VERS UNE THEORIE SOCIALE DE L'INTERPRETATION

Author(s): Valery PATERNOTTE / Language(s): French Issue: 08/2016

The starting point of this article is the concept of deverbalization, which belongs to the so-called Ecole de Paris. Their theory decomposes the translation process into three phases: understanding (or comprehension), deverbalization and re-expression. This particular phase called “deverbalization” still raises many theoretical issues. In particular, the nature of its support (verbal or not), its voluntary nature itself or the way in which context is instrumental to construct the meaning. This interdisciplinary research uses recent results from cognitive sciences, translation studies, and sociology of communication to find building blocks for a broader theory answering these questions. Among those answers, we believe that Alain Eraly's social theory of communication has a privileged place. As a matter of fact, it allows us to deconstruct the classical “emitter-receiver” model; it provides a theoretical model integrating verbal and non-verbal dimensions into the meaning of any communication, and focuses on social interactions as a critical dimension to help interpreters in their profession. Among others, we underline the importance of empathy and anticipation to link different disciplines like theory of communication, sociology and conference interpreting. The aim of this article is to present this theory and to show how it can reshape the theory, practice and teaching of conference interpreting.

Między efektywnością a wolnością. Wprowadzenie do ekonomiki selekcji algorytmicznej

Author(s): Tadeusz Kowalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

Algorithmic selection understood as a process that assigns relevance to information elements of a data set by an automated, statistical assessment of decentralized generated data signals, plays an increasingly important role in communication primarily through social media. The number of goals and tasks filled by different types of functional algorithms significantly impedes the assessment of their impact and importance on individuals and society. The economic benefits of using them are related to threats to basic civil rights, including the right to privacy.

The Framing of Serbia’s EU Accession by the British Foreign Office on Twitter

Author(s): Oleksandr Kapranov / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2016

This article involves a qualitative study of how the British Foreign Office frames its Twitter discourse pertaining to Serbia’s EU accession. The corpus of the study consists of the British Foreign Office’s tweets associated with Serbia within the period of time from 1 January 2015 until 1 May 2016. The tweets have been compiled and analysed qualitatively following the frame analysis methodology described by Entman (1993, 2010). Results of the qualitative analysis of tweets associated with Serbia’s EU accession on the Twitter accounts of the British Foreign Secretary, Minister for Europe and the British Ambassador to Serbia reveal the following conceptual constructs which structure and organise the discursive space of the tweets: ‘Path’, ‘Positive Mood’, ‘UK Support’, ‘Regional Cooperation’, ‘Disappointment’ (only in the Minister for Europe’s tweet) and ‘European Family’ (only in the British Ambassador’s tweet). Data analysis indicates that the corpus of the examined tweets associated with Serbia’s EU accession involves neither instances of Euroscepticism on the part of the Foreign Office, nor conceptual constructs associated with the UK’s possible exit from the European Union. These findings are further presented and discussed in the article.

Diskursive Konstituierung von Wissen in onlinebasierten Social Media Plattformen

Author(s): Paweł Rybszleger / Language(s): German Issue: 9/2016

The main issue discussed in the article is the generation, transfer and management of knowledge in the social media environment (Web 2.0). The author assumes that the most important thing of the networked society in relation to Web 2.0, which allows unlimited reciprocal communication, is the inclusion of the so called networked intelligence. Intelligence defined in this way manifests itself in different fields (e.g. education, media or politics) and is formed as a total of all online contributions made by ‘citizens’ of the networked society. Any changes in learning processes, in politics or economy are subjected to the paramount principle of collaborative action. In this way, relatively loose specific subject- or interests-oriented social networks come into being, and their members may, for instance, work on collaborative projects (e.g. wikis), try to solve specific problems together (e.g. on blogs or discussion forums), or contribute the creation of common digital knowledge resources in some other way. The presented model of discursive knowledge creation comprises both the construction of knowledge, its argumentative negotiation and its distribution (content sharing) plus possibly the storage of information in a digital form. In addition, the article presents the role of textual and multimedia elements in the process of knowledge creation.

Interaktive Infografiken

Author(s): Magdalena Makowska / Language(s): German Issue: 9/2016

Infographics occupy a very significant place among many hybrid forms of content presentation. Their hybridity manifests itself through a multimodal interplay of picture, language, number and design, producing a structurally and functionally coherent whole. In the case of such multimodal messages also their interactivity begins to play an increasingly important role. A particular advantage of interactive infographics is the fact that they are based on mutuality of relations and they turn the recipient of infographics into a co-author. It is precisely the interactivity and hybridity that render infographics a subject of interesting media and linguistic analyses.

