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A Polish adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS)

Author(s): Stanislawa Steuden,Pawel Brudek,Pawel Kajetan Izdebski / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

The article outlines the results of academic endeavors to develop a Polish adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS). The results obtained using the Polish version are comparable to those obtained using the original research instrument, which proves that the Polish 3D-WS can be successfully used for research purposes. The Polish adaptation consists of 39 items covering four dimensions: Cognitive, Affective, Self-Awareness, and Empathic. The scale testing procedure involved a research sample consisting of 475 people. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .83 for the entire scale and oscillated between .64 and .77 for the subscales. Over the course of the study, it turned out that some subscales of the Polish 3D-WS can be influenced by sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and education.

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BADANIA EKSPERYMENTALNE W PSYCHOLOGII I PEDAGOGICE

Author(s): Jerzy Marian Brzezinski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2015

Psychologia i pedagogika są naukami empirycznymi, a to oznacza, że jedyną drogą wprowadzenia do nich nowych twierdzeń i teorii jest konfrontacja z danymi empirycznymi. Powtarzalność badań stanowi istotną cechę poznania naukowego. Metoda eksperymentu jest taką metodą, która pozwala na powtarzalność badania, czyniąc je intersubiektywnie komunikowalnym oraz intersubiektywnie kontrolowalnym i dostarcza wiedzy o najwyższym stopniu pewności. Podręcznik wprowadza Czytelnika – studenta psychologii, pedagogiki i dyscyplin pokrewnych (np. socjologii) – w podstawy eksperymentu zarówno laboratoryjnego, jak i terenowego, opartego na porównaniach dwugrupowych i na porównaniach wielogrupowych (odwołującego się do statystycznego modelu analizy wariancji). Obejmuje on pewne „minimum” metodologiczne, którego opanowanie przez Czytelnika umożliwia poprawne zaplanowanie i przeprowadzenie badań eksperymentalnych. Autor włożył wiele wysiłku, aby te skomplikowane zagadnienia wyłożyć w sposób systematyczny i przystępny dla osób z podstawowym przygotowaniem statystycznym.

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Computational model of C. Elegans core olfactory circuit

Author(s): Marek Dobeš / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

To understand human brains, it is necessary to understand simpler neural processes first. In the article we provide a core computational model of C. Elegans olfactory circuit. Based on biological experiments presented in the literature, we develop a circuit mimicking some of the features of the biological olfactory circuit of C. Elegans.

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Część zamiast całości czyli sposób na cenzorów. "Szkoła podstawowa" Tomasza Zygadły – wzorcowy film kina „nowej zmiany”

Author(s): Mikolaj Jazdon / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 24/2014

Mikołaj Jazdon in his article presents an analysis and interpretation of a documentary that became a “trademark” of the young generation’s cinema from the decade of the Cinema of Moral Anxiety in Poland. Zygadło filmed the social behavior of students in a Warsaw primary school to depict the fatal influence of the communist system on Polish youth, who were encouraged to tattle on each other. The method of portraying a social group from one place, as in Zygadłos Primary School, became popular among other documentary filmmakers from his generation. They began to shoot films about institutions like factories, schools or hospitals, focusing on the social relations between the people working there. These films were intentionally made as metaphors of Poland in the 1970s and of the rules operating in a country ruled by the Communist Party. The auteur strategy of depicting reality in a “pars pro toto” manner allowed documentary filmmakers to outwit the Party censors.

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EMOTIONAL CONTENT EXTRACTION AND COMPETITION FOR ATTENTIONAL RESOURCES IN HUMAN VISUAL CORTEX

Author(s): Matthias M. Müller,Valeria Dmitriyevna Bekhtereva / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2015

In our visual environment, emotional stimuli play an important role. They provide pivotal information about potential danger or threat that trigger defensive actions, or, conversely, prompt approach behaviour when confronted with pleasant and appetitive stimuli. A long lasting debate revolves around the question as to whether emotional stimuli have the potential to attract attention involuntarily, and thus, bias attentional resources in their favour in order to gain preferential stimulus processing. Furthermore, it is not yet known to what extent that competition for processing resources relies on higher-order cognitive processes, such as the extraction of the emotional content of a certain image. In a series of four electrophysiological studies that we review here, we aimed to investigate to what degree attentional resource allocation towards emotional stimuli is linked to the higher-order process of emotional cue extraction. Our results strongly indicated that the speed at which emotional cue extraction can be performed influences the latency of the attentional resource bias in early visual cortex. Moreover, affective images are required to be displayed for sufficient time that allows for emotional content identification, in order to result in neural facilitation for emotional compared to neutral images in early visual areas of the human brain. The present findings open further insights into affective stimulus processing speed and highlight frequency tagging technique that allows extracting the so-called steady-state visual evoked potential as a powerful tool in investigating neural dynamics in visual cortex activity.

