Скала за творческа мотивация на Пол Торанс: надеждност и конструкт валидност на българската форма

Author(s): Kalina Popova,Dimitar Shtetinski,Katya Stoycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2008

Bulgarian adaptation of Torrance’s creative motivation scale was administered to five samples of high school students (14 – 19 years; n = 106 and 407), university students (17 – 43 years; n = 208 and 130) and adults (17 – 69 years; n = 375). The internal consistency for the retained 18 items (Cronbach’s alpha) ranged 0,78 to 0,84 across samples. Test-retest reliability was 0,77 for a 1,5-month interval (n = 253) and 0,67 for a 3-month interval (n = 112). Creative motivation correlated positively with tolerance for ambiguity and orientation towards achieving high standards in one’s activity (Pearson’s r from 0,31 to 0,39) among high school students (n = 106) and university students (n = 130). Creative motivation’s items were identified that differentiated individuals with high and low tolerance for ambiguity and those with high and low need for achievement. Creative motivation was also related to adolescents’ self-concept (n = 219). Highly motivated individuals showed greater self-esteem (r = 0, 38) as well as greater discrepancy between their Real and Ideal Selves (r = 0,22).

"ASSIMILATE IF YOU CAN; ACCOMMODATE IF YOU MUST!" ASSIMILATION AND ACCOMMODATION AS STRATEGIES OF MOTIVATIONAL EQUILIBRATION

Author(s): Sofia Chirică / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

This study is focused on what people do, cognitively, to temporarily feel in control in some learning situations within organizational milieu. The study uses the case of implementation of a new personnel evaluation procedure (i. e. case of learning of a new routine) to explore the doing side of personality. I draw on the concepts already traditional in the cognitive approach– schemes, goals and strategies – to evidence the different strategies that move people from some interpretation of the situation towards their behavioral goals. The central idea of the study is that the types of goals that people set for themselves in a situation are indicative to the assimilativeaccommodative nature of the process of representation of the situation.

"CHILDHOOD-YOUTHHOOD" AS SPECIAL PSYCHOCULTURAL CATEGORY AND ITS SPECIAL MISSION IN CULTURE AND ARTS OF THE XX CENTURY

Author(s): Olena Khil / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2017

Purpose of the research is to consider the image of childhood in the national music of XX century within the scope of symbolization of respective sense in artistic sphere in whole, in applied art. Methodology of the research consists of intonation approach of Asafiev’s School taking into account the spiritual grounds of the concept of intonation in signing practice of Christian churches. Position of stylistic comparativeness described in the Asafiev’s work "Symphonic Etudes" dated 1910, is of special importance. Contemporary performance approach in his actual intonation orientation is considered basing on the works of N. Korykhalova, A. Sokol, E. Markova, and P. Muliar. Scientific novelty of the work is seen in originality of theoretical idea of reflection and symbols of childhood in artistic self-sufficient and applied spheres. Consideration of the link with neo-rococo of XX century with the line of childishness in the art of the past century is considered innovative. Conclusions. Multi-aspect link of childish-adolescent is reflected in religious, scientific-philosophical ideas, imaginative tasks of artistic composisions and distribution of systemic approaches in professional education, universally including the consciousness in its logical quality of adult individium, but leaving a special place for extremely early profilization, including in music until now.

"Continuities and discontinuities. Educational program of The Planned Parenthood Association in Krakow (1957 – 1993)"

Author(s): Barbara Klich-Kluczewska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

The article presents the program of sexual education prepared and offered by Krakow Branch of the Planned Parenthood Association in the wider context of socio-political situation in Krakow (1956 – 1989). Since the beginning of the Association’s existence, the special attention was paid to the development of educational program, which concerned the different aspects of „family life“. The article is going to answer the questions about its goals, the educational tools used to achieve them and its social targets. To accurately determine the position of the Association in the city‘s community I will analyse its foundation and activities in wider context of the pre-war traditions of the organisation and the activities regarding premarital counselling undertaken by the Krakow Catholic Church.

"Dokąd zmierzam?" - duchowość jako wymiar osobowości

Author(s): Katarzyna Skrzypińska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Searching for and description of personality dimensions is one of fundamental problems in contemporary psychology. Researchers most often pay attention to the importance of the questions about meaning in life because they play an essential role in critical moments in human life, when functioning of personality is disordered. Spirituality is related to looking for the meaning of everyday life events. Up to now it has been studies as an element of religiousness or a transcendent dimension of human experience. However, as many results suggest, spirituality may be a separate dimension of personality, moreover, very important in the process of fulfilling the needs for safety, meaning in life, emotional and cognitive needs, etc. Existential and spiritual intelligence play a major role in when analyzing and resolving problems of meaning and values. Additionally, rational and emotional intelligence is also used in this process.

