SÛDÎ’NİN ŞERH-İ BOSTAN’INDA GEÇEN ARKAİK KELİMELER

Author(s): İbrahim Okatan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 19/2013

Sûdî, lived in the sixteenth century, is a writer who wrote commentaries to three works of literature as listed significant and basic pieces of Iranian literature. They are annotated with Divan of Hafiz, Gulistan and Bostan works of Sa'di Şîrâzî. These three works have not only been read in Iran but in the Anatolian area and widely translated into many of the world classic works. Sûdî's Bostan Commentary includes a significant number of words of archaic language that are really important in terms of our literature and language. In this article, the archaic words in Sûdî's Bostan Commentary have been viewed, the use of archaic words by other writers and poets has been compared and Sûdî has been put forth to wield a lot of archaic words. As writing the commentary on Bostan, Sûdî followed the method of other commentators and he gave plenty of places in his commentary to Turkish archaic words that could be understood at that time. Literary works as they serve the development of a language is a document that conveys the language for future generations. There are a large number of Turkish words have fallen from the use of language today.

YABANCI DİL BRANŞ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN YABANCI DİL KAYGISINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Berivan Tokur,İlhan Kaçire / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2015

The aim of this study is to investigate foreign language teachers’ reviews related to foreign language anxiety. The participants were forty-five foreign language teachers from ten schools in Diyarbakır province in 2014-2015 academic year. The data of this study were collected with structured interview questionnaire and analyzed through “descriptive analysis technique”. The findings revealed that the reasons of foreign language anxiety resulted from the content of foreign language curriculum, foreign language skills, out- of school language learning environment, teachers’ proficiency and attitudes, teaching technologies and social relations in language learning classrooms. It was concluded that teachers’ attitudes were more threating for students than teachers’ proficiency levels. Moreover, it was reported that high school students felt anxious mostly in the field of speaking among the other foreign language skills. Finally, It was thought to be crucial to regulate language learning environments according to the psycho-social levels of secondary school students as it enables them to be active and willing while learning and decreases their anxiety.

TÜRKİYE’DE ARAPÇA ÖĞRENİMİNİN ZORLUKLARI VE ÇÖZÜM YOLLARI

Author(s): Ibrahim Usta / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2012

Learning a new language can be described as “memorizing some of the grammar rules and vocabulary and to be able to use them in daily life”. Although being the most important elements to speak that language, grammar and memorizing vocabulary won’t be useful enough without a number of other tricks for the purpose of the language learner. Those tricks provide facilities for the learning of the language and take a major importance in the habit of studying of the person. In this study, the main challenges in teaching Arabic is mentioned, besides; by showing a number of facilities, it is aimed for learner to learn the language by enjoying himself.

TÜRK-ARAP İLİŞKİLERİ SONUCU TÜRKÇE – ARAPÇA ETKİLEŞMESİNİN ARAPÇA ÖĞRENİM VE ÖĞRETİMİNE KATKISI

Author(s): Ahmet Altun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 29/2016

In the latest years, teaching Arabic has become a focus of interest as a communication language in Turkey as well as all around the world and more common with the developments that the language itself has gone through. There are modern scientific studies on how to teach Arabic more easily and in a shorter period of time. As a consequence of Turkish-Arab Islamic culture formed with Turk’s embracing a new religion, Islam, there have been a natural transition of words, terms and grammar rules between the two languages. Within the course of history, a vocabulary has been formed with this natural transition both in Arabic and in Turkish. The existence of such a treasure, and that of similar terms and grammar rules in Turkish are known to be an advantage for the Turkish wanting to learn Arabic. This paper argues that Arabic can be taught to Turkish people more easily and in a shorter period of time making use of the said advantages. This paper deals with Arabic vocabulary and grammar teaching methods and techniques in an easier way by taking advantage of mutual words and grammar rules used in Turkish phrases and idioms.