Tollpatschig interviewen oder interviewt werden – Kurzvideos im ukrainischen und deutschen Fernsehen

Author(s): Khrystyna Dyakiv / Language(s): German Issue: 9/2016

Short televised interviews are an interesting object of research, not only of contrastive media linguistics but also of communication analysis, text genre linguistics and pragmatics, especially as far as deviations in communication are concerned. The article offers a classification of these deviations alongside a classification of deviations in televised interviews that are connected with communication and language. Deviations in communication are observed from the point of view of the addressor, the process of communication, mutual understanding, the addressee as well as linguistic deviations. Similarities and differences between deviations in Ukrainian and German short televised interviews are identified, which enables the development of a model for deviations and a deeper contrastive examination of both languages.

The principles of communicative language use

Author(s): Enikő Németh T. / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2004

The paper aims to overview some typical principles of communicative language use in a cognitive pragmatic approach applying a reductionist method in order to demonstrate that the well-known principles can be reduced to a very general rationality (economy) principle. After briefly reviewing the principles the paper re-evaluates them and provides a new classification of them relying on the definition of ostensive-inferential communication. The principles which can be divided into rationality and interpersonality principles are really principles of effective information transmission on objects and selves. They refer to two kinds of language use: informative and communicative ones. The only principles valid for only communicative language use are the communicative principle of relevance and the principle of communicative intention suggested in the present article. Finally, the paper reduces all rationality and interpersonality principles to a very general rationality principle, i.e., the cognitive principle of relevance.

A communication reflection from Evangelii Gaudium: Teachings for Church Institutional Communications

Author(s): Daniel Arasa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii gaudium is the fruit of Pope Francis’ reflection on the 13thOrdinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, gathered in October 2012 which discussed thesubject “The New Evangelization for the Transmission of the Christian Faith”. We analyze the Pope’sdocument from a communication perspective. However, this article will not present the communicationtheories behind the text, but extract some practical teachings and principles useful for Church communicators.The title of the exhortation, “The Joy of the Gospel”, is a perfect synthesis of the Pope’s toneand intention, and brings one naturally to the conclusion that Church communicators play a particularrole in the task of evangelization, as sowers of peace and dialogue in the world.

Parlamentarni izbori u Nemačkoj 2017. godine

Author(s): Ljiljana Glišović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 15/2018

The paper deals with the semiotics of election posters, their ontological and epistemological functions, paying particular attention to the parliamentary elections in Germany in 2017. Compared are the appearance and messages of election posters, the relation of visual communication and political campaigns, and how election posters correspond with the main topics of the campaign and achieved results of the political parties that entered the 19th German parliament.

Możliwości social media – znajomość pojęć a użytkowanie

Author(s): Kamila Peszko,Urszula Chrąchol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2011

The authors of the article present meaning of different forms of internet community communication based on created social media. They point to the disparity that exists among the knowledge of Internet users communication forms, and their use. In the article defined are basic channels of Internet community communication as a systematization of concepts.

Zarys dziejów wieluńskiego krótkofalarstwa

Author(s): Tadeusz Baranowski,Adam Ustyniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2013

Krótkofalarstwo to hobby polegające na nawiązywaniu łączności radiowych na wydzielonych pasmach radiowych – od fal długich, poprzez średnie, krótkie i ultrakrótkie aż do mikrofal – przy pomocy radiostacji, potwierdzaniu łączności za pomocą karty QSL, uczestnictwie w zawodach oraz konstruowaniu urządzeń radiowych i antenowych do nawiązywania łączności. Osobną grupę wśród krótkofalowców stanowią tzw. nasłuchowcy (SWL). Na świecie szacuje się ponad 4 miliony pasjonatów, najwięcej w Japonii, USA i Niemczech (w Polsce zarejestrowanych jest ponad 13 000 osób).

Od bilingvismu к diglosii

Author(s): Antonín Vašek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2001

Bilingualism, its historical development, great diversity of its scholarly directions, all presented in its functional overloading leading, a.o., to the detachment of the new notion - diglossia (J. Vergote). The correlation between bilingualism and diglossia and the question of their present mutual independence in the specialized literature (esp. - as for the tautolingual communicative situation - in Ch. A. Ferguson). The present author’s vision of both the said notions, their identification and interrelation within the whole extent of the linguistic communication. The decisive dividing line between bilingualism and diglossia is then following the boundary-line between heterolingual (i.e., bilingual) and tautolingual (i.e., monolingual) communication. In such a way, the notion o f bilingualism can be defined as the capability of a speaker/of the collective of speakers to communicate alternately with each other in two or more different independent languages that are cummunicatively isofunctional and can be mutually substituted. So, the communicated reality as a whole can be alternately expressed by two or more language structures. The notion of diglossia then is to be understood as the capability of a speaker/of the collective of speakers to communicate alternately with each other in two or more language structures that are communicatively heterofunctional and mutually complementary, such ones synchronically constituting together solely one communicative whole (unit).

