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Психология на нравствеността в толстоистките възгледи на Димитър Кацаров

Author(s): Mariyana Nyagolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

The article is devoted to the scientific creative work of eminent Bulgarian pedagogues and psychologist – corresponding member of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Dimitre Katzaroff, PhD. This investigation is focused on his relation with tolstoism and the application of its tolsoist views in the preparation of its scientific publications. The basic lines of the pedagogic ideas of Tolstoi, represented in the review “The free education”, are viewed, as well as its evaluation for the practice of education, made from Professor Peter Noikov, in 1910. The article discussed the directions for application of the moral principles of tolstoism in the pedagogical works of Dimitre Katzaroff. The view of Katzaroff on the psychology of morality, based on the ideas of Lev Tolstoi is discussed too.

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Представи за Аз-а в психодинамичните и трансперсонални теории за личността: сходства и различия

Author(s): Krasimira Yonkova,Steliyan Slavov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Since the birth of psychological science, the Self has been and remains a central phenomenon in the psychic sphere, becoming a fundamental element in the construction of the personality. Over time, many points of view of his understanding are found in the field of the various fundamental psychological theories. This article will examine some of the concepts of the Self in the context of the psychodynamic and transpersonal approaches to the study of the personality, looking for the similarities and differences between these two great approaches in psychological knowledge.

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Психология на личната сигурност

Author(s): Deyan Hadzhiyski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

This article refers to some psychological aspects of personal security as a subjective experience. It supports the idea that psychologically, personal security is a subjective state that is little influenced by reality. In this sense, it is a phenomenological construct and depends on innate qualities and experience-acquired dispositions. Experiencing personal security is a complex result of emotional and cognitive processing. In many cases, experiencing personal security is determined by the agent role of the Еgo. Some psychopathological disorders can also lead to a sense of danger.

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Чувствителност към отхвърляне в зряла възраст и взаимовръзката му с възприето родителско приемане-отхвърляне в детството

Author(s): Nadia Koltcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationships between perceived maternal and paternal acceptance–rejection in childhood on the one hand, and rejection sensitivity in adulthood on the other hand. The sample consisted of 300 adults: 59 males (19.7%) and 241 females (80.3%) aged 18–49 (M = 34.33; SD = 10.475). The means used for collecting the data included a Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire/Control, Adult, Mother and Father Version, and the Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity Scale. The results showed that adults’ remembrance regarding perceived maternal and paternal acceptance-rejection during childhood had a significant correlation with their current level of rejection sensitivity. We examined two age groups (early and middle adulthood), and there were significant age differences. The relationship between perceived parental rejection and rejection sensitivity was stronger in younger participants than in older ones. These results were interpreted within the framework of IPARTheory.

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Şizofreni Tanısı Olan Annelerin Bebekleri ile İlişkisi

Author(s): Ayşin Çetinkaya Büyükbodur,Hakan Sakarya,Ayşegül Kılıçlı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

Schizophrenia is an important mental health problem that causes various obstacles in women’s parental roles and responsibilities and causes problems in mother-infant interaction. Mothers with a diagnosis of schizophrenia may have noncompliance with treatment after birth, and professionals involved in the child protection system may make protection decisions about babies due to the risks it poses. However, these risks can be minimized by providing professional psychosocial support services for mothers with schizophrenia, such as compliance with postnatal treatment and establishing a healthy mother-infant relationship. In this context, this study aimed to address the problems and interventions that may arise in the interaction of mothers and their babies.

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The P4C approach as a promoter of dialogical creative thinking based on the teachers' perception

Author(s): Zoabi Mahmoud,Florin Lobont / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

