The 22nd International Symposium in Psychology at UNK & VMU: Abstracts
The 22nd International Symposium in Psychology at UNK & VMU: Abstracts
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The 22nd International Symposium in Psychology at UNK & VMU: Abstracts
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To examine the level of depressive symptoms of the secondary school students in Turkey and Canada has been aimed in this study. The research group of the study consists of 1050 secondary school students with the average age of 13. Their socio-economic levels are low in both countries, Canada and Turkey. Data has been analyzed by independent groups t-Test, Two Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD Test. The study revealed that the level of depressive symptoms of Turkish secondary school students has been found higher than the level of depressive symptoms of Canadian secondary school students. While the levels of depressive symptoms of the Canadian female students have been higher than male students, the level of depressive symptoms of Turkish students has not differentiated in terms of their genders. While the common interactions of the educational levels of Turkish students' parents on depressive symptoms have been found significant, the levels of depressive symptoms of Canadian pupils have not presented any changes according to parents' educational levels. The results of the study have been discussed and some suggestions have been presented.
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Temat miłości jest podejmowany w filozofii od starożytności i podobnie jak w innych obszarach rozważań nie osiągnięto dotychczas wspólnego poglądu na tę kwestię. Amerykański analityk jungowski Robert A. Johnson, analizując zachodnie społeczeństwo, doszedł do wnio-sku, że funkcjonujące w nim idee miłości są pełne wewnętrznych sprzeczności. Celem artyku-łu jest przybliżenie Johnsonowskiej koncepcji miłości romantycznej, która oferuje poszerzenie perspektywy na problem miłości. Artykuł prezentuje także sugerowaną przez analityka genezę zachodniej idei miłości romantycznej, która sięga dalej niż epoka romantyzmu. Opisane są również przyczyny pomieszania zachodnich postaw wobec miłości. Ostatnim punktem jest przedstawienie wysuniętej przez Johnsona propozycji rozwiązania tego problemu – w oparciu o jungowską psychologię analityczną.
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A survey concerning the mental health of unaccompanied women (women who have immigrated alone or with their minor children illegally) was conducted in the currently biggest refugee camp in Greece on the island of Lesvos. A form of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used as the main screening tool of the wellbeing of 69 females. Results showed that these women reported having symptoms of bad health, anxiety, sleeping disorders and depression in a greater degree than their usual status before coming to the camp. Results differ by ethnicity. Women from sub-Saharan Africa seem to be more vulnerable than other ethnic groups, while Somalian women are the most resilient ethnic group, since they did not show critical symptoms in any of the examined health issues. Differences in health-related issues between ethnic groups proved statistically significant. On the other hand, age and duration of stay in the camp, although altered to some degree the results, did not make any statistically significant difference.
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Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) is one of the tests used by psychologist working with children for the intellectual assessment of children in Turkey. To obtain the test practitioner certificate, psychologists must complete the necessary training and supervision process. The purpose of this study was to give information about the process of WISC-IV practitioner training and to review the administration errors of the trainees participating in the training. In the research, the protocols of the homework done by the trainees participating in the WISC-IV practitioner training under supervision were examined in the context of the errors made. In this context, 180 administration forms, taken randomly from the assignments, were used. Types of mistakes have been identified in three categories, including “administration errors”, “computation errors”, and “recording errors”, and data analysis was made on the frequency of errors. Results suggested that the most common error category made by the trainees was “administration errors”. The most common error types in this category were scoring and query errors in verbal items. It was observed that the second most common error category was ” computation errors”, and among this group, more errors were made in the subtest raw score calculated incorrectly. The findings revealed that error-free administration protocols were rarely seen in the WISC-IV practitioner training process, and the most common errors were related to verbal subtests. By paying attention to the information about the common types of errors observed during and after the WISC-IV training process of the practitioners, suggestions were made for techniques and strategies to reduce the errors.
