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Преговори за контрол на стратегическите въоръжения през първото десетилетие след края на Студената война

Author(s): Angel Apostolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Abstract. This scholarly article examines the problems ahead of the effective control of strategic armaments that have arisen in the first decade after the end of the Cold War. The collapse of the USSR left huge nuclear arsenals on the territory of four newly independent states. The US and the Russian Federation faced the challenge not only to convince Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan to voluntarily hand over to the Russian Federation the remaining nuclear weapons on their territory, but also to continue the complex negotiations between them to negotiate and ratify new treaties reducing their nuclear arsenals. In addition to the three planned START Treaties, the fate of the ABM Treaty become another contentious issue in the negotiations between the US and the Russian Federation. Despite these difficulties, strategic arms control became the least controversial aspect of NATO–Russia relations and one with the greatest potential for cooperation.

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Research of Using the System Approach to Increase Professional Competence of Students in the Process of Studying Natural Sciences

Author(s): Ivan Beloev,Inna Savytska,Oksana Bulgakova,Iryna Yasinetska,Lesia Zbaravska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The study deals with the formation of professional competence of future agricultural engineers in higher education institutions. Based on the analysis of modern concepts, we rethink the essence, purpose, and content of the training of future mechanical engineers from the perspective of the implementation of the competency approach. The purpose of the article is to study the formation of sustainable professional competence of future agricultural engineers in the process of studying natural sciences. We use theoretical research methods: study and analysis of psychological-pedagogical, normative and special literature on the research problem; analysis of state educational standards, programs, books and methodical materials. We have developed a structural-functional model of formation of professional competence of mechanical engineers, which will allow to ensure effective formation of professional competence of future specialists in the agricultural and technical field. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing the principle of professionally oriented training of future engineers in the process of forming their professional competence. It also proves the effectiveness of the formation of professional competences of future engineers with the aim of training highly qualified specialists in the agrarian and technical field.

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Военното сътрудничество в интерес на постигането на целите на външната политика. Примерът Гърция – Израел

Author(s): Petar Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article examines the development of political and military relations between the Republic of Greece and Israel, as an example of effective use of military cooperation in favor of achieving foreign policy goals.

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Геополитическото значение на Приднестровието в Европейската интеграция на Молдова

Author(s): Valeri Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The publication examines the current state of the so-called frozen conflict in Transnistria in the context of the Russian military actions in Ukraine; the positions of the external factors – Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine; the importance of the conflict on the European integration process of Moldova; the possible influence of the ongoing geopolitical processes in the Moldovan state over the national security of Bulgaria.

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Подход за емпирично изследване, анализ и оценка на дейностите, извършвани от въоръжените сили

Author(s): Zhivko Yordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The armed forces of a country, regardless of its organization and government, are always part of its national security system. Their participation in public relations develops and becomes more complicated simultaneously with the development and complication of public relations. The activities carried out by the armed forces are activities carried out in the intangible sphere, which significantly complicates their research, which necessitates the use of a specific research approach.

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Methodology for Effective Planning of Means of Destruction Located in the Cover and in the Stern for Various Types of Targets

Author(s): Arzuman Gardashkhan Gasanov,Yashar Shukur Karimov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In the article, the issue of effective planning of covert and open means of destruction against various types of tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, infantry groups, as well as aerial targets (helicopters, UAVs) flying from a height of up to 200 m, is solved for combat activities using the game theory method. The result shows that it is possible to select favourable options before deploying cover and open means of destruction against targets. This issue can be used before combat activities are planned.

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Договорът за обикновените въоръжени сили в Европа – подписване, адаптиране и прекратяване

Author(s): Angel Apostolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

The topic of this scientific article examines the problems that arose before the effective control of conventional armed forces in the decades after the end of the Cold War. The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) is the keystone for the establishment of mutually acceptable restrictions on this category of armaments. Conceived as a treaty between two monolithic military-political blocs, the CFE has had to be adapted several times since the end of the Cold War and the new security environment that emerged in Europe after the collapse of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO). However, the contradictions between NATO and Russia are the reason why the CFE was not able to reach its full potential. The escalation of the Russian aggression against Ukraine and the deep mutual mistrust between Moscow and the Western partners led to the Russian Federation’s decision to withdraw from the CFE Treaty.