The philosophy for children (P4C) approach is an educational movement that has developed over the years to become a substantial movement with great influence in the educational fields and in many educational systems in the world and is a pedagogical basis in these systems for both students and adults. A central goal of this movement is the advancement of the students' thinking, centered on the creative, critical, cooperative, and caring types of thinking in order to prepare them to be successful citizens in the future community life in the rapidly developing world. At the same time, the importance of creative thinking increased quickly over the years, and soon occupied an essential place in various areas of life. Within all varieties of philosophy for, or with children, the vehicle to their specific forms of thinking is the community of dialogical inquiry, a tight-knit group of like minded co-philosophers bound together by philosophical friendship whose essence is represented by the communitarian element. Because of the great and increasing importance of creative thinking in the educational field, a comprehensive study was carried out that examined the perception of science and technology teachers in the Arab elementary schools in Israel of seven of the central dimensions of creative thinking, with the teachers' perception of the factors that foster creative thinking at the center. Hence, examining the teachers' perception will form the basis for planning and carrying out any move required to advance the various educational goals. 313 teachers participated in the study who answered a questionnaire that was prepared and validated by content experts, went through a pilot, and was found to be very reliable so that it constitutes a solid research base on which to base findings and conclusions. A key conclusion arising from the part of the questionnaire with the 12 statements that examined the teachers' perception of the factors that foster creative thinking is that significant and many changes are required in the education systems, educational policies, curricula, methods, tools, and the teaching, learning and assessment environments to promote creative thinking. This article briefly describes the research process carried out for the purpose of examining the teachers' perception of the factors that foster students' creative thinking, presents the main findings and conclusions, and mainly discusses in detail how the Philosophy for Children (P4C) approach can be a significant way that enables the promotion of students' creative thinking based on the research findings and conclusions of examining the teachers' perception of the factors that foster students' creative thinking.

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Akt lektury a ekonomia albo credo polonisty

Author(s): DARIUSZ ŻÓŁTOWSKI / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

In his article, Dariusz Żółtowski discusses the situation of the school in the contemporary world. He looks closely at reading in the context of the developing economization of reality. He suggests linking the conclusions provided by anthropology of culture and philosophy in the traditional school.

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Въздействие на различни типове сетивност върху музикалното възприятие

Author(s): Dimitar Damyanov D. / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Imagery and emotionality – the foundations of artistic musical perception, have been in the focus of various research studies for decades now – empirical and theoretical, musical and psychological, neurophysiological, analytical, pedagogical and methodological, music-therapeutic. Perception and, in direct connection with it, apperception, are involved in the formation of imagery, they saturate it with semantic emotional substance and enrich the musical and artistic worldview. Under certain conditions, through the receipt of a purposefully selected information flow in the form of sensory influences, the musical perception could be influenced, while at the same time developing the continuously functioning process of musical thinking.

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Възгледи за музикалното време от ХХ век и приложни идеи за слухов анализ на метроритъма

Author(s): Angelina Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The main problematic of the metrorhythm, in its expanded interpretation of the twentieth century, provoke the creation of new forms of dictation and auditory analysis. Interpreting the relativity of the rhythm/meter ratio of the last century, this article considers the forms of practical work such as the development of specialized methods for the auditory analysis and dictation, including examples from works of the french composer Olivier Messiaen, Bulgarian irregular meter examples from works of the composers Lyubomir Pipkov and Stefan Dragostinov and as a special section of the auditory analysis – both serial and sonorous examples. The music of the second half of the twentieth century (serialism, some sonorous and/or aleatory examples) – is also one of the subjects of the studies in auditory analysis found inthe systems of Ulrich Kaiser and Violaine de Larminat.

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Удвоени форми на периода. Творчески решения и теоретични проблеми. Опит за съвременно осмисляне

Author(s): Snezhina Vrangova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The doubled forms of the period are considered through the prism of exposition, which they express and also in the perspective of the possibility within them to achieve a smooth transition from one to another formal function of the musical form. The many ways in which this can happen are considered historically, genre-wise and terminologically. The starting point of the discourse is the classical understanding of the period, as a basic expositional unit of musical form and functional unity of two subordinate parts, on the one hand, and the options for expanding the exposition space through repetition, varied repetition and repetition with harmonious development and syntactic dynamics, on the other. A panorama of the terminological approaches, applied to the semantic field of the doubled forms of the period, is proposed.