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Autism spectrum disorder, one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, is a lifelong condition, especially with difficulties in social communication, limited interest, and repetitive behavior. Working memory, as a basic executive function, is a cognitive process also associated with impulse control, inhibition, organization, mental flexibility, focusing on one’s attention, planning, responding to new situations, initiating and monitoring actions, problem solving, and goal-directed behaviors. Studies suggest that working memory impairments are associated with repetitive behaviors, and the risk for academic failure observed in autism spectrum disorder, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. From this point of view, working memory deficits are often found in neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in autism spectrum disorder. In the current study, following an introduction to autism and working memory, working memory functions associated with autism spectrum disorder were reviewed in detail. In this context, brain imaging studies highlighting the importance of frontal lobe functions, links between repetitive behaviors and working memory, and age differences in working memory functions were summarized. Next, working memory deficits in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and pervasive developmental disorder were discussed in comparison with autism. Finally, the conclusion part of the current review tried to provide a contribution to future studies.
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EMDR is a treatment method that combines the techniques of many different psychotherapy approaches and provides a multifaceted intervention to the adverse impacts of traumatic experiences by matching mental information processing and physical stimulation. Although EMDR was initially developed to be administered to adults individually, it has become a wide-ranging treatment application with the use of children, adolescents, and group studies. This paper aimed to review the theoretical framework and past studies on the use of EMDR in the treatment of children with traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Traumatic experiences during childhood can lead to many psychological disorders and behavioral problems in adulthood and disrupt a child’s normal development process. EMDR studies with children have shown that it is an effective method in reducing PTSD symptoms and supporting psychological well-being, even in short-term applications. Therefore, it has been thought that it may be beneficial to extend the use of EMDR for the treatment of trauma in children. From the perspective of individual and social mental health, the EMDR method is considered as a valid, effective, and efficient treatment method in terms of minimizing the negative experiences of children and being a protective intervention for their future lives.
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This article focuses on the use of the concepts kogudus (Eng congregation) and kogukond (Eng community) in Estonian Christian tradition and present-day society. The etymology of these words is explored as well as their use in Estonian Bible translations and theology to assist in understanding changes in use of these terms – for example the shift towards preferring community instead of congregation or church. Also, relations between religious fellowship and the wider society are described, thus bringing into discussion the sociological dimension. The latter argues that a Christian congregation, as a relations-building network, is itself a community operating in a wider social framework. Historically, kogudus has denoted a crowd or people, though the Christian meaning – a congregation gathered for worship or members of a local church – has also been strongly present. Kogukond is found to be in wider use in the Estonian language only since the 19th century, partly in relation with administrative changes, referring mainly to inhabitants of a local community or parish. The authors argue that even if these two words have been intertwined in their meaning, the synonymous or near-synonymous use of these concepts is a recent development. Some new church plants refer to their Sunday worship and discussion group as kogukond, reserving the word kogudus for a more abstract Christian fellowship, often including several communities. This may be a result of focus on missional contextualization, as kogukond is more neutral while kogudus has become a part of sacral language. The article concludes that the linguistic, religious and sociological use of these concepts is closely linked and awareness of these aspects helps to make clear the changes in the use of these words, and in related practices.
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This research basically aims to empirically address the relationship between ungratefulness and religiousness in young people in terms of religious psychology. Also, the research targeted to identify differences and associations in the levels of religiousness and ungratefulness of participants based on socio-cultural and demographic factors. In the research conducted using screening method and online survey technique; Individuals between the ages of 18 and 26 living within the provincial boundaries of Izmir form the population of the research. The 473 young people selected by the method of random sampling from this population constitute the sampling of the research. The research used "Personal Information Form," "Ungratefulness Scale" and "Ok-Religiousness Scale" as data collection tools. SPSS 25 statistical package software was used to analyze the raw data taken from the research. In the analysis of the data, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation techniques were used. The results of the study showed a negative and significant relationship between overall religiousness and the dimensions of cognition, emotion related to God, and ungratefulness towards Allah (UTA). Similarly, a negative and statistically significant relationship was established between overall religiousness and the dimensions of cognition, emotion related to God, and overall total ungratefulness (OTU). On the other hand, no significant relationship was found between ungratefulness towards teachers (UTT), ungratefulness towards fathers (UTF), ungratefulness towards other people doing favor (UTPDF), and the overall total religiosity and all sub-dimensions of religiosity.
