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The vision of this article’s author on the psalm is that Tudor Arghezi’s psalms are read, in this case, differently than other scholars would normally read. The Romanian poet could manifest himself in both a contemplative and pragmatic manner on the very basis of an organic synthesis between the cultural-stylistic influences of the East and those of the West. Freely sitting on his own writing, the creator of the right words experiments with something absolutely new: ostensionating/ ostensiologizing of his own lyrical discourse (a shown structure). (I.P. – B.).
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We are living times when disease has become a subject as scary as it is obssessive. We hear people talking around us more and more about various forms of cancer – this disease of the century, whose cure is hard to find. Its weight burdens not just the body, ruining it, but also the psychic, disarming the sufferer and isolating him from the others. This is why I consider that, in order to face such a tense and discouraging state, it is necessary to understand what man is and how disease ought to be received. Only understanding man as body and soul and bringing into light the influence of the soul’s integrity on physical health, can one offer to the man of our days the hope of a brighter life, although shadowed by the presence of a merciless disease. Such an attitude relies on faith in God – our Creator and Healer – and is built on the awareness regarding the state of sin darkening the soul, which needs to be freed by repentance. The Church, by its divine services, especially by the Mystery of the Confession of Sins, offers the chance of the meeting of the physically and spiritually ill man with God – “the Doctor of our souls and bodies”, so that by this relation man may receive bodily but especially spiritual healing.
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This article is based on a meta-analytical method in which it is demonstrated the importance of Carols in Romania of today. Even the present society is not anymore composed by sacred elements, the carols have their role in the people's participating in the rituals of Christmas. Carols, who are the song of joy about the meaning of Christmas, are becoming more and more known as a part of our tradition, without putting people under some questions about their true believing. Carols can be heard everywhere, especially through media who it helps inducing people to liminality and preparing them for Christmas. Carols are a part of Romanian tradition and are ones of the most important elements in the Christmas rituals. Every Romanian knows that Christmas is coming if they starting to listen carols everywhere. They are the bond of Christmas with people. For Christmas period, there are many concert in the cities of Romania where people can listen to carols sung by known artists. Romania protects its culture and traditions through different rituals where people are celebrating the meaning of Christmas, learning that it is important to teach their children about Romanian celebrations.
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The main topic of the Correspondence of the two humanists consists of Olahus's repeated undertakings to persuade Erasmus to return to the Netherlands, followed by so many elusive promises, thus explaining the fear that Magister Europae has towards Franciscans and Dominicans, who were very powerful within Charles V, as well as his permanent concern not to be seized by Catholics or Lutherans. Besides this central issue, the correspondence contains the most diverse information that the two literary men were carrying out (theological, political disputes, all the novelties they used to exchange). So, in its wholeness, this correspondence brings to sight ”a communion of ideas and concerns, love for the promotion of truth and a constant trust in the possibilities of man to create a better world”.
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Pluralistic theology of religions seeks to assert itself as a new paradigm that has to overcome dogmatic and worldview differences among world religions and thus enable pluralistic unity whose main thesis is that all religions are equally valid paths of salvation. Many representatives of the pluralistic theology of religions refer to Paul Tillich as the proclaimer of pluralist paradigm relying on his last book “Christianity and the Encounter of the World Religions”. This paper provides an overview of Tillich theology of religions as it is represented in the “Christianity and the Encounter of the World Religions”, and examines how it is substantially and meaningfully different from the previous Tillich’s work, as well as whether Paul Tillich can be regarded as emissary of the pluralistic theology of religion.
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In his „German“ period of insight, Paul Tillich introduced the original theological critic of the nationalism and capitalism and tried to make the balance between the religion and society by the idea of the religious socialism. At the same time this idea is the result of both, Tillich’s dealing with the nationalism and capitalism and of his theological critic of socialism. Author elaborates some of the most important components of Tillich’s religious socialism such as the socialist decision, kairos and demonic wherein wherein, in the „American“ phase as well, the advantages and disadvantages of suggested relation between religion and culture are being critically questioned.
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Prayers or sacred expressions are common in most operas composed by Giuseppe Verdi. Desdemona’s Ave Maria in act IV of Otello is probably the first one to come to mind, while at the other end of the spectrum lies Iago’s Credo, the self-acknowledgement of a Mephistophelian character. The present article analyses Otello’s monologue in act III – Dio! mi potevi scagliar – from the perspective of the sacred, revealing a prayer uttered by a man wavering between good and evil.
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The communist regime controlled every field of the Romanian society, of great importance being the institution of the Church, very influential in the life of the people. The Church had its power diminished and many people were arrested on the grounds of their beliefs. Valeriu Anania, one of the major writers and clerics of the time, narrates his experience in prison in his autobiographical work, Memoirs, revealing the horror of the life in prison, but also the beauty of creation in such conditions.