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EVALUATION OF THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF SOGS-RA IN THE POLISH VERSION

Author(s): Jolanta Jarczynska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Objective: The objective was to adapt the American pathological gambling screening tool /SOGS-RA The South Oaks Gambling Screen - Revised for Adolescent/ by K. Winters, R. Stinchfield and J. Fulkerson (1993) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Method: The adapted tool was used in research on a randomly selected sample of 2,617 adolescents aged 13-20 years in the 2012/2013 school year. Results: On the SOGS-RA scale, 2.6% of the trial participants achieved a score indicating past year problem gambling before the survey, 4.1% were classified as problem gamblers, whereas 17.3% of adolescents engaged in social gambling that did not pose a problem gambling risk at the time. The SOGS-RA demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78).Conclusions: The Polish adaptation of the SOGS-RA scale is reliable and accurate, which is why it is worth recommending it for use in further research on Polish adolescents.

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Formowanie wrażeń na temat osobowości – proces niezbędny czy szkodliwy? Przegląd badań i implikacje praktyczne

Author(s): Iwona Nowakowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 36/2016

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem niniejszego artykułu jest odniesienie wyników badań naukowych dotyczących formowania wrażeń na temat osobowości i roli efektu halo w tym procesie do klasycznej serii badań Solomona Ascha z 1946 r. dotyczącej tego tematu. W artykule Ascha przedstawiającym te badania uwzględnione są teorie i pojęcia cytowane oraz rozszerzane współcześnie przez psychologów poznania społecznego.PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Opracowanie stanowi krytyczny przegląd raportów z badań naukowych dotyczących zagadnienia formowania wrażeń na temat osobowości. Wyniki analizy tych prac pozwoliły na przedstawienie w niniejszym artykule teorii Solomona Ascha w zaktualizowanym świetle.PROCES WYWODU: W pierwszej części artykułu omówiono wpływ cech centralnych, w szczególności „ciepła” i „chłodu”, odpowiadających za całościową ocenę człowieka. W części drugiej poruszono temat czynników zewnętrznych, na przykład kolejności poznawania cech, wpływu afektywnego i czasu trwania znajomości z ocenianą osobą na uformowane wrażenie. W części trzeciej opisano zjawisko zmian znaczeniowych cech osobowości w zależności od współwystępujących z nimi charakterystyk.WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Przedstawione w pracy eksperymenty potwierdzają obserwacje Ascha oraz wspierają tezę, że ogólne wrażenie o osobie wpływa na percepcję jej poszczególnych cech. Ludzie nie zdają sobie na ogół sprawy z występowania tego zjawiska.WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Wyniki badań omówionych w artykule mają szereg implikacji praktycznych dla osób wykonujących zawody związane z ocenianiem, takich jak nauczyciele, rekruterzy czy jurorzy, a także dla osób poddawanych ocenie. Warto, by osoby te zdawały sobie sprawę ze zniekształceń, jakie niesie z sobą automatyczne formowanie wrażeń na temat osobowości czy kompetencji innych osób, i miały świadomość, że uleganie takiemu mechanizmowi często łączy się z odpowiedzialnością za los ocenianej osoby, np. w kontekście jej kariery szkolnej czy pracy zawodowej.

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Jak rysują osoby, które nigdy nie widziały? Badania niewidomych uczniów

Author(s): Magdalena Szubielska,Ewa Niestorowicz,Boguslaw Marek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2016

The paper investigates the formal characteristics of drawings made by congenitally blind children and teenagers as well as the possibility and level of accuracy in the recognition of these drawings by sighted individuals. The study involved children and students aged seven to fifteen years. The formal features predominant in the drawings analyzed were typical for the failed realism stage. As an additional goal of the study, we investigated the usefulness of the transfograph as an educational resource supporting the introduction of tactile graphics to congenitally blind persons. Drawings made by blind subjects before and after training with a transfograph revealed a similar level of difficulty with their identification. However, following a prompt about the subject of each drawing, those made after the training were described by judges as more easily identifiable. In addition, the drawings made after training showed fewer features of failed realism.