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THE MENTAL REPRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF VIOLENCE

Author(s): Shogher Harutyunyan / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2022

With the introduction of cognitive science to all the spheres of human activity, new approaches and methods for knowledge acquisition, storage in memory, and classification have been offered by cognitive scientists. Cognitive science focuses literally on the human mind and all the undergoing procedures inside it. Due to the cognitive approach, a human with all his properties was put at the center of various scientific disciplines. Such disciplines as philosophy, psychology, biology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and robotics came together to discover the most complex and mystic phenomenon called the human mind. Modeling the knowledge representation in the mind is an essential part of understanding how it works. Before the introduction of cognitive science, the ideas of representation were very abstract and theoretical. Cognitive science came to offer various practical models for knowledge representation and mental processes. Since cognitive scientists compare the human brain with a computer, different computations such as data structuring and algorithms are used to describe the processing of information in the human mind. One of them is connectionism which describes knowledge representation with the help of different connections between units that stand for concepts, objects, properties, etc. Connectionism developed to prove once more that the human mind has that exceptional ability to think relationally and make connections or associations between different concepts. In our research, we have tried to model the concept of “violence” according to the connectionist view of computation. The concept of violence has been chosen because of its complex character and the need for a thorough examination. The results of our research can help to finally model the concept of violence as it is represented in certain authors’ minds and finds its reflection in their writings. Finding out a plausible model for concept representation will help improve learning and comprehension skills for people, and will contribute to expanding the comprehension, acquisition, memorization, and usage of the concept. It can also give a lot of food for thought to Artificial Intelligence.

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„Piszę w powietrzu, bo chcę szybko wrócić, zrobić, żeby nie było”. „Zdrój” Barbary Klickiej jako powieść o traumie

Author(s): Mateusz Kaliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This article aims to provide an interpretation of Barbara Klicka’s novel Zdrój [Spring]. It is analysed through Sigmund Freud’s concept of trauma and Anna Freud’s The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of childhood trauma on the adult subject’s psychic structure and to explore lingual strategies used to sustain her defence against structural violence.

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Today’s Approach to the Problem of Forming Communicative Competence of the Individual

Author(s): Volodymyr Tovstohan,Nataliya Dragan-Ivanets,Oksana KHURTENKO,Tetiana Shvets,Nina Tverezovska,Anzhelika Popovych / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical and methodological foundations of the study with the problem of forming a communicative competence of the individual. Here we are considering a psychological content of the concept of “communicative competence”, its structural components and functions, as well as a today’s approach to the formation of communication competence of the individual. It is emphasized an important influence of integrative learning and interactive methods for the formation of communicative competence. It is noted the interdependence of communicative culture and communicative competence. Also it is noted a mutual understanding between the interlocutors as the foundation of business or interpersonal communication and the psychological condition of activation the communicative competence in any communicative interaction. The significance of the study the mechanisms of activating communicative competence to optimize conflict practices and professional training of specialists are proved. The psychological and pedagogical recommendations for the formation of communicative competence of the individual are developed. It is noted that current means of forming communicative competence must be focused on all structural components of the individual, since their interconnection with communicative experience is a personal-communicative formation as a psychological instrument for achieving social requests respectively.

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Mentoring and Coaching in the Training of Teachers for the New Ukrainian School

Author(s): Tetiana Hurkova,Anna Lozenko,Olha Hroshovenko,Alla Tsapko,Yuliia Yevgenivna Zubtsova,Nataliіa Onyshchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 4 Sup.1/2022

The relevance of the chosen topic of the article is determined by the fact that at the time of development of postmodern society there is a growing awareness of the need for innovation in the educational process, the use of mentoring and coaching in training teachers for the New Ukrainian School and in building teacher-student relationships. The purpose of the article is to study and substantiate the importance of mentoring and coaching in the training of teachers for the New Ukrainian School, identification of common features and differences in the concept of coaching and mentoring. The article analyzes connection of three didactic theories with the phases of mentoring and coaching in the training of teachers for the New Ukrainian School, presents collegial models of counseling in the New Ukrainian School, defines common and different features in the concepts of coaching and mentoring. In the field of work with young professionals, with students within the New Ukrainian School, the terms mentoring, coaching and tutoring are used as forms of counseling. In a broad sense, mentors can coach, but it is very difficult for a coach to become a mentor. On the other hand, mentors and coaches can become tutors, but tutors are unlikely to become coaches or mentors. In order to guide and advise young professionals, students in a contemporary educational institution, the criteria of tutoring, coaching will be considered, characteristics of behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism will be defined and the characteristics of building relationships in the perspective of these didactic theories will be presented.