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Оценка на системата за защита на националната сигурност в Република България

Author(s): Anelia Atipova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

The report presents the results of the expert evaluation of a formal model of the National Security Protection System in the Republic of Bulgaria (NSPS), for the purposes of which a special methodology was created. Using the methods of content analysis, functional analysis and doctrinal (scientific) interpretation of normative acts, the functions and activities of the structures and bodies of the NSPS were analyzed to achieve the strategic goals of the state. Six key normative acts affecting the activities of the leading institutions - Council of Ministers, National Assembly, Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Internal Affairs and two strategic documents were examined. Recommendations have been made to optimize the formal model of the NSPS, with a view to its more efficient functioning.

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Структура и функции на „Работна група за информационни дейности“

Author(s): Vaklin Kirilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

When integrating information operations into the process of operational-level planning in a joint format, the Information Activities Working Group plays a crucial role as part of the joint operations planning group. It has a structure that provides a high level of expertise and creates conditions for precise planning of information activities, both to achieve desired effects during the conduct of the operation and to support the planning process itself. The primary contribution resulting from its activities is the synergistic effect generated by integrating information activities into the planning process, as this enables their execution throughout the course of the operation.

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Гражданската отбрана – анахронизъм или екзистенциална потребност

Author(s): Dimo Ginev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

In the context of the deteriorating and explosive security environment, an attempt is made to justify the usefulness of building an efficient system for civil defence, through which the stability of the population and the state can be guaranteed in crises and military-political conflicts. The tasks defined in the second Protocol additional to the Geneva conventions are examined and they are related to the specific responsibilities in the Republic of Bulgaria. Finally, additional current tasks are proposed and three approaches to building the system in the country are underlined.

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Таргетингът и културното наследство: унищожаване на културното наследство по време на конфликти

Author(s): Radoslav Chalakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

Armed conflicts affect many aspects of life. In addition to casualties from military impacts, conflicts often involve damage or destruction of cultural heritage. The significant challenges we face in the XXI century also complicate the protection of cultural heritage during military operations. The increasing use of social media provides instant viewing and propaganda for the destruction of cultural heritage and, in many cases, its irreversible destruction, on the other hand, precision munitions increase the expectation that cultural heritage sites will be spared during conflict. This expectation often leads to increased frustration and disappointment when sites are not protected or become collateral damage. This article examines the role of the targeting process in influencing cultural heritage during conflict.

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Идеен модел на национална стратегия за противодействие на хибридните заплахи

Author(s): Vasya Vasilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The focus of this article is the presentation of an exemplary conceptual model of a strategy for countering the hybrid threats of the Republic of Bulgaria. The emphasis is on the extreme need for its preparation, given the deepening theoretical knowledge and understanding of hybrid threats, as well as their expanding application in practical terms. Both the adopted legal framework and the established structures for deterring and neutralizing hybrid threats in NATO, the EU and partner countries have been examined. The most general conceptual recommendations for the preparation of the national strategy are given, and through a comparative analysis, the existing analogous documents in the Czech Republic and the Republic of North Macedonia are revised, the structure and content of which can be adapted according to the Bulgarian reality.

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Концептуални виждания на НАТО за бъдещото противопоставяне и развитието на военния инструмент на мощта

Author(s): Nikolay Nedyalkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article presents one of the aspects of the process of transformation and adaptation of NATO to the security environment after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014 – the conceptual development of the Alliance's military instrument of power in the context of future confrontation. It examines the major strategic documents newly adopted in this period, focusing on NATO Warfighting Capstone Concept and its impact on some perceptions of Alliance collective defence.

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Идентификация и оценка на риска от терористични действия в критични инфраструктурни обекти от значение за националната сигурност

Author(s): Danail Petev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Тhe article examines the essence and goals of the phenomenon of terrorism, the main reasons contributing to its emergence and the activities in the fight against it. The process of managing the risk of terrorism is revealed. Alternative approaches to terrorist threat prevention are explored. On the basis of system analysis and risk management methodology, the theoretical foundations of criticality and vulnerability of critical infrastructure are explored. The coordination in the activities of the ministries and departments in the fight against terrorism in relation to national security is presented.

