelings and personal experiences associated with episodes of NSSI. Methods: The research involved 362 young people (332 females and 30 males) who completed an online survey hosted on a website specifically geared to supporting young people who self-injure. This methodology enabled involving a diverse population of young people who self-injure, thus going beyond specific groups or clinical samples. Results: Results show that the majority of respondents start injuring themselves between the ages of 12 and 16 years (72.38%, n = 262). Cutting was the most common self-injuring method (81.77%, n = 297). The 79.83% (n = 289) of respondents had not sought professional help for their wounds, preferring to care for their wounds on their own. More than half of the respondents (56.91%, n = 206) claimed to have experienced anxiety-spectrum disorders and almost half of the respondents (41.71%, n = 151) claimed to have experienced some type of eating disorder. Discussion and Conclusions: Many similarities have been found between this study and the literature, thus strengthening the hypothesis that NSSI is becoming a universal issue with similar characteristics across countries.

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Characteristics of Self-Identified Sexual Addicts in a Behavioral Addiction Outpatient Clinic

Author(s): Aline Wéry,Kim Vogelaere,Gaélle Challet-Bouju,François-Xavier Poudat,Julie Caillon,Delphine Lever,Joël Billieux,Marie Grall-Bronnec / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

Research on sexual addiction flourished during the last decade, promoted by the development of an increased number of online sexual activities. Despite the accumulation of studies, however, evidence collected in clinical samples of treatment-seeking people remains scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics (socio-demographics, sexual habits, and comorbidities) of self-identified “sexual addicts.” Methods: The sample was composed of 72 patients who consulted an outpatient treatment center regarding their sexual behaviors. Data were collected through a combination of structured interviewing and self-report measures. Results: Most patients were males (94.4%) aged 20–76 years (mean 40.3 ± 10.9). Endorsement of sexual addiction diagnosis varied from 56.9% to 95.8% depending on the criteria used. The sexual behaviors reported to have the highest degree of functional impairment were having multiple sexual partners (56%), having unprotected sexual intercourse (51.9%), and using cybersex (43.6%). Ninety percent of patients endorsed a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, and 60.6% presented at least one paraphilia. Conclusions: Results showed highly different profiles in terms of sexual preferences and behaviors, as well as comorbidities involved. These findings highlight the need to develop tailored psychotherapeutic interventions by taking into account the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder.

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CİDDİ SERBEST ZAMAN KATILIMINDA KADIN UZUN MESAFE KOŞUCULARININ DENEYİMLERİNİN ÖZ BELİRLEME KURAMINA GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Senanur Doğusan,Funda Koçak / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2019

The aim of this study was to examine deeply the experiences of women who prefer long distance running as a serious leisure activity within the framework of Self-Determination Theory. According to the theoretical framework, it was aimed to understand how participation in a serious leisure activity affects individuals' basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness. The research was designed in the phenomenological paradigm in the qualitative research method. The study group was determined by maximum variety sampling method. The study was conducted with 14 women including independent running groups in Ankara. The data were collected through semi-structured interview form using individual interviews. The data analyzed by thematic analysis method. As a result of the analyzes, three main themes were formed in accordance with the theoretical framework. The first theme was “Running as a part of life” the second theme was “Meaning of leisure” and the third theme was “Construction of social environment”. The results revealed, although the participants see the running as a part of their lives, they hesitate to define themselves as long distance runners. They emphasized that the running had a huge impact on the happiness of believing that it was an easy way to set a goal and see what they have accomplished. In terms of their socialization and psychological relief, they considered the groups of participants to be important. As a result, according to the participants opinion, it was seen that the basic psychological needs of the autonomy, competence and relatedness satisfy by long distance running as a serious leisure activity. Therefore, it is important that women are directed to serious leisure activities.

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Cityscapes in Zadie Smith’s NW

Author(s): Andreia-Irina Suciu,Mihaela Culea / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2020

The article focuses on the manner in which the space of the city is employed in Zadie Smith’s NW so as to reveal not only a cosmopolitan map of contemporary London, but also to draw a map of the journey of the contemporary individual in finding himself/herself. Smith adopts in NW an experimental manner of introducing the contemporary individual in a strongly cartographied space both at the level of the city and at the level of the body of the text. Thus, through the space of North West London, the author speaks about family, social class, (inter-racial, marital) relationships, (complying or not with) gender roles (and dealing with the defiance against such roles), mobility (at the level of the cityscapes and at the level of the mindscapes), community and possibilities (and impossibilities) of belonging.

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COMING OUT

Author(s): Lejla Huremović / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Coming out predstavlja doživotni proces istraživanja sopstvene homoseksualne orijentacije, uključujući dijeljenje i razmjenu tog isku - stva sa porodicom, prijateljima, kolegama i kolegicama na poslu, školi, ali i sa širom društvenom zajednicom. Coming out zapravo znači slo - ženi proces prepoznavanja, prihvatanja, izražavanja i dijeljenja svoje seksualne orijentacije sa drugima kao i sa – sobom. To je lični i društveni proces u kojem se osoba kreće od suočavanja preko prihvatanja do saopštavanja svoje seksualne orijentacije.

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Commentary on muscle dysmorphia as an addiction: A response to Grant (2015) and Nieuwoudt (2015)

Author(s): Mark D. Griffiths,Andrew C. Foster,Gillian W. Shorter / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Following the publication of our paper ‘Muscle Dysmorphia: Could it be classified as an addiction to body image?’ in the Journal of Behavioral Addictions, two commentaries by Jon Grant and Johanna Nieuwoudt were published in response to our paper. Method: Using the ‘addiction components model’, our main contention is that muscle dysmorphia (MD) actually comprises a number of different actions and behaviors and that the actual addictive activity is the maintaining of body image via a number of different activities such as bodybuilding, exercise, eating certain foods, taking specific drugs (e.g., anabolic steroids), shopping for certain foods, food supplements, and purchase or use of physical exercise accessories. This paper briefly responds to these two commentaries. Results: While our hypothesized specifics relating to each addiction component sometimes lack empirical support (as noted explicitly by both Nieuwoudt and Grant), we still believe that our main thesis (that almost all the thoughts and behaviors of those with MD revolve around the maintenance of body image) is something that could be empirically tested in future research by those who already work in the area. Conclusions: We hope that the ‘Addiction to Body Image’ model we proposed provides a new framework for carrying out work in both empirical and clinical settings. The idea that MD could potentially be classed as an addiction cannot be negated on theoretical grounds as many people in the addiction field are turning their attention to research in new areas of behavioral addiction.

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