"Dopiero po amputacji będę kompletny” – Body Integrity Identity Disorder jako interdyscyplinarne wyzwanie – zarys problematyki

Author(s): Agata Dudek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2011

This article draws attention to the ailment known as Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID). People aff ected by it are convinced that a particular limb does not correspond to their subjective body image. This discrepancy causing large discomfort is oft en eliminated through amputations. After selecting predominantly exchanged reasons for amputation of healthy limbs “on demand”, the specificity of the BIID is presented with particular emphasis on current research in broadly understood neuroscience. Research suggests congenital dysfunction of the right superior parietal lobule. Th e last part of the article lists the examples of the legal, ethical and social problems that may be associated with BIID, while stressing the role of neuroscience in attempts to solve these dilemmas.

"Intâi inveti partea de tehnicitate, pe urma vine rândul intuitiei" - Interviu cu Ioan Radu, realizat de Adrian Neculau

Author(s): Adrian Neculau / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 08/2001

"Kwestionariusz przekonań politycznych": własności psychometryczne

Author(s): Gabriela Czarnek,Piotr Dragon,Paulina Szwed,Bogdan Wojciszke / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 41/2017

The goal of this article is to present the psychometric properties of the Political Beliefs Questionnaire. It consists of four subdimensions: religious fundamentalism and xenophobia, which form the dimension of cultural beliefs; and acceptance of capitalism and anti-welfare, which form the dimension of economic beliefs. We present evidence for the validity of the questionnaire in identifying political beliefs on the rightleft dimension. Analyses were performed on a set of multiple samples (total N = 1673). Evidence for the theoretical validity was provided by confirmatory factor analysis, correlations with other – conceptually related – constructs, and a moderation of the strength and direction of the correlation between the cultural and economic beliefs dimensions by political sophistication. Concurrent validity of the questionnaire has been demonstrated based on the criterion of declared voting choices. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated based on a measure of homogeneity and absolute stability. The results indicate the good psychometric properties of "Political Beliefs Questionnaire".

"Liniile de perspectivă" şi reflexele condiţionate

Author(s): V. Pavelcu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/1955

"Madness" in the fields. Analytical mediations

Author(s): Monique Selim / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2009

This article focuses on the analysis of the relationships that the ethnologist forms during fieldwork. The author attempts to define the double logic that innervates all ethnological research, torn between the cross-cutting subjectivations of the communication partners and the objectivation of social relations. Research examples are used to illustrate the argument which reviews the different relations between anthropology and psychoanalysis.

"Skala typów przywiązania do miejsca" według typologii Davida M. Hummona (1992): ustrukturyzowana jakościowa metoda badania przywiązania do miejsca zamieszkania

Author(s): Alan Mandal,Marcin Moroń / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 41/2017

The article presents the description of the construction stages and results of the validity analysis of Type of Attachment Scale, based on the typology of place attachment by David M. Hummon (1992). The Scale consist of descriptions of two types of attachment: everyday and active attachment, and three types of lack of place attachment: alienation, place relativity, and placelessness. A subject is ask to indicate which out of the five that are presented the description best suits their own relation toward their place of living. An examination of psychometric properties and validity of the Scale was conducted in a series of 3 studies on 912 participants. In the study 1 were 586 participants in age between 18 and 72 years (50% female). The participants filled out the prepared Type of attachment scale, Place attachment scale (Williams, & Vaske, 2003), a sociodemographic survey, and series of questions about the affective attitude toward their place of living. In the study 2 were 274 participants in age from 16 to 72. The participants filled out the Type of attachment scale, Place attachment scale and identity scale (Lewicka, 2012), and Scales measuring agency and communion (Wojciszke, Szlendak, 2010). In the study 3, with 52 participants, the reliability of the Scale was examined by test-retest procedure. The obtained results showed that Types of attachment scale is a reliable and valid measure of person-place relations according to categorization by Hummon (1992). Types of place attachment, included in Type of attachment scale, demonstrate a distinguishable profiles of sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. Individuals who identified themselves with everyday and active attachment were significantly stronger attached to the place than the other types of lack of attachment, differing with each other according to the length of residence and a level of place inherited dimension. Non-attached types have a similar profiles, that indicates a low place attachment. The place relativity type can be described as the lowest attached, with the highest mobility, the shortest length of residence and the weakest bond according to earlier generation presence in the place of living. Alienation was connected with neutral of negative attitude toward the place, and was described by a positive correlation with the European identity. A placeless type was reflected by a weak place attachment and low local identity, but a positive correlation with agency.