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Undoubtedly, every scientist researches and develops his/her theories in accordance with the spirit of his/her age (Zeitgeist) within the framework of the possibilities and limits of the culture and civilization he/she lives in. The scientific basis and character of the psychology that has been developed in modern Western thought, is also subject to these possibilities and limits. Psychology, which emerged as a separate discipline from philosophy in the 19th century with its unique concepts and theories, is based on the Judeo-Christian tradition and positivist understanding of science in the context of its possibilities and limits. It is controversial to what extent psychology is valid for individuals with different worldviews due to the paradigm and foundations that have been effective in its historical development. This study aimed to find an answer to ‘how/to what extend’ the Islamic psychology tradition should be formed by discussing the adequacy of modern psychology to identify individuals with an Islamic worldview as the basic method to be used in recognizing the human spirit. In the study, which consisted of two stages, is evaluated firstly, the possibility of adapting modern psychology to the Islamic worldview and secondly the possibility of establishing a psychology-based only on Islamic sources.
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In recent years continues to increase interest in religion in Turkey and in the world. All that is effective in the world that the proliferation of groups claiming to live in the core of institutional religion, the rise of new religious movements and the politics of religious discourse in Turkey and the world is an example of this situation. In addition, in Turkey, interest in religious institutions and professions has increased significantly due to the demands of the people and the discourse and actions of political power. There are emotional, mental and behavioral dimensions of the religious officials' professional attitude, which is formed by his/her life related to his/her professionFeelings such as liking or disliking the profession form the emotional dimension of his/her professional attitude. His/her thoughts and knowledge about the profession constitute the cognitive (mental) dimension of professional attitude. The behavioral dimension of professional attitude is professional activities and work performed in accordance with their emotional and cognitive dimensions. Organization and work dimensions of burnout are important in terms of the formation and development of the burnout concept, since people spend most of their lives at work. They reflect their work life, organizational structure, even unintentionally, to their family and home lives. Workload weight, the nature of the job, work-friendliness relationships, communication, as well as the organization's management and organizational structure, the strategies and policies applied managerial practices and sanctions, laws, legistlations and regulations can lay the groundwork for the occurrence of burnout syndrome on an individual level. In this study, the level of professional attitude and burnout of employees in various titles in religious higher education institutions, Ministry of National Education and Presidency of Religious Affairs in seven metropolitan cities, each of which is located in different regions of Turkey, were examined. A questionnaire including demographic information, professional attitude and professional burnout scales was used as a data collection tool. Within the scope of the study, the questionnaires of a total of 3662 participants, including 282 academics, 1605 teachers and 1775 religious officials, were accepted as valid. The data obtained as a result of the study were analysed by SPSS 23.0 statistics program. In the study, the level of significance was determined as p <0.05. As a result of the analysis, a high-level inverse correlation was observed between professional burnout and professional attitude. Moreover, it has been determined that there is a significant relationship between variables such as marital status, age, length of service, gender, city of residence and education level, and professional attitude and burnout, although it varies from institution to institution. The place of residence, title, and the reason for choosing the profession have been observed to have a similar effect in all institutions in terms of professional attitude and burnout. The results obtained were interpreted by the researcher, and some suggestions were made based on the results.