PAST EVENTS

Author(s): Carmen Ardelean / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

TÜRKİYE’DEKİ KARAÇAYLARIN GÜNÜMÜZDEKİ DURUMU ÜZERİNE BİR İZLENİM: KAFKASYA’DAKİLERLE KARŞILAŞTIRMA

Author(s): Keisuke Wakizaka / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2016

While Karachay-Balkars linguistically belongs to Turkic language group, they have culture, lineage and social structure in common with the other North Caucasians and the borderline which separates an ethnic group from the others was not clear. However, due to ethnic policy in the Soviet era, while the mother language and culture of Karachays in Caucasus, the ethnic conflict between them and the other ethnic groups appeared as the most important issue. On the other hand, because of the absence of special ethnic policy, while those in Turkey faces the danger of cultural assimilation, relations among Caucasian people and their traditions before the Soviet era has been kept and Karachays in Turkey take part in political and social movements with the other Caucasian peoples today.

KIRGIZ TÜRKÇESİNDE +SIN-/+SUN- İSİMDEN FİİL YAPMA EKİYLE TÜRETİLEN DUYGU FİİLLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Author(s): Muhammed Ali İsmail Fakirullahoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2016

In this article, emotion verbs lexicalized from derivational affix +sIn-/+sUn- in Kyrgyz Turkish are morphologically and semantically studied. It is found out that verbs, which are studied, form a wide semantic value via affix +sIn-/+s Unlexicalized from numerous substantive, base and stem and these verbs have semantic extension.

«KUTADGU BİLİG» ESAS ALAN KAYNAKLAR

Author(s): Bakytgül Kulzhanova / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

IX – XV yüzyıllarda Orta Asyanın kültürel gelişme seviyesi Batı Avrupa ülkelerinden üstün olup, bu devrin Türk halkları için Uyanış Çağı olduğu tarihten malumdur. Özellikle X – XII yüzyıllarda Orta Asya ile Kazakistan halklarının dili ve edebiyatının büyük çapta gelişmesindeki yeni yükseliş, müslümanlar için “ilerleme devri” olmuştu [1, 4]. XI – XII yüzyıllarda Karahanlı devletinin güçlenmesiyle birlikte kültür ve edebiyat yeni bir gelişim seviyesine yükseldi. XI yüzyılda Türk İli – Türkistanın kültürel gelişme seviyesinin daha üstün olduğunu gösteren yadigarlar az değildir. Bu asırlarda yaşamış olan baba Türkler gelecek kuşaklarına çok büyük edebikültürel miras bırakmışlardır. Türklerin manevi-kültürel ve tarihi geçmişinde bu yüzyıllarda yaşamış büyük düşünen fikir ve ilim sahipi şahsiyetler, şairler ve dil uzmanları Türk edebiyatının yükselişine, gelişine ölçülmeyecek kadar emek harcamışlardır. Şöhreti dünyaya yayılmış El-Farabi, Ahmed Yükneki, Yusuf Balasağunlu (Has Hacib), Mahmud Kaşgarlı yapıtları o devirdeki ileri fikrin yüksek zirveleriydi. Ta o zamanlarda “Türkçülük” bayrağını yükselten bilginler, öz yapıtlarıyla dünya edebiyatının ileri gelen şahısları tarafından iyi tanılıyordu.

TÜRKLER VE KAFKASYA

Author(s): Elvira Latifova / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 14/2012

Caucasus can be considered as one of the most unique regions of the world in the number of peoples living there. This region, which plays a role as a bridge between Asia and Europe, from ancient times is an area of contact of different peoples with each other. The most numerous of the peoples in the Caucasus, are the Turks. Azeris, Karachays, Balkarians, Kumyks, Nogai, now living in the Caucasus, are descendants of the Cimmerians, Scythians, Huns, Bulgars, Khazars, Oguzs, Kipchaks and other tribes. Over the millennia, they left a big imprint on the history and fate of the region. Turkic peoples of the Caucasus are the heirs of the kingdom of the Scythians, the Huns state, the Khazar khanate, the Great Bulgar state, Alanya, Kumani, the Golden Horde and other states.