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OPTIMAL VIEWING POSITION OF PARTIALLY CONNECTED AND UNCONNECTED WORDS IN ARABIC

Author(s): Deia Ganayim / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

In order to assess the unique reading processes in Arabic, given its unique orthographic nature of natural inherent variations of inter-letter spacing, the current study examined the extent and influence of connectedness disparity during single word recognition using the optimal viewing position (OVP) paradigm. The initial word viewing position was systematically manipulated by shifting words horizontally relative to an imposed initial viewing position. However, unlike previous research, partially connected/unconnected three-, four- and five-letter Arabic words were displayed in the left and right visual hemifields at all possible locations of letter fixation. It was found that OVP effects occurred during the processing of isolated Arabic words. No OVP was found in three-letter words; for four- and five-letter words, the OVP effect appeared as a U-shaped curve with a minimum towards the second and third letters. Thus, the OVP effects generalize across structurally different alphabetic scripts. Furthermore, a perceptual superiority was found for words with right-positioned unconnected sub-units as compared to left positioned unconnected sub-units because of the differential sensitivity of the hemispheres to the gestalt form of letters. Such findings support the established view that the LH specializes in word recognition for alphabetic languages.

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Polska adaptacja Kwestionariusza kodów moralnych (MFQ-PL)

Author(s): Tomasz Jarmakowski,Lilianna Jarmakowska-Kostrzanowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 39/2016

This study presents results of the Polish adaptation and validation procedure of Moral Foundation Questionnaire – a tool for measuring five moral foundations postulated by Moral Foundations Theory by J. Haidt and collaborators (Graham et al., 2011, 2013; Haidt, 2014) – Care/Harm, Fairness/cheating, Loyalty/betrayal, Authority/subversion, and Sanctity/degradation. Psychometric properties of MFQ-PL were evaluated in two samples (N1 = 570, N2= 326) and in aggregated sample, N = 896. Confirmatory analysis (CFA) provided support for five factor model proposed by the theory. This result and high level of temporal stability measure suggest high reliability of MFQ-PL. Our research alongside with other cited studies that employ MFQ-PL confirms high validity of the adapted questionnaire. Also, the research supports the universality of the structure of moral foundations across cultures. The findings proves that MFQ-PL is a reliable and valid tool for measuring scores on five moral foundations.

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Polska adaptacja trzywymiarowej skali mądrości (3D-WS) M. Ardelt

Author(s): Stanislawa Steuden,Pawel Brudek,Pawel Kajetan Izdebski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2016

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Poziom rozwoju somatycznego i sprawność fizyczna młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną

Author(s): Danuta Lasak,Pawel Zychowicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

Aim. The purpose of this study was to present the level of somatic development and physical fitness of a group of adolescents with mild and moderate intellectual disability which has been examined. The outcomes of the research were compared to the outcomes of people without intellectual disability. Methods. 67 pupils with intellectual disability at the age between 11–16 in this research took part. 37 pupils were of a mild intellectual disability and 30 of a moderate intellectual disability. During the study an anthropometric measurements were taken and the level of motor skills were evaluated with 3 physical fitness tests (Standing Broad Jump, Sit- Ups in 30 seconds, Sit- and- Reach). Results. The results were confirmed the assumptions. The analysis of the results showed, that study participants characterized by low level of motor skills. It shown that the level of motor skills were different between disable and not disable adolescents. The results showed the retardment in somatic development of the people with intellectual disability comparing to the condition of healthy youth. The disability brings about lower heights level and higher level of BMI. Conclusion. The results pointed to the need to design as well as training programs to enhance the level of motor abilities of people with intellectual disabilities and conduct long- term research.

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Praktyki ukrywania. O pułapkach, pokusach i pożytkach z badań niejawnych

Author(s): Beata Bielska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2016

The goal of the text is to present the critical ethical reflexion on understanding and using covert research. I consider dilemmas that a researcher must face in the field. I also try to analyze how they may be solved. I propose using another and more accurate notion – covering techniques. I also suggest an approach assuming that secrecy is an immanent part of a research process. Those issues are discussed on the basis of the author’s study about selling and buying MA and bachelor theses. It is supplemented by the examples from other research projects the author had taken part in. I refer not only to my personal experience but also to different rules of codes of ethics. I propose the way of acting that could balance between cognitive benefits and subjects’ welfare.

