Interconnections between Aggressiveness, Hostility, Wrathfulness and the Mental Performance of Drivers

Author(s): L'ubica Zibrínová,Zuzana Birknerová / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2015

The traffic behaviour of drivers is determined by a mutual interaction of personal and situational variables. This interaction may be optimal, in the sense of interaction relationships, which result from the optimisation of the relationship between the subjective preconditions to solve the arising situations and the potential development of the current situations. Diversion from an optimal relationship may lead to the growth of inappropriate traffic behaviour, which can result in a road accident. This research is aimed at the search for interconnections among aggressiveness, hostility, wrathfulness, and mental performance of 137 drivers with Class C and D driving licences (truck and bus drivers). The research was carried out by means of a questionnaire for measuring aggressiveness and hostility in road traffic which monitors four scales of irritability, offensiveness, hostile attribution bias, and inhibition of aggressiveness. Another questionnaire consisting of six anger-provoking factors was used to scan provocation of anger in road traffic by other drivers and road users. To determine the intelligence of drivers, a battery for detecting comprehension, thinking in the sphere of illustrative relationships, practical intelligence, spatial intelligence, and flexibility of thinking was used as part of the research as well.

Psycho-Clinical Aspects of Unemployed People

Author(s): Andreea Teodora Tudor / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The present research had the purpose to determine the existence of any psycho-clinical aspects regarding unemployed people. The sample of subjects consisted of 32 long-term unemployed, women and men, aged between 19 and 60 years. The research method consisted of two questionnaires and statistical analysis. The instruments used were the Zuckerman – Kuhlman 5 Factors Personality Questionnaire and The Strategic Coping Approach Scale. The results from the research showed that unemployed people have low levels compared to the average population in impulsive search of sensations, which indicates a preference to organizing, planning and the lack of contingency, and low levels of activity compared to the average population, which shows a tendency of stagnation, inactivity and reluctance to change. Also, the female unemployed population show similar levels with the mean of the population in terms of sensation seeking and impulsive activity. Instead, they use the behavioral coping strategy for social networking, more than the average population, showing a tendency to group affiliation when stressful events, such as and the loss of employment, happen. In conclusion, the research showed that there are differences between the mean of people and people without jobs, leaving room for future research, which can be more comprehensive.

ЕМОЦИОНАЛНА КЛИМА У БРАКОВИМА У СРБИЈИ – РАЗВОЈНА ПЕРСПЕКТИВА

Author(s): Ivan Mihić,Jovana Jestrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2016

The aim of this study was to describe the emotional climate of marriages in Serbia and to describe the changes in the estimated quality of the emotional climate depending on the developmental phase of the family life cycle. In addition, the study examines gender differences in the perceived positive and negative social and emotional exchange in marital interaction and also differences between the spouses who have and those who don’t have children. The study included 456 couples from Serbia, aged 19 to 85 years (ASm = 43.75; ASw = 41, 08). From the total sample of 456 couples, 119 couples do not have children, while others are relatively equally distributed across the developmental stages of the family cycle. To assess the emotional climate of marriage we used Inventory of Affection, Negativity and Sex in Relationships (Huston, Kamenov and Jelić, 2010). The results indicate significant differences in the perceived positive emotional exchange between the partners depending on the developmental phase, in the direction of decline, for both males (F = 2.786, p <.05), and females (F = 5.486, p <.001). On the other hand, the estimated differences in the negative exchange were not significant. We described a trend moving toward a climate saturated with negative exchange, either in the form of hostile relations or a neutral relationship dominated by emotional distance. Women tend to score higher on the perceived positive excange (t = -2131, p <.05), but no gender differences were observed in the perceived negative exchanges. The differences between the couples who have and those who don’t have children weren’t significant, for both positive and negative social and emotional exchanges.

Утицај стреса на агресивно понашање особа са аутизмом и интелектуалном ометеношћу и поступци реаговања

Author(s): Daniela Tomaš / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2016

Behavior problems of people with autism as well as intellectual disability are often shown as the consequence of the frustrations caused by the outer factors and feelings of emotional emptiness which appear as the consequence of reduced social interactions and support or because of a subjective feeling of dissatisfaction with one’s personal life. The number of researches have tried to show the effects of changing the environmeent to the behaviour of the intellectually disabled people, and some results show that it is important to realise that the problems in behaviour are connected to the surrounding conditions, life quality and quantity of the stress present. The housing conditions are of great importance for the quality of life and psychosocial condition of people with autism and intelectual disability. With the aim of giving a quality support to the adult people with autism and intelectual disability it is very important to understand their behaviour and its negative manifestations like aggression and other issues in behaviour better and to deal firstly with their cause, in order to prevent that behaviour, and not focus only on the behaviour as the consequence of the effect of the negative factors. In addition, it is very important that, in situations when such behavioral problems manifest themselves, we apply the appropriate procedures for their removal.