100 години Лекторат по български език и литература в Карловия университет в Прага

Author(s): Milena Přikrylová / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 33/2016

Między kanonem literackim a kulturą zwielokrotnioną

Author(s): Maria Delaperrière / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Contemporary cultural changes force Polish literary critics to constantly change their views on literature. Traditional literary canon is prone to stagnation and inertia, but multiculturalism may lead to a dangerous melting in the multiplied maze of cultural interconnections. Trying to overcome such antinomies, the author of the article focuses on the criteria that are important in the reception of Polish culture abroad. Literary canon is not regarded as a standard, but it is worth taking into consideration as an exposition of some general aesthetic, axiological and worldview changes.

Dzieje tłumaczeń, czyli o historii, której nie ma

Author(s): Jerzy Święch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Translations have been an interesting part of the history of literature. What has been their function and meaning in different literary epochs? Did they promote new tendencies or influence the creativity of the writers? What has been underestimated so far is the art of translation itself, that is, the development of techniques and styles of translation according to changes in the translator’s work conditions, especially the emancipation, secularization and professionalization of the profession, so that they have been seen as equal in importance to the writers themselves. What should be analyzed are the procedures and practices of translation, which can be interpreted according to contemporary textology. The history of the art of translation is also inspired by contemporary cultural studies, because it regards translation as an institution and focuses on translation discourse, that is, the complex of images, ideas and metaphors that each translator must respect when considering their readers. The tradition of translation is partly different from literary tradition in that the rules of ‘good translation’ promoted at certain times create a codex of a translator’s work.

Wielonurtowość polonistycznych badań językoznawczych. Próba typologii

Author(s): Magdalena Pastuch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article aims at creating a schema that can be used to structure Polonistic linguistic research. The author suggests basic categories, such as METHODOLOGY and METHOD, SUBJECT and SOURCES. Each category, though derived from a different area has specific and relevant information. Each research project described according to such categories would be clearly depicted and placed in an appropriate position within Polonistic linguistics.

Wielojęzyczna Polska – język romski w kontakcie z polszczyzną

Author(s): Anna-Maria Meyer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

There are a wide range of minority languages in Poland – including such languages as Karaite, Lemko and Romani. Polish and international linguists have been studying such minority languages and their relationship with Polish recently, but a lot remains to be done. Such languages are extremely valuable and they must be regarded by the Polonistic linguists as of importance. The article discusses in particular the case of the Romani language. The specifics of the relationship between Polish and Romani languages are discussed in comparison with the relationship between Polish and other languages in Poland.

Srebrny ekran i paryski bruk. Filmowe portrety polskich emigrantów w produkcjach zagranicznych i międzynarodowych (1976–2011)

Author(s): Kris Van Heuckelom / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article looks into the changing on-screen treatment of Polish immigrant characters living on ‘the Paris pavement’. The corpus of film productions under discussion includes Roman Polański’s “The Tenant” (1976), Peter Kassovitz’s “Mariage blanc” (1986), Costa Gavras’s “La petite apocalypse” (1993), Krzysztof Kieślowski’s “Trois couleurs: Blanc” (1994), Paweł Pawlikowski’s “The Woman in the Fifth” (2011) and Małgorzata Szumowska’s “Elles” (2011). As a comparative analysis of the films involved indicates, both the immigrant characters and the urban space associated with them are subject to gradual changes (although some remarkable spatial motifs, such as the balcony and the roof, make their appearance both in the older and the newer productions). If the earlier films tend to focus on the – often geopolitically connoted – marginalization and degradation of male (anti)heroes in the city’s historical center (or its immediate vicinity), then the more recent films shift focus to the urban periphery, where the Polish characters become part of what Dina Iordanova has called the ‘metropolitan multicultural margins’, along with other, economically underprivileged newcomers from various parts of the (postcolonial and post-Communist) world.