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PRÍPAD SVÄTÁ HELENA A OCHRANA MALOLETÝCH V MÉDIÁCH

Author(s): Miloš Mistrík / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 01/2016

Television and radio programs can endanger the healthy development of minor percipients. Therefore, several tools have been developed to prevent this. They are legislative, psychological and educative tools. However, according to an original research, the claim about the protection of minors is not quite true. On the island of Saint Helena in the south of the Atlantic television was not introduced until the 1990s. Prior to and after the introduction, an English research team did an in-depth research into the behaviour of minors on the island. This showed that watching television had not had a negative impact on them. However, this research is in contrast with the finding that there is an unacceptable practice of sexual harassment and abuse of young girls and women on the island. This study compares these two facts and raises a question whether youth-threatening television programs can endanger youth who already display an unsuitable or criminal behaviour, or whether the introduction of television cannot have an opposite effect and positively influence youth by bringing in advanced civilization values and models.

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Psihologie, Revistă ştiinţifico-practică

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Moldova, Republic of

PSYCHOLOGY, the scientific – practical Journal has the aim to disseminate the results of advanced and authentic research, fundamental and valuable investigations of scholars and researchers National Institute Bibliometric hers from the country and abroad, in different branches of psychology. The journal publishes articles which are highlighting the most relevant topics in all areas of psychology as: Educational Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Work Psychology, Social Psychology, Psychological Counseling and Psychotherapy etc.

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Psychologiczne znaczenie pieniędzy a makiawelizm

Author(s): Agata Gasiorowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 39/2016

The aim of this paper was to verify the relation between psychological meaning of money and Machiavellianism. According to recent research, money bolsters self-focus and focus on own goals, motivates to keep resources that are inevitable to reach those goals, and changes the perception of social world from community mode to market-pricing mode, and these phenomena are in turn related to Machiavellianism. However, previous studies in this area examined only the correlations between money attitudes and Machiavellianism. These results have been replicated in the first study presented in this paper: Machiavellianism was related to the belief in the symbolic nature of money, but not to the instrumental focus on money management. Second study showed that the money primes results in higher scores on the MACH-IV scale when compared to control condition, and this effect is stronger among participants who attribute emotional connotations to money.

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Psychometric evaluation of the Authenticity Scale on the sample of students in Serbia

Author(s): Ðurda Grijak / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

The aim of this study, conducted at two time points, was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Serbian translation of the Authenticity Scale on the sample of students. The paper presents the results of testing the validity construct of the Authenticity Scale by confirmatory factor analysis at two time points, on the initial sample of 706 students and on the test-retest sample of 206 students within a 10-week interval. The model in which there are three separate, mutually related dimensions with the superordinate factor of authenticity best describes the scale structure. The test-retest sample was used to test the convergent validity of the Authenticity Scale by evaluating its relation to the measures of both positive and negative affect, self-esteem, psychological distress and psychological well-being and mental health index. The results showed that the Serbian translation of the Authenticity Scale represents a reliable and valid measure of authenticity.

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RESILIENCE OF CHILDREN BEHIND BARS

Author(s): Ana Muntean,Stefan Cojocaru / Language(s): English / Issue: 52/2016

This study focuses on the resilience of delinquent children, youth and children who are serving a sentence of imprisonment in an educational center. In Romania, according to official statistics in June 2014, there are a number of 218 children of both sexes, aged between 14-18 years, in this situation. By 2009, when the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) draws attention to the Romanian state on the rights of children deprived of liberty, these children were silenced, and the child protection system in Romania did not assume responsibilities on them. According to longitudinal internal statistics, approximately 75-80% of the children and youth serving a custodial sentence are found, years later, in adult prisons. These statistics are consistent with the percentage of resilience found internationally on populations of vulnerable children. Since the first research on resilience, in the 70s, it was noted a rate of 20-25% of resilient children, despite the vicissitudes that they faced during childhood, were able to overcome them. The percentage of natural resilience of children was later confirmed in other research aimed to highlight the resilience, and in recent years this proportion of resilience was confirmed on children adopted in England from institutions in Romania.

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SATYSFAKCJA Z PRACY I JEJ WPŁYW NA LOJALNOŚĆ WOBEC PRACODAWCY. STUDIUM SEKTORA HORECA

Author(s): Marlena Bednarska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Growing recognition of the significance of the customer-employee interaction in the service delivery has led to the need to increase efforts to attract qualified personnel and to foster quality of work life to make staff committed to strategic goals of the organisation. Therefore, measuring and enhancing job satisfaction is a critical function of contemporary management. The purpose of the paper is to examine the mediating role of employee satisfaction in the relationship between job content and context and loyalty towards employer in the service sector. The study conducted among hospitality industry employees revealed that effects of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards in the workplace on turnover intentions and employment referrals were mediated by job satisfaction. Moreover, the relationship between employee satisfaction and turnover intentions was moderated by self-perceived employability.

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