Temperamentalne uwarunkowania osiągania celów sportowych

Author(s): Blanka Magier,Piotr Magier / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

This is a theoretical and empirical study. It is dedicated to sport psychology. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of temperament traits on achieving goals in sport. In the first part we present information about the examined phenomena, examples of the theory and selected tasks of sport psychology. Temperament has been shown in the context of J. Strelau’s Regulatory Theory of Temperament. Research on goals has been applied with reference to the division proposed by Z. Zaleski. Our own research has been carried out on the basis of the theory of temperament and goals. The following tools were used in the study: Formal Characteristics of Behavior questionnaire − Temperament Inventory (FCZ-KT) and Achieving Goals Survey (KCEL). In the second part we present the data and we analyze the results of the study. As a result we have identified the relationship between temperamental traits in athletes and their orientation toward goals. The results in question showed differences in temperament among people who are involved in sports and those who are not, in connection to achieving goals. The results of our research are presented in this study

Особенности координации движений при выполнении удара по мячу у футболистов с заболеваниями опорно-двигательного аппарата

Author(s): Miсhail Sergeevich Nagornov,Ksenya Valentinovna Davletyarova,Leonid Vladimirovich Kapilevich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The aim of the study was to examine the features of coordination in making a stroke the inside of the foot on the ball and the players with these types of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, as scoliosis degree III and III level flat. The results allow to draw conclusions and to identify the main differences when hitting the inside of the foot in football with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Serious differences observed in the study of movement. Undoubtedly, the distinguished travel when struck in the ankle joint. This applies to the majority of the impact phase. Dynamics of changes in the values in the upper part of the body is not as pronounced in the lower limbs, but remains visible in spite of this difference. One more characteristic and im-portant indicator of differences between the two groups are moving the head horizontally. The values of the core group of the head movement is significantly lower for the kick. More striking differences we can see by observing the speed. When making a stroke in healthy players the change of speed is gradual. Speed values in turn the players with disorders of the musculoskele-tal system, this indicator varies dramatically. The formation of such "pathological" dynamic stereotype in athletes with locomotor im-pairment is a result of difficulties with balance and coordination of movements. The training process of this group of players need to pay more attention to the development of balance and coordination, as well as control of vestibular sensitivity.

Ресоциализация несовершеннолетних правонарушителей в Германии: парадигма справедливости и воспитания

Author(s): Philipp Walkenhorst,Anna Aleksandrovna Grebenkina,Evgeny Vladimirovich Grebenkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The article analyzes the peculiarities and conditions of re-socialization of juvenile offenders in Germany. On the basis of the synthesis of the key components of the justice system the au-thors consider its basic framework, as well as moral ethical foundations. The authors compare custodial and non-custodial measures of punishment, arguing the idea that correction of juve-nile offenders using non-custodial measures is more effective than imprisonment. Particular at-tention is paid to describing the activities of socio-pedagogical institutions within the Ministry of Justice of Germany jurisdiction. The nature of interaction between judges, educators and juve-nile delinquents are identified. The authors outline the following stages of non-custodial correc-tion of juvenile offenders: adaptation – therapy – resocialization. The confrontation method called "hot seat" is described, which is considered to be one of the mechanisms for regulating emotions and overcoming the affective-behavioral systems in juvenile offenders. It is proposed that the prison isolation of juveniles from society on the one hand, shows the inevitability of retribution and justice, on the other hand, does not fully guarantee the reduction of recidivism. The educational paradigm and such principles, determining the justice system, as the principle of subsidiarity, the principle of proportionality, the principle of a sanction and the principle of substitution, are considered to be indicators of social progress and civic consciousness.