"Traim intr-o epoca in care oamenii de valoare nu sunt elogiati"

Author(s): Adrian Neculau / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 04/1999

"Unchiul Sam" despre români: Analiza unei heteroimagini etnice

Author(s): Ovidiu Lungu,Luminiţa Mihaela Iacob / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 01/1998

"Vous êtes gentil" versus "C'est clair": Impact de l'étiquetage sur le pied-dans-la-porte?

Author(s): Marie-Amélie Martinie,Valérie Fointiat / Language(s): French / Issue: 28/2011

The aim of the research is to explore the consequences of labeling (social labeling versus functional labeling) in the foot-in-the-door paradigm. As expected, social labeling increases the foot-in-the-door effect, functional labeling decreases it. Moreover, when labeling combines functional and social dimensions, a foot-in-the-door effect was yet observed. Results are discussed in reference to self-perception theory

"Переживання", "удавання" та "відчуження" в прийомах акторської гри театру ляльок

Author(s): Olga Evgenevna Buchma / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2009

he article describes the peculiarities of the psychophysical training of the modern puppet-show’s actor (puppeteer). There is the inner and outward dualism during the creation of the stage image at the Puppet Theatre and necessity of the synthesizing in the work of the modern puppeteer of the methods and moods of the actor’s playing (acting) according to different schools and directions using the patterns of Stanyslavskiy’s system, D. Didro’s theoretical works, B. Koklen’s works (the elder Koklen), the creative researches of B. Brecht. The article analyzes the unity of the "emotion’s art" ("experience"), "imagination’s art" and "effect of the rejection" ("estrangement methods").

"ТЕАТР ДЛЯ ДІАЛОГУ": НА ПЕРЕТИНІ З АКТИВІЗМОМ І ТЕРАПІЄЮ?

Author(s): Olha Velymchanytsia / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2015

This paper deals with a theatrical practice that became widespread during the events of Euromaidan – "Theatre for Dialogue". The studying of Augusto Boal’s "Theatre of the Oppressed" technique, which is the basis of "Theater for Dialogue", is primary in the analysis. "Theatre of the Oppressed" is not purely theatrical phenomenon – it lies at the inter-section of activism and social therapy. Being the reaction on the totalitarian regime in Brazil, "Theatre of the Oppressed" technique has become widespread all over the world, mainly in the areas with military and civil conflicts. So as soon as Ukrainian people faced severe social and political challenges, this theatrical technique reached our cities through its practitioners from different countries.

"Фокус-поле" як патерн формування моделі людини у даосько-конфуціанській культурі

Author(s): Dmytro Malezhyk,Hleb Khomenko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2015

The article deals with an interpretation of the pattern ‘focus-field’ as an original conception of anthropological model in Chinese religious and philosophical schoolings. The comparative analysis of theoretic and methodological features of anthropological pattern in the main Chinese philosophical schoolings has been given. After the example of original interpretation (focus-field) the human features in Chinese culture are grounded. The social determination of subject in Chinese society has been proved. Despite of collectivism ideology, China is famous by its despotism, where ordinary personality’s interests are dissolved among the society needs. The self in traditional Chinese culture are oriented on own society’s interests and traditions. It takes care of its own inner world more that of material means of human being. At the same time we can assert that such notions are stereotypic and they are affirmed by the works of Arabic thinker E.Said. He proves, that unilaterality of Western understanding of the antipole of culture is a result of the research within the framework ‘we – they’. Due to this understanding, the self-identification of Western world has been arisen. It also matters much in the establishment of Europe in psychological meaning. The formation of Ancient Chinese philosophy took place in the Golden Age (6–3 thousands years B.C.). In this period the main schoolings, such as Daoism and Confucianism were arisen. The ideas of macrocosm and microcosm and unity of human and world were reflected in them. In the center of Chinese philosophy is ch’i as a uninterrupted medium of dynamic vibrations, which determine the opposite forces – yin and yang. The harmony of the world in China depends on the interaction between the great triad Heaven – Human – Earth. Contrary from Indian philosophy, Chinese one is focused on the practical area and it is a base for collectivism as a state system. The main role in the formation of Daoism played Lao-tse’s works ‘The Book of Road and Bliss’ and ‘Zhuangzi’ by the author of the same name. The basic notion in Daoism philosophy is Dao, which means the road, universal nature of all things and it is identical with the western category of objective reality (being). Combining the meaning of Indian principle of ahimsa, Daoism claims the sympathy with every living being. The ideal of human in Daoism is ch’I, gin means naturalness. In China the main task for human was not release from the world but an adaptability to it by means of achieving of corporal immortality in way of Dao. Confucius, the founder of one of the principal Chinese philosophical schooling, supposed, that to be a human is to love all of people. Just reciprocal feeling and love for other persons distinguish the human from other living beings in the Celestial Empire. Following the rules of moral law of Dao, human has to achieve a level of junzi, i.e. noble man, or gentleman. Anthropological ideas of Confucius philosophy is based on the moral canons of human behaviour. Among the problems of human being the Master K'ung marked out zhongyong – the rule of the golden mean. Contrary from Lao-tse, Confucius pointed out not natural but social Cosmos, raised political and moral range of problems. He thought, that harmonization in society was the main factor of state development, which had been based on family relations. Famous American sinologist Roger T. Ames made an interpretation of anthropological pattern of the Celestial Empire after the example of its socio-political system. His pattern named ‘focus-field’ enabled to get to know a human image in China in detail, crashed previous stereotypes about the absence of subject in it. It was traditional for China to consider a structure of certain personality in the context of its political system. From the times of Sia dynasty, the Celestial Empire was divided into five hierarchical zones, or regions. This structure represented the level of taxes in favour of the center. This sun-form system of circle, which has detached by central focus, has spread with time in Chinese society. Positively appreciating of R.Ames’s pattern, researcher A.King proves convincing that in Chinese world all relationship are based on family principles. In his judgment, relations between leaders and directed persons are interpreted as relations between father and son, and relations between friends as relations between senior and junior brothers. Family as a cohesive similar ‘group’ is identified and focused in the center. According to scientist P.Arnheim, this focus determines the world order. Family, society, state and even tradition as an extended ‘group’ or ‘field’ remains as indefinite notions. This uncertainty of abstract connection focuses and becomes direct one during the representation of idea in certain father, civil activist, lord and historical model.