Image of a PR Manager

Author(s): Oľga Škvareninová,Alexandra Alföldiová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The study focuses on the three main types of the image of PR manager - self-image, perceived image and professional image. Its purpose is to identify all the image attributes needed fora position of PR manager. In the theoretical part, image is defined as the combination of both external and internal reflections of an individual, object or company creating values and awareness. The research part is the application of theoretical principles in the practical operations of three PR managers from the insurance sector and four PR managers from the bank sector. Research is in the form of an 8-question structured interview and qualitative response analyses. The result of the issue is an empirical assessment of the gathered information, studied literature and research. In self-image description the managers describe themselves as creative, systematic,reliable, extrovert, social with excellent communication skills. The perceived image of PR managers requires responsibility, friendliness, helpfulness, politeness and empathy. The professional image of PR managers requires a professional dress code, responsibility, creativity,excellent communication skills, openness to new ideas and experiences. Primary analytical and organizational attributes are considered as an advantage in the profession of PR manager as well.

Współczesna telewizja jako nośnik antywartości

Author(s): Andrzej Baczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

Zmeny novinárskej profesie na Slovensku po roku 1989 a informačné zdroje

Author(s): Imrich Jenča / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2006

Teoria komunikacyjnego działania w nauce o Trójcy Świętej

Author(s): Marek Jagodziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2010

Na tle współczesnej dyskusji trynitologicznej zastosowanie teorii komunikacyjnego działania przynosi pozytywne owoce. Przede wszystkim daje się stwierdzić jej przydatność do opartego na analogii ukazywania życia i działania Trójjedynego Boga, który jest w swej istocie komunikacyjną wspólnotą życia i działania, a poszczególne Osoby Boże są podmiotami konstytuującymi się w komunikacyjnych relacjach doskonałej miłości. Pojmowanie ich działania na sposób komunikacyjno-osobowy dobrze oddaje naturę relacji między Trójcą immanentną i historiozbawczą oraz gwarantuje poprawne ukazywanie relacji między Bogiem a światem. Komunikatywne włączenie stworzenia w trynitarną wspólnotę Boga prowadzi do komunii i trynitarnego kształtowania świata.

Identyfikacja aktów mowy przez uczestników interakcji w komunikacji publicznej

Author(s): Beata Grochala / Language(s): Polish Issue: 47/2013

Speech acts identification by the participants of interaction in public communication The purpose of this article is to analyze the public discourse in terms of speech acts identification by the participants of the interaction. The research material comes from two radio programs (“Radio Zet-Guest” and “The 7th Day of the Week”), in which a journalist interviews politicians. Political discourse is not a field of creating sincere speech acts, but rather a playground on which identifying speech acts is strategically important. The preinteraction is very important, which determines both the creation and perception of speech acts. This manifests itself in breaching the preferred communication behaviors, and instead using avoidance strategies. With the development of the discourse in time it becomes more and more authentic and discourse participants “truly” identify speech acts.

Јавно мњење и одлике медијског дискурса у Социолошком прегледу

Author(s): Zoran B. Jevtović,Tatjana M. Vulić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2018

If we observe social activities as a dynamic, complex, individual, group and mass engagement towards meeting certain goals and ideas which subsequently affect the behavior of people, this paper shall emphasize an increasingly important role of sociology of mass communication, which creates and shapes public opinion through its examination of the process of identification, selection, shaping, storage and distribution of information. Starting from the notion of discourse and the understanding that human sciences believe that discourse leads to specific activities that are concerned with a broader social environment and relationships, the authors of this paper use the method of content analysis of the texts published in the Sociološki pregled/ Sociological Review during eight decades in order to indicate that discourse can gain specific power to symbolically influence and transform society only through mass media. The results indicate that the first glimpses of change when it comes to the view and opinion about politics were noticed in the first text with a sociological and communicative approach (published in 1970), as it showed a slight professionalization of the creators of public opinion; moreover, the results have shown that the deep transformation began in the 1990s with a greater number of papers which dealt with public research, political propaganda, election campaigns, marketing, media systems, effects and theories. The fact that the number of such texts in the Sociološki pregled/ Sociological Review was increasing over time is also indicative of a change in the sociological paradigm and the democratization of the public, which nowadays cannot be pictured without media influence.

Donald Trump w Polsce. Analiza dyskursu prawicowych tygodników opinii

Author(s): Paweł Lasiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

This study is to present the discourse of Polish right-wing opinion weeklies on Donald Trump’s visit to Poland in July 2017. The author examines three areas of discourse: the use of linguistic and rhetorical techniques, selected magazines’ potential impact on their readers (transmission of ideas regarding the US President’s arrival to our country) as well as social interactions resulting from the creation of specific types of discourses.

Model pola diagnostycznego jako element wsparcia działań public relations w kryzysie

Author(s): Przemysław Szuba,Dariusz Tworzydło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

One of the key issues related to crisis management is awareness combined with the actual state of preparation. However, the awareness goes hand in hand with the resources and documentation that a given company has. This is the subject of analysis carried out within the diagnostic field.