Личностные особенности больных алкоголизмом второй стадии

Author(s): Natalia Gennadjevna Borok,Mikhail Albertovich Subotyalov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

In recent years the question of alcohol rehabilitation has moved from the medical and biological fields to the social and psychological areas. Recent developments have heightened the issue of key personality differences between addicts and non-addicts. Relying on these key differences can contribute greatly to effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. The purpose of present study was to identify the personality changes of alcohol addicted people applying meth-ods of psychological assessment. The experimental group consisted of male alcohol addicts (the second stage of alcoholism) and the control group was represented by non-addicted males. A variety of psychological methods were used to identify the level of social frustration, anxiety, locus of control, defense mechanisms, and self-evaluation. The study showed some key differences between alcohol addicts and the control group. External locus of control of alcohol-addicted patients was 69% lower compared to non-addicts. The internal locus of control was identified in the control group of non-addicted people. Only 19% of alcohol addicts demonstrated an optimal aspiration level. The obtained results proved immaturity of alcohol addicts, their inability to set targets and low interest in self-development. Leading defense mechanisms indicate that alcohol addicts refuse to solve problems in a productive way. The alcohol addicts demonstrated the level of social frustration 51% lower than the control group of non-addicted people. These differences are extremely important for understanding the mechanism of escape into alcoholism. The study showed significant dif-ferences in self-evaluation, the level of anxiety, the tension of defense mechanisms, and locus of control.

ПОЈАМ СМРТИ ИЗ УГЛА ДЕТЕТА

Author(s): Miljana Spasić-Šnele / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

The purpose of the study presented in this paper is to examine the way children perciеve death and children's visual presentations of death. The study includes 60 children aged 5, 6 and 7 years old and their parents. The studied groups of children have been equally divided by gender and by age. Data were also collected about the child's experience with death and completeness of their families. The interview about death, for children (Slaughter & Griffiths, 2007) and the children's drawings on the theme of “death” were used in the process of collecting the data. The relationships were tested with the ANOVA, T-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of the research show that the way children perceive death correlates with their age; therefore, the 7-year olds have a more mature understanding of death compared to the 6-year olds and 5-year olds. The analysis of the children’s drawings shows that the children had different visual presentations of death. The children showed mostly lonely dead people, funerals and scenes of murder on their drawings. The research results are partially consistent with the theoretical and empirical assumptions about the way in which children perceive death.

Различия в показателях личностного потенциала у высокоинтеллектуальных студентов

Author(s): Anna Vasilievna Budakova,Valery Vladimirovna Matsuta / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

The results of studies of the personal potential of highly intellectual students are presented. The article provides a review of current studies in the field of intellectual and personal potential as a predictor of success. The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on the ideas of the systemic anthropological psychology suggested by V. E. Klochko, the theory of personal potential developed by D. A. Leontiev within the framework of positive psychology, and the concept of human intellectual abilities introduced by M. A. Kholodnaya. The aim of the research presented in this article was to study the peculiarities of personal potential and intellectual abilities of first-year university students. The first stage of the research involved identifying the level of students’ personal potential and intellectual ability. The results obtained from the correlational analysis showed a significant correlation between IQ and personal potential, especially the self-organization parameters of "Planning" and "Fixation". The last stage of the research based on the cluster analysis identified four groups of highly intelligent students with various personal potential indicators. Conducting the analysis of var-iance, the authors compared the groups, and on the base of the revealed variant and invariant personality traits two profiles of students with high level of intellectual development have been identified. The first profile is characterized by high personal potential, based on the expression of self-reflection, psychological safety and social intelligence which allows to predict their success in everyday activities and high achievements. The second profile shows low personal capacity, substantial characteristics of which will interfere with the achievement of success, despite the high level of intelligence. In conclusion, the study suggests that personal potential is the major factor determining success achievements in various activities.

Wdzięczność: jej natura i rodzaje

Author(s): Stanisława Tucholska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Gratitude is an important psychological construct in positive psychology, the psychology of religion, and the psychology of spirituality. Until recently, however, psychologists have largely ignored it. Even so, its significance for social and individual life has begun to emerge in the context of cognitive psychology, as something that contributes to personal wellbeing, the strengthening of interpersonal relations, and good social behaviour. Generalizing, we may say that gratitude is a positive response to one’s being in receipt of some beneficial good, whether it comes from other people, from one’s life conditions, from nature, or from God. e purpose of this article is to aempt a psychological definition of gratitude, along with an outline of its nature as an emotional state, personality trait, mood, disposition or virtue.