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Откриване на останки от самолета Neptune 2-P-103 на аржентинските военноморски сили по време на полярната експедиция на научноизследователския кораб „Св. Св. Кирил и Методий“

Author(s): Aleksandrina Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article describes the events related to the discovery of the remains of the aircraft NEPTUNE 2-P-103 by the Argentine Navy during the 32nd polar expedition of the Bulgarian naval research ship “St. st. Cyril and Methodius”. An analysis of the coverage of the tragedy in local periodicals over the years was carried out and the research methods of martyrology were applied. The transfer of the remains to the Argentine Navy brings our countries closer together. Among the words of the relatives of the crew members of NEPTUNE 2-P-103, a deep gratitude to Bulgaria sounds.

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Политически характеристики на Китай през ХХI век

Author(s): Erol Buyukliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article presents some basic political characteristics of China in the XXI Century. One of the main approaches of the analysis is to present China’s political influence in the modern era in the context of its the economic power. The conclusion summarizes China’s strategic ambitions for the transformation of the two main systems in the world – in the sphere of security and the global economy.

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Human Factors: A Problem Interaction In L-L Interface As A Cause Of The Boeing 737-505 Crash Near Perm

Author(s): Rumyana Kareva,Margarita Kumanova,Maria Dabova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This paper presents problems of L-L interaction based on the Official report on the causes of the Boeing 737 crash near Perm. The Edwards-Hawkins SHELL model is an explanatory model for the L-L interface causes of the crash that killed 88 people.

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Фактори, определящи състоянието и режимите за функциониране на система за събиране, оценка и обмен на данни за ядрена, химическа и биологична обстановка

Author(s): Dimitar Nedevski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The system for collection, assessment and exchange of data on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) situation, operating in the Armed Forces, has characteristics that predetermine the possibility of its optimization and its transformation into a system for early warning, notification and monitoring of CBRN contamination, meeting the modern requirements of the troops. There are certain imperfections in the operation of the system related to the long time required for processing and exchanging information, as well as to the reliability and credibility of the transmitted data. They are caused by the unrealized horizontal information links between the system elements, its inability to function as an integrated communication, information and functional structure and the absence of automated devices for determining the wide range of threats.

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Организационна култура и продължаващо образование и обучение

Author(s): Mariya Neycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4s/2024

In today’s economies, lifelong learning has emerged as a crucial driver of economic and social development and growth. However, Bulgaria lags behind other European nations in terms of participation in lifelong learning initiatives. This article delves into the factors that influence continuing education. A field study, involving over one hundred Bulgarian enterprises, revealed that organizational culture plays a pivotal role in shaping corporate investment decisions. Companies that prioritize human capital accumulation through strategic human resource development strategies and practices, and view learning as an essential asset tend to exhibit higher levels of both participation and intensity in lifelong learning programs. These findings align with institutional theory according to which organizational culture significantly impacts investments in lifelong learning. Thus, the paper has significant practical implications for policies related to continuing education and training.

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Югоизточна Европа – сътрудничество и/или интеграция?

Author(s): Nevena Aleksieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

As a part of Europe and in perspective – also a part of the EU, SEE is inevitably linked to multilayered and multidirectional processes – in the Union and in the region. The key question, which has a new significance and new dimensions in the context of the war in Ukraine, is – which direction will SEE countries take – backwards towards nationalism or forward looking towards effective integration into a community based on supranational and commonly accepted rules? Towards mutually beneficial regional exchanges and the completion of regional identity with a serious effect on the European and Euro-Atlantic perspective of the region and the enhancement of citizens’ wellbeing. Or towards remaining on the periphery of Europe as an object of multi-directional, conflicting aspirations and belligerent confrontation. The role of Bulgaria is also outlined, and some guidelines for the intensification of its positions in terms of bilateral and multilateral regional cooperation are proposed.

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