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Theology faculties serve as teacher training institutions that train Religious Culture and Ethics teachers to work in primary and secondary schools, and vocational course teachers to work in Imam-Hatip high schools. The success of teacher candidates in teaching as a professional occupation that requires certain knowledge, skills, and attitudes depends on having the necessary equipment and qualifications. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of theology students towards to teaching profession and their occupational anxiety levels; and to understand the relationship between the attitudes of theology students towards teaching profession and their occupational anxiety levels. To achieve this goal, explanatory research design was adopted as a correlational research design. The research group consists of 413 students studying at Necmettin Erbakan University Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Theology in the spring semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. "The Profession of Teaching Attitude Scale " and "Occupational Anxiety Scale" were used as data collection tools. SPSS (version 21.0) statistical package software was used to analyse the data obtained in the study, and firstly, the mean and standard deviation values were calculated in the sub-dimensions that consist of the professional attitude and occupational anxiety level. Then, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the relationship between the attitude towards the teaching profession and the level of professional anxiety. In addition, the coefficient of determination was calculated to examine the total variance explained. According to the findings obtained within the scope of the study, the attitudes of theology students towards the teaching profession are at a positive level in terms of love, value, and harmony. According to findings, theology students’ attitudes towards teaching profession are positive. On the other hand, “job-oriented anxiety”, “socio-economic anxiety”, “colleagues and students’ parents-oriented anxiety”, “adaptation oriented anxiety”, and “school management oriented anxiety” levels of theology students are low; “interaction with student oriented anxiety”, “individual self-development oriented anxiety”, and “occupational exam oriented anxiety” are middle level. While the factor with the lowest level of anxiety among theology students was “colleagues and students’ parents-oriented anxiety” (x̄=4.06), it was seen that the factor with the highest level of anxiety was “occupational exam-oriented anxiety” (x̄=2.99). The results of the study showed that there was a significant negative low-level correlation between “love” factor and “job-oriented anxiety”, “socio-economic anxiety”, “colleagues and students’ parents-oriented anxiety”, “adaptation-oriented anxiety”, while a significant positive low-level correlation between “love” factor and “occupational exam oriented anxiety”. There is a significant positive low-level correlation between “value” factor and “interaction with student oriented anxiety”, “individual self-development oriented anxiety”, “occupational exam oriented anxiety”. Finally, there is a significant negative low-level correlation between “adaptation” factor and “job-oriented anxiety”, “socio-economic anxiety”, “interaction with student-oriented anxiety”, “colleagues and students’ parents-oriented anxiety”, “adaptation oriented anxiety”.
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The article presents the results of research conducted in March and April 2020 on changes in everyday life during the general quarantine in Poland. The analysis was based on entries and visual data (photos, drawings, memes) collected at that time in a group specially established for research on Facebook named Pandemia Stories PL. The article focuses on the observed changes in the use of houses/apartments in the context of physical space and changes affecting interpersonal relationships. The summary contains theses about the likely changes after the end of the Covid 19 pandemic: increasing the role of technology and nature in the home space.
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The author begins by addressing theories in which love is either the key bond in intimate interpersonal relations (Giddens, Beck, Illouz) or is a set of everyday practices aimed at generating and maintaining a close relationship (Kauffman) and in which love can be understood through certain signs and symbols and other structures of meaning (Danesi). The author’s analysis conforms to the concepts of the sociology of everyday life, the sociology of the couple, and the theory of social practices, according to which an intimate relationship is built on the basis of a couple’s daily activities, which “produce” that relationship through their repetition. The author analyzes ways of showing love to one another in everyday practices and attempts to embed these gestures and symbols in cultural conditions. The author’s reflections are based on a qualitative analysis of empirical research.
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The aim of this article is to analyze Raja Halwani’s concept of “romantic love.” Her main thesis is that romantic love is an emotion. The author of the article tries to look at the concept from the perspective of the social sciences, juxtaposing it with selected notions of romantic love from the border of sociology, social philosophy, and theology. He considers that the approach according to which romantic love is presented as an emotional state may be interesting not only for the psychologist but also for the philosopher or sociologist. He points out that love as an emotion is not subject to moral judgments. Finally, he concludes that when considering romantic love from a sociological point of view, its emotional basis should not be overlooked, but closing the phenomenon in the purely emotional sphere seems to be a methodological error.