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Exercise Influence on Self-Concept, Self-Esteem and Academic Performance in Middle-School Children

Author(s): Marco Batista,Luis Ramos,Jorge Santos,João Serrano,João Petrica,Samuel Honório / Language(s): English Issue: 4 Sup.1/2022

Studies have highlighted the benefits of regular practice of exercise and a positive contribution in the development of cognitive function. Psychological benefits of exercise have been noticed in the academic performance increasing, the self-trust, the emotional stability, the memory and positive body image and well-being. This study had as main objective to analyse the impact of physical exercise in academic performance of middle-school students of a Portuguese public school. The number of participants consisted of a total of 107 students. Of these 107 students, 55 (51.4%) were males and 52 (48.6%) were female, aged between 10 and 12 years and mean ages =11.19 ± 0.81. A total of 41 children (38.3%) from the fifth grade and 66 children (61.7%) from the sixth grade were randomly selected. For data collection instrument, the scale of Self-concept of Susan Harter validated for the Portuguese population was used, where it was proceeded to a descriptive and inferential statistics data analysis to confront the mean levels of self-concept, in the fields of competence, social competence, athletic competence, physical appearance, behaviour conduct and global self-esteem. Results suggest that the practice of physical exercise for students increases the levels of self-concept, self-esteem and school performance of the students.

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POSTOJI LI ALTERNATIVA IZAZOVNOM PONAŠANJU DJECE I OMLADINE U AUTISTIČNOM SPEKTRU?

Author(s): Melika Ahmetović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3/2021

Challenging behavior is often regarded as certain specific, mostly disturbing behaviors. These might be fighting, biting, spitting, screaming and any other kind of behavior that feels offensive to or challenge the people dealing with persons on autism spectrum. Challenging behavior is, not just in regard to autism spectrum in the focus of research and there are many books on the market about how to change these behaviors, often using cognitive behavioral methods. That is not the aim of this article. The aim of this article is to contribute to understanding challenging behavior in a person on autism spectrum, as well as to understanding of the persons showing the challenging behavior. The understanding of challenging behavior and the purpose of such behaviors is a prerequisite for preventing and managing those behavior. Each and every behavior has a purpose – therefore is of the utmost importance to understand the purpose of behavior, the person is showing in a certain situation. For the person showing the challenging behavior, is that behavior subjectively purposeful and therefore correct, even if the people dealing with persons on autism spectrum perceive the same behavior as inappropriate, dangerous of intimidating. Bo Hejlskov Elven (2015:17) defines the challenging behavior as “behavior that causes problems for people around the person on autism spectrum”. Persons showing challenging behaviors are mostly expected to change and adapt – in order to get rid of challenging behavior. This is certainly a very difficult task for most of the persons on the autism spectrum. Person showing a certain (challenging) behavior, must not have a reason to change the behavior (behavior has a good purpose from the subjective point of view) or the person doesn´t have the competencies necessary to change and adapt the behavior, perceived as challenging. In both cases it is OUR task and responsibility to change (something) in order to provide the setting suitable for changing or preventing the challenging behavior.

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IZRAŽENOST KOGNITIVNIH STILOVA UVJETOVANIH KOCKANJEM KOD SREDNJOŠKOLACA NA PODRUČJU GRADA ŽIVINICE

Author(s): Adela Jahić,Meliha Bijedić,Lejla Kuralić-Čišić,Almedina Hrnjić,Emina Suljkanović-Djedović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3/2021

The aim of this study was to determine whether high school students in the town of Živinice differ in the expression of cognitive styles conditioned by gambling with regard to gender, age and type of school. The research was conducted on a sample of 340 students of both sexes (170 boys and 170 girls) in high schools in the city of Živinice. Students from grades 1-4 are represented, and the age of the respondents ranges from 16 to 18 years. For the purposes of the research, two measuring instruments were used: Zambard’s time perspective questionnaire eng. Zimbardo TimePerspective Inventory (ZTPI), (Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999), International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) (Goldberg, 1999). Data were collected through self-reports. The results of the research show that the average age of male respondents who did not play any of the games of chance is 16.74 years, while those who played any of the games of chance are on average 17.01 years old. Out of a total of 112 students who stated that they played one of the games of chance, 85 or 68.00% of them are students of a four-year vocational school, while 27 or 60.00% are high school students. . A statistically significant difference in extraversion, one of the five-factor dimensions of personality (P<0.05), was obtained between female students prone and those who are not prone to gambling.