Różnice indywidualne ujmowane w terminach typów psychicznych Junga i stylów życia Adlera

Author(s): Zenon Uchnast / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Stern has drawn aention to the possibility of conducting research into the psychology of individual differences in a manner that treats nomothetic and idiographic approaches as being equal and complementary. Nevertheless, many psychologists, such as Stern, strongly deny the scientific value of the idiographic approach. Jungs’ conception of psychological types, as presented here, has been created using the nomothetic approach, and its basic assumptions can be verified using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Bearing in mind the fact that Adlers’ conception of lifestyles was formulated and verified using only the idiographic method of psychography, carried out in the context of individual courses of psychotherapy, I draw aention to the possibility of using, for this purpose, my own Action Styles estionnaire (ASQ), which offers some elements essential to the idiographic approach: e.g. a bipolar structural scale of individual preferences articulated in terms of cooperation with others on the one hand, and security and self-protection on the other (CO-SP) — one which may be considered convergent with Adlers’ description of creative and uncreative lifestyles. Psychometric data obtained from the students (N = 388) in respect of MBTI and ASQ were subjected to statistical covariation analysis (r-Pearson). Additionally, four homogeneous types were demarcated, using statistical cluster analysis. The final results obtained indicate that MBTI aitude scales (extroversion and introversion) are significantly covariant with the results for persons belonging to different types along the bipolar CO-SP scale. However, there were almost no differences between the results obtained when using ASQ scales and when using the scales for the three pairs of psychological functions measured by MBTI.

ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRETİM ELEMANLARININ ZAMAN YÖNETİMİ ANLAYIŞLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Kubilay Çimen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2017

The aim of this study was to investigate time management understandings of university academic staff with their participation or not participation in the sports activities, gender and their work year. The sample of the study consisted of 93 university academic staff who Works at Dumlupinar University (37 women and 56 men). As data collection tool in addition to a questionary, which consists 10 items developed by the researchers, "Time Management Scale", which was developed by Britton and Tesser (1991) and Turkish adaptation was done by Koçak and Alay (2002) was used. The obtained data were analyzed by using SPSS for windows. In addition to descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis test were done in order to determine significant differences between time management understandings of the academic staff. As a result, although, there was no significant difference between participants' time management understanding according to gender (p>.05) there were significant differences between participants' time management understandings in the "time attitudes" subscale according to their work year and in "time management" and "time attitudes" subscales according to participation /or not participation in sport activities (p<.05).

Заштитни фактори наспрам фактора ризика за самообјектификацију у кохортама различитог узраста и рода

Author(s): Chiara Rollero,Silvia Gattino,Angela Fedi / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2018

The harmful effects of objectification and self-objectification have been widely investigated, but few studies have examined factors that may predict self-objectification. This research intends to assess the protective versus risk role of sociodemographic and physical characteristics (age, BMI), psychosocial variables (self-esteem; self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism), and social factors (influence of family and friends; internalization of media standards) on self-objectification in men and women. The selfobjectification was assessed with two subscales of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale: Body Shame and Body Surveillance. Participants were 812 Italian adults of different age cohorts (age range 21–60 years; 50.7% females) recruited via a quota sampling method. Two regression models separately for males and females were performed. Results showed that mass media influence was the strongest predictor for body surveillance and body shame in both men and women, whereas gender-related patterns emerged for physical, psychological, and relational variables with age as moderator.

Çocuk Şube Müdürlüğünde Çalışan Polis Memurlarının İkincil Travmatik Stres Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Author(s): Bülent Tansel,Aygül Tunç,Mehmet Gündoğdu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2015

The aim of the present research is to examine the relationship between secondary traumatic stress symptoms and psychological resiliency, social support, and assumptions about world on police officers working in police juvenile branch/ bureau office. The study group consisted of 92 police officers (80 male; 12 female) working in police juvenile branch/bureau office in a metropolitan city in Turkey. Mean age of participants was 40,27. The data were gathered by using of Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms Inventory, Psychological Resilience Inventory for Adults, Assumptions about World Inventory and Perceived Multidirectional Social Support Inventory. Stepwise linear regression analysis was employed to the data. According to research result, self perception subscale scores of Psychological Resilience Inventory, social support gathered from a significant person, incidentality assumption and length of service predicted Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms Inventory scores. The finding of the study was discussed according to related literature.

OПИС НА ТЕСТОТ НЕО ПИ-3

Author(s): Eleonora Serafimovska,Marijana Marković / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1/2013

Puncte cardinale

Author(s): Giandomenico Mucci / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2002

A text about melancholy and depression in Postmodern times.