A new approach to the professional role of the school psychologist

Author(s): Ewa Sokołowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

The article is an invitation to discuss the role and tasks of the psychologist in the modern school. It advances the thesis that the primary role of the psychologist is to co-create the school environment and the educational process. Being a co-creator is the essence of the presented model of the psychologist’s work in the school system. The model covers psychological activities defined as monitoring promotion prevention, and intervention. It identifies the need to continually expand the possibilities of psychological influences and to create an autonomous vision of their realization. Adopting and performing this role in the way described in the model seems to be crucial to building the professional identity of the educational psychologist—and a well-defined and clarified professional identity is the basic regulator of a person’s functioning in his/her professional role.

A Virtue-based Model for Medical Ethics and Practice in Edmund Pellegrino

Author(s): Philemon Ayibo / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This paper deals with the resurgence of interest in virtue ethics in professional ethics, specifically as it applies to Edmund Daniel Pellegrino’s account in medical ethics. Pellegrino investigates in a clear manner the ethical problems of contemporary medicine from a virtue ethics point of view and offers a virtue-based ethic for medicine as an effective tool and a practical guide for confronting the challenges of modern medicine. His account builds on a thesis of the indispensability of virtuous character traits for a sound medical practice. Pellegrino’s virtue ethics offers a plausible and distinctive alternative to utilitarian and Kantian (principle-based) approaches to understanding and evaluating professional roles. It is hoped that our exploration of Pellegrino’s account will underline the place of a virtue ethics in medicine and stimulate a similar inquiry into social welfare, and into other forms of human professions and disciplines.

Adults Impact on the Reliability and Suggestibility of Children’s Eyewitness Testimony

Author(s): Neşe KOCABAŞOĞLU,Eda ERMAĞAN ÇAĞLAR / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of authority on the susceptibility of child witnesses and the reliability of their testimonies. This study, consisting of experimental and control groups, included 20 girls and 20 boys, totalling 40 children. It took place in two phases; an initial phase (“eyewitness”, “post-event interview”) and, one week later, a final phase (“recall”). In the individual interviews held with the children, a questionnaire consisting of a free narrative question and 18 open-ended questions was used. The free narrative question asked the children to specify the details they remembered about the animated film. The open-ended questions focused on the events and characters in the film. However, 12 of the open-ended questions could be answered correctly since they were about characters and situations in the film that the children had watched, while six of the questions were trick questions that were about characters and situations that were not shown in the film. For data analysis, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to reach the deeper level of perception and memories that children shared about the film. In conclusion, after analysis, it was found that even when the interview takes place immediately after the event, children are significantly affected by the misinformation given by an adult and their knowledge on the event in question is shaped according to this misinformation. It was observed that children create "a new event" based on the information they receive from an adult.