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The concept of “disability” has met a profound revision over the years, both from a scientific and judicial point of view, and from a cultural and social one. The actual change of the concept of “disability” took place along with the adoption in 2006, of The Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities, according to which disability is not a negative feature of the human being, but a problem of the entire society, which cannot adapt to the individual necessities of the person. The present paper aims to present some reflections on the evolution, from a legislative and a scientific point of view, of theconceptsof“infirmity”and“disability”,emphasizingtheethicalimplications that the adoption of some perspectives about disabilities could have.
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Children are entitled to freedom of conscience and a quality education, which aims to ensure equal opportunities, and develop their personality. The school is the strongest instance of socialization, being at the same time the gateway to the systematic acquisition and learning of desirable norms, values, and rules of conduct. But it is not the only instance of socialization:thefamily,informalgroupsofthesameage,thechurch,andmany voluntary organizations all play this role. An expanding social phenomenon, juvenile delinquency comes to highlight the generalized crisis in which the Romanian society finds itself in this period. In 2019, some 3,850 minors were sued, 146 more than in the previous year. The present study aimed to investigate whether there is a causal link between respecting the child’s right to freedom of conscience in school and juvenile delinquency, but also to demonstrate the causal link between schooling and delinquent behavior. The research method chosen was a qualitative one, namely case study. The documentation was made within the Prahova Probation Service. Following the analysis of the cases, it was not possible to prove the causal link between respecting the child’s right to freedom of conscience in school and juvenile delinquency. The case studies once again reveal the direct link between schooling and delinquent behavior. A low level of schooling favorably influences the chances for the minor person to adopt a delinquent behavior (a situation expressed in school dropout). On the other hand, a low degree of socialization but with a relatively high level of schooling also significantly influences the delinquent potential of the minor (in this case, the school exercises only its function of education, not that of socialization). In such a situation, there are teenagers who, although they finish high school classes and do not face major difficulties in the family environment or mental activity, choose an unexpected and inexplicable path for those around them: crime.
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The psychoorganic syndrome is a deviation in the mental state due to damage or dysfunction of the brain structures. It is associated with the occurrence of mental disorders manifested in the behavioral, socio-emotional, cognitive and therefore also communicative sphere. The article describes the case of a 68-year-old women who was diagnosed with the psychoorganic syndrome. The changes observed in her relate to significant dysfunctions in the areas of competence, interaction, communication and language.
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This article is an attempt to redefine the concept of free time in such a way as to take into account the nuances of the social determinants of adolescent leisure. Classic definitions of leisure have emphasized its disinterestedness, voluntary nature, and unproductiveness. Later researchers indicated that the issue was more complex. How people spend their free time is a derivative of their social position and cultural, social, and symbolic capital, and is also often a component of a chosen lifestyle or an element of identity. It is currently believed that how a person spends free time is also influenced by the individual’s gender, age, origin, and physical predisposition. In regard to youth leisure, the disappearance of clear divisions between work and rest time seems to be extremely important, especially in two areas: participation in extracurricular activities, and the huge role of smartphones and the Internet in the lives of young people, along with the associated “prosumption,” unregulated financial issues (making money online), and many other phenomena.
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The researcher describes her experience of participating in the 22nd Biennale of Art for Children. Discussions conducted as part of the meetings of the Observatory, a group created to observe and talk about events as an integral part of the project, show the polyphony of opinions about who is a child and what art is for a child. As Schütz points out, subjective meaning is an inherent attribute of human activities. People experience phenomena on the basis of their previous experiences. According to the premises of phenomenology, the discussions of people from different socio-biographical locations will provide a variety of visions. The author describes how the experience of people who are involved with art for children but who differ in their social and professional roles influences the planning of events for children.
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