Психофизиологические и социальные критерии трудового потенциала специалистов по социальной работе

Author(s): Evgeniya Igorevna Antipova,Daria Zakharovna Shibkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

Introduction of social workers’ professional standards raises the problem of developing psychophysiological factors for their professional potential. The aim of the research is to reveal psychophysiological and social criteria of social workers’ professional potential in terms of their efficiency, quality of life and level of job satisfaction. Materials and Methods. In order to identify social workers’ essential traits and qualities, the authors have analyzed ‘Standards of proficiency for social workers’. Social workers’ psychophysiological status is described in terms of their CNS performance indicators and their working efficiency level. The research methodology involves T. D. Loskutova’s PC-based chronoreflexometry modified by M. P. Moroz. Moreover, the research programme includes evaluating the following: quality of life indicators (‘SF-36 Health Status Survey’), level of work satisfaction (V. A. Rozanova’s psychodiagnostic method) and self-assessment of health status (a questionnaire). Results. The paper reveals and describes psychophysiological criteria of social workers’ proficiency. This is the first study reporting the parameters of social workers’ CNS functional status and their working efficiency levels. The study has found that two-thirds of the participants are characterized by high capacity to adapt to complicated working conditions. Analysis of CNS performance indicators reveals a high-risk group among social workers demonstrating low efficiency during long-term observation, which indicates low level of professional trustworthiness within the identified group. The authors do not observe a direct correlation between working efficiency and termination of professional responsibility. Further analysis exposes the absence of a highly reliable correlation between the majority of life quality indicators and functional state of the body. The only slightly positive correlation is the one between a life quality indicator ‘role limitations due to physical health’ and the parameters of social workers’ CNS functional status and of their working efficiency (i.e. stability of neural response and functionality level). Conclusions. Lack of highly reliable correlations between life quality indicators and functional state of the body, between personal job satisfaction, hand-eye coordination and life quality indicators have enabled the authors to conclude that the main criterion of social workers’ professional potential is their psychophysiological status, i.e. stability of neural response and CNS functionality level.

PRACTICAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES OF PERSISTENT BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORIZATION FOR HUMAN PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION

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Author(s): Cosmin Dugan,Aurel Băloi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

While not a new concept, human performance optimization (HPO) was virtually reorchestrated in the last decades by the rapid advancements in neurosciences, artificial intelligence, human-machine/computer interfaces, human medicine and microelectronics. Widespread acceptance and implementation of this concept especially at the university level and in specialized professions, both in civilian and military environments, raised technical and ethical questions and dilemmas. For example, persistent performances monitorization is an essential tool for recruitment, selection and optimization process that requires an extensive physiological, neurophysiological, emotional status and behavioral data collection. Multiple methods of data gathering can be employed – from direct (contact), limited in time and informed techniques controlled by the subject to non-contact, anonymous and indirect methods, for long periods of time, sometimes involving other subjects. The technical capabilities are rapidly expanding and are already allowing the anonime surveillance of large number of persons in situ (during normal routine, in public and even private spaces). The same problem is commune in digital medicine (for example, in behavioral digital phenotyping) and several initiatives are in progress, their scope being limited in particular by ethical and legislative issues and less by technical problems. In our paper we discuss the particular topic of performances monitorization from the perspective of several researches, from scientific literature and our own scenarios, in the field of human performance optimization. A comparative discussion based on the presentation and analysis of several systems and configurations used in our own research will allow us to provide an answer to the question “Are the pragmatic benefits of persistent performance monitorization outweighs the moral, ethical and security concerns for military professions?”

Professional Safety of Personality: System Regularities of Functioning and Synergetic Effects of Self-Organization

Author(s): Olha Lazorko,Zhanna Virna,Hanna Brytova,Hanna Tolchieva,Iryna Shastko,Volodymyr Saienko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The article deals with the systemic-synergetic aspects of personal security in the postmodern society. The theoretical concepts of the system genesis of the structural and functional organization of a person's professional safety have been improved according to the parameters of the sphere of professional functioning (the sphere of choosing a profession, the sphere of vocational training, the sphere of professional adaptation and the sphere of professional realization proper), the age range (stages of an optant, adept, adaptant and master) and labor conditions (ordinary and special). The article proves that the performance of professional activities in special conditions is often combined with danger to health and life. Ensuring human life in special conditions requires the use of the specialist's adaptive resources, which ensure the activation of the productive processes of activity and determine the construct of the professional health of the specialist's personality. The active involvement of the individual in the professional sphere is reflected in the manifestation of professional safety as a specific indicator of the safe functioning of the individual in the course of professionalization. Understanding the security of a person at the level of the subject of acquiring professional experience contains the experience of a state of social satisfaction, which ensures the protection of the professional interests of the individual, quantified in the parameters of satisfying the urgent need for professional realization in the complex of subjective and personal qualities.