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This paper discusses the work of M. Dragomanov “Slavs fables about sacrificing own children.” These fables are divided into three groups, whereas the second group is discussed here. This particular group includes fables on sacrificing one’s own child (a son) out of pity for the poor, a few tales from the Ukraine, Bulgaria, and two Serbian folk songs: Deacon Stefan and two angels, and True ordeal of the two God’s angels. The analysis shows that all fables encourage merciful behavior. Bad behavior toward the poor, on the other hand, is always punished, and good, desirable behavior, even if it includes sacrificing one’s own child in order to cure the sick, is always rewarded, whereas the sacrificed child becomes resurrected. Serbian folk songs also contain the motif of one’s own child sacrifice in order to cure blind or mute people, and here the child gets resurrected too. However, these songs differ greatly from the fables. Namely, they encourage, in the name of mercy, the breakdown of certain norms of socially desirable behaviors; like for example, work restrictions on Sundays—and this encouraged breakdown represents the main point of the songs. A request for sacrificing one’s own child could have, in addition to altruism, other hidden meanings, for instance, a possible punishment due to the breakdown of religious norms. The songs have multiple layers and meanings. In a nutshell, all documents assert the highest ethical principles of Christianity. Nonetheless, human sacrifice, which seems in opposition with Christian values, creates confusion and gives at the same time, a pagan note to these texts. However the author argues that all cited fables contain the connection: sacrifice—salvation—resurrection, which could point out to Christ’s own sacrifice.
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The article is devoted to the textology of the Introductions to the Gospels by St. Theophylact, Archbishop of Bulgaria, in early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions from Lviv. Th ese four short texts that precede every Gospel book have been analyzed from a textological point of view. It has been proven that all tetraevangelions from Lviv have undergone some editing, in particular in the Gospels published by Michal Slozka. All textological variants that are characteristic to the tetras from Lviv have been enumerated.
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The author of this article presents issues connected with the collection, compilation of and use of sources for the history of the so-called Warsaw Bible, published for the first time by the British and Foreign Biblical Society in 1975. Up until now, nobody had attempted to compile the history of the translation of the Bible. Nobody had tried to collect and develop sources for its history, either. Th e author discusses, in turn, the issues connected with Warsaw Bible editions, archival documents concerning its history, interviews with living witnesses to the events, reviews and scientific publications referring to this very Bible. He then presents the methodology of work with these sources. The aim of this article is to kindle a flame of interest among theological circles in Poland in research on the history ofthe Warsaw Bible, which will celebrate its Golden Jubilee in 2025.
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The article deals with the fate of Fr. Protopriest Lt Col Szymon Fedoronko, who was was an Orthodox military chaplain in the reborn Polish Army. Th e priest has gone down in the history of the Orthodox Church and the armed forces of the Second Republic. Based on archival sources, the Author discusses the successive stages of his pastoral ministry in the army beginning with the head of the military chaplaincy in Przemysl and Lublin through the Orthodox chief chaplain in the Polish Army to his martyrdom in Soviet imprisonment. His life’s path as a soldier and priest is presented against the background of the political events that were taking place in the country at the time. The author shows, among other things, the most important problems the chaplain had to face working in an ethnically and religiously mixed area.
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The subject under consideration in this article is the analysis of worship in Free Churches of the Protestant tradition. In the first part the author explains the relationship in terminology between the service of God and liturgy by referring to the early Church and the Biblical heritage that connects all Christian traditions. In the following parts the author attempts to define the essence of Sunday worship in Free Churches, focusing on dominant characteristics and main rituals. Th e author points out that one of the distinguishing features of the service is “planned spontaneity”, which defines the relationships between the components of a regular service and its unpredictability. Th e structure of worship which consists of Scripture reading, prayer and reflection on the Word of God has not changed since the 17th century, although spiritual dynamism allows for spontaneity that is always held in check by divine ordinance. In addition, worship is characterized, above all, by Biblicism, the lack of rigid liturgical formulas, spontaneousfree prayer and the active participation of the faithful.
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The subject of this paper is the western Church which was affected by a serious crisis of faith among believers in the 20th and 21st centuries. In closing the session of the Special Synod of Bishops, Pope Benedict XVI clearly emphasized the need for new evangelization to be at the forefront of the Church’s plans. Th e urgent need for new evangelization in the Middle East was also summoned. The topic is well known, in particular in countries with an established Christian tradition. Th e recent establishment of the Pontifical Council for Promoting New Evangelization also attempts to answer this deep need. Therefore, after taking advice from Bishops from around the world and consultation with the Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, the Council decided to devote the General Assembly in 2012 to the following topic: Th e New Evangelization for the Transmission of the Christian Faith. Th e introduction of the New Evangelization aims at the return to faith of Christians and the return of the faithful to Church.
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The article depicts, firstly, several theories illustrating the influence of John Calvin on contemporary society, then focuses on the strictly theological legacy of his teaching. Six levels of visible influence are then enumerated. These in turn are connected to the development of the capitalist economy, ethics of work, democratic processes in politics, Puritanism, reformed orthodoxy and neo-orthodoxy as well as to liberation theology.
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