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Implicit Theory of Intelligence: Growth Mindset

Author(s): Mehmet Ali Padir,Mehmet Sıddık VANGÖLÜ / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

There has been a long-standing debate among scientists as to whether intelligence is something innate, tangible, fixed, and relatively unchanging, or whether intelligence is not fixed and unchanging, but rather something that can be developed, dynamic, shaped, and strengthened with effort. Carol Dweck and her colleagues, who have focused their studies in this field, have developed the implicit theory of intelligence, which deals with this topic. According to the implicit theory of intelligence, which is based on people's beliefs about the nature of their intelligence, these beliefs are the perspectives on whether the intellectual abilities of individuals are fixed or whether they can be developed or not. Implicit theory of intelligence; expresses people's beliefs related to their intelligence as a structure consisting of two parts: the growth mindset and the fixed mindset. The implicit theory of intelligence see intelligence as ranging from either being stable, fixed, unchangeable, and innate (fixed mindset) or being improvable, dynamic, malleable, and could be changed by effort or hard work (growth mindset). This theory has been renamed as growth mindset in the recent period. Shortly, growth mindset interventions express that human abilities are not fixed and these abilities can be developed. However, as a result of a detailed search in the national literature, it has been determined that there is no study of growth mindset. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to introduce growth mindset, whose effectiveness has been tested by many studies and evidence-based, especially to young researchers working in the academic field and field workers in Türkiye.

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Comparison of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Avoidant Personality Disorder

Author(s): Esra Amet,Tuğba Hüseyin Muhtar,Fatma Nur Özçelik / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The primary aim of this study is to compile studies on cognitive behavioral therapy method in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder and present their data. Another aim is to discuss with the reasons, cognitive behavior group therapies may be more effective on this disorder than cognitive behavioral individual therapies, since the main problem in avoidant personality disorder stems from interpersonal communication and because the cognitive behavioral therapies applied as a group were found to be quite effective when the avoidant personality disorder was first defined. The aim of this study is to present recommendations together and to compile studies in which cognitive behavioral group therapies were applied on avoidant personality disorder. In this study, studies in domestic and foreign sources, which were conducted with a sample group with avoidant personality disorder and social anxiety disorder, were examined and the study was prepared by reviewing the literature, which is one of the secondary data collection techniques. Since there are not many studies on avoidant personality disorder in the literature, considering the high similarity and comorbidity of avoidant personality disorder with social anxiety disorder, studies on cognitive behavioral group therapies related to social anxiety disorder have also been compiled. As a result of the studies examined, it has been found that the symptoms of avoidant personality disorder are related to the distorted cognition of individuals and cognitive behavioral therapies are a very effective approach because they increase the awareness of the automatic thoughts in the minds of the clients, question their correctness and provide alternative thoughts to replace them.

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Investigation of Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents Followed under Health Precaution

Author(s): Duygu Karagöz / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents who were followed in the child psychiatry clinic in the scope of the health precaution, which is one of the protective and supportive measures of the Child Protection Law. 112 children and adolescents who were followed up at the child psychiatry clinic between 01.01.2020 and 01.01.2022 in the scope of health precaution, participated in this study. The clinic files and social examination reports of the participants were examined retrospectively. It was determined that the most common reasons for taking a health precaution decision are sexual abuse, deficiencies of basic needs/neglect and behavioral problems. Moreover, it showed that the rate of taking health precaution due to sexual abuse was higher in girls however the rate of that due to delinquency was more common in boys. It was determined that 72.3% of the children, who were followed up in the scope of health precaution, were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, and the most common psychiatric disorders were attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder, specific learning disability and intellectual disability, respectively. In the group with psychiatric disorders, it was determined that the deficiencies of basic needs/neglect as a reason for taking health precaution, was significantly common and that the mothers of the children and adolescents in the group with psychiatric disorders had a higher rate of diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Given the fact that abuse and neglect come first among the reasons for the implementation of health precaution; it is vital to develop early intervention programs to protect children from neglect and abuse. Since the effects of neglect and abuse on children can be devastating and long lasting and as it is known that they are risk factors for many psychiatric disorders, regular follow-up and treatment of these children in the scope of health precaution is important.

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