Varia: Rzeczy jako źródło pamięci ostatecznego. Na przykładzie „Kampucza, godzina zero” Zbigniewa Domarańczyka

Author(s): Bernadetta Darska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article aims at describing the genocide that happened in Cambodia. It takes into consideration its specific character and focuses on what occurred there. During the Khmer Rouge’s dictatorship not only were hundreds of thousands of people murdered (about 2.5 million victims according to different sources), but also negative symbols became connected with objects of everyday use. Such objects have become a source of memories about events which were final, inevitable and traumatic.

Les onomatopées et les théories de la glotto-genèse, II p.

Author(s): Danguolė Melnikienė / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2016

Les onomatopées, cette forme curieuse de la combinaison des « mots » et du « chant », constituent depuis longtemps un objet de recherche pour les philosophes, linguistes et lexicographes. Nées à différentes époques historiques, elles ont continué à prendre de l’ampleur au cours des deux derniers siècles et sont susceptibles de mettre en relief les aspects les plus importants de ce phénomène qui oscille entre philosophie du langage et linguistique. Dans cet article, composé de deux parties, nous nous intéressons aux théories de la glotto-genèse, créées de l’antiquité à nos jours, qui sont souvent considérées comme parfaitement onomatopéiques. Mais le rôle de l’onomatopée y est-il vraiment aussi capital qu’on le prétend ? Que se cache exactement derrière la notion d’onomatopée ? Cette dernière coïncide-t-elle pleinement avec la notion de l’origine, créée à l’époque antique ? Afin de répondre aux questions formulées ci-dessus, nous avons étudié de nombreux textes appartenant à différentes époques : des auteurs antiques d’abord (Platon, Aristote), puis des philosophes et des écrivains du XVIIe (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz), du XVIIIe (Johann Gottfried Herder, Jean-Jacques Rousseau) et du XIXe (Charles Nodier) siècles, et enfin des auteurs du XXe siècle (Otto Jespersen, Gérard Genette, Henri Meschonnic). Nous avons essayé d’y dépister les traces des théories onomatopéiques de la glotto-genèse et de les présenter à la lumière des recherches linguistiques actuelles.

POEZİYA DİLİNDƏ OMONİMLƏRİN ÜSLUBİ İFADƏ TƏRZİ

Author(s): Мəhərrəm Abbasəli Hüseynov / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 6/2010

In article stylistic features of the homonyms reflected in language of the Azerbaijan poetry are considered. The author on an extensive material investigates poetic and stylistic forms of expression of homonyms. The samples resulted from the Azerbaijan poetry brightly shows poetical-communicative force, a lexical-semantic originality of the homonyms used for expression of an art plan of the author.

GAGAUZ DİLİNDÄ EV HAYVANNARININ ADLARI

Author(s): Güllü Karanfil / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 6/2010

This article studies the agricultural terms exactly the names of domestic animals in the Gagauz language. The investigation is carried out on the historical comparative method. The author tries to determine the etymology of the names of some domestic animals. The investigations proves that the ancient Gagauz were busy cattle breeding and a great part of the animal names have common Turkic origin.

How to Write an American Death Notice: Some Guidelines for Novice Obituarists

Author(s): Grzegorz Cebrat / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The article aims at helping non-native speakers of English to write death notices, following the requirements of American tradition of the genre. It is based on the theoretical research into the genre, carried out by its author, who analyzed 1076 contemporary New York Times notices, according to Moves and Steps model of genre analysis by J. Swales and V. Bhatia. Having distinguished the death notice from the obituary, the author presents the communicative functions of the genre and its structure, consisting of seven moves, each made up of one to seven steps. Their presentation and brief analysis is accompanied by 100 patterns and templates, which allows intermediate (B1–B2) students of English to create their own texts successfully step by step.