Tradičné prvky v priestore súčasného mesta

Author(s): Zdena Krišková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 15/2015

The paper addresses the issue of preservation and transformation of traditional cultural elements in contemporary urban space. Attention is focused on northern Spiš, characterized by a proximity to Slovak-Polish culture, specifically on the town of Poprad. The paper documents preservation and transformation of traditions (based on Christmas) in contemporary urban environment and society. Tourism plays a significant part in the process of social and cultural development. The role of autonomy as a determinant of social and cultural events in urban environment is also not negligible.

„Dosyć nie umiem pisać” Dzienniczek Faustyny Kowalskiej jako wydarzenie piśmienne i tekstowe

Author(s): Piotr Kubkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The Little Diary of Faustyna Kowalska, a mystic and saint of the Catholic Church, is a frequently translated Polish book, and yet until now its study and scholarly editing has only been undertaken specialists from the Vatican. Kubkowski presents the Little Diary not only as a ‘text,’ but as a testimony of several layers of creative performance, editorial and publishing efforts. Subjected to more or less systematic reworking, copy editing, and supplied with a critical apparatus consisting of introductions, postscripts, chronologies and footnotes, the manuscript becomes a book, emancipating itself, so to say, from the shape given to it by the author. What is more, the very act of creating the entries, rooted as it is in mystical experience, evolves from a ‘struggle’ with the medium towards refined writing forms, constituting what Kubkowski reads as a chain of handwritten ‘events’.

An Infant in “Codex Iuris Canonici”

Author(s): Wojciech Góralski / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The interest of the offspring (their conception and education), as one of the purposes of the marriage, requires taking special care of infants, thus, minors in the Church, who are below 7 years of age. The expression of this care can be, among others, ecclesiastical legislation, in the area of which, despite organic family law, the legal status of the infant has been stipulated distinctly. As far as the live-born infant is concerned, rights following from their individual natural personality, among others, right to life, parental care, human education or reception of baptism have been stipulated. As regards the baptized infant, who becomes persona in Ecclesia by reception of their first sacrament (can. 96 of CIC), provisions of the code sanction their numerous fundamental rights, among others, right to moral and religious education, to grow up in faith or right to other sacraments. The traditional, ruling for centuries, model regarding legal position of minors, which dominated in legal experience of the Church, has been amended by the Second Vatican Council, the post-council codification of the canonic law has overcome former situation only partially. However, it shall be added, that the ecclesiological renewal influenced slowly and gradually the canonic legislation and the doctrine, and this process has not been finished yet, and a new, post-council codification has overcome the former situation only partially. However, the focus of the doctrine on the central position of human person in the canonic law has progressively become even more visible.

Legal Protection of the Unborn Child

Author(s): Lucjan Świto / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The article undertakes the issues of legal protection of the conceived child in Polish law. The analysis of Polish legislation and the Polish doctrine concerning the civil law situation of nasciturus leads to the conclusion that Polish law currently in force is contrary to the Convention on the Rights of the Child of November 20, 1989 which demands legal protection of a child both before and after birth. On the one hand, Polish law partially protects certain rights of the conceived child, and on the other — deprives it of the most fundamental rights, the right to life. Without the right to life, exercising any other rights by nasciturus is a fiction.

Огънят и свещите: древни, близки и пълни със символика

Author(s): Hristo Matanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2015

In this article prof. Hristo Matanov is writing about the role of fire and the usage of candles in human history and how they play general role in our development and evolution from Paleolithic era till nowadays and took their place in various religious rites.

SPRAWOZDANIE Z KONFERENCJI NAUKOWEJ „W KRĘGU BADAŃ NAD POLONIĄ I DUSZPASTERSTWEM POLONIJNYM. ISTOTA I METODOLOGIA BADAŃ POLONIJNYCH” ZORGANIZOWANEJ W BIBLIOTECE UNIWERSYTECKIEJ KATOLICKIEGO UNIWERSYTETU LUBELSKIEGO JANA PAWŁA II, 7 MAJA 2014 ROKU

Author(s): Marcin Nabożny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2014

Л. Илиева. Българският език в предисторията на компаративната лингвистика и в езиковия свят на ранния европейски модернизъм

Author(s): Ivan G. Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2013

ŚWIĘTOWANIE NIEDZIELI W DZIEJACH KOŚCIOŁA WYBRANE ASPEKTY BIBLIJNE I HISTORYCZNO-PRAWNE

Author(s): Marcin Nabożny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18-20/2013

Christians consider Sunday to be a Holy Day. In order to understand the meaning and essence of Sunday which distinguish it from the other days of the week, it is necessary to look at the process of its development in the history of the Church. The origin of celebrating Sunday goes back to the creation of heaven and earth, after which, on the 7th day, God rested (Gen 2, 1-4). The day was blessed by God and made holy in order to differentiate it from the working days. As such, this day is a feast of the Creator and His creation. Historical basis for the celebration of Sunday can be found in the Old Testament, where it was called the Sabbath. On this day, the Jews commemorated the creation of the world, the exodus of Egypt and the covenant between Yahweh and Israel. Old Testament Israelites understood the significance celebrating Sabbath had for their keeping faith in one God, their identity and maintaining the community. New Testament sheds new light on Sabbath through the person of Jesus Christ, who rose from the dead “on the first day after the Sabbath”. Hence, Sunday – the first day of the week, marked first by the resurrection of Jesus and then by His Christophanies and the Pentecost – has constituted a central point in the life of Christians ever since the beginning of the Church.First mentions of celebrating Sunday as Lord’s Day come from the apostolic times. They can be found in the writings of st. Paul (1 Cor 16, 2) and in the Acts of the Apostles (20, 7-14). First Christians considered taking part in the Sunday Eucharist, called, among others, the ‘breaking of bread’, a moral obli- gation. Eucharist remained a distinctive symbol of celebrating Sunday also in the post-apostolic times. Early Christian writers and Fathers of the Church deepened the theological understanding and meaning of this day (e.g. „Didache”, st. Ignatius of Antioch, „The Epistle of Barnabas”, st. Justin, Origen, Tertullian, st. Ambrose, st. Augustine). First legal attempts to regulate celebrating Sunday come from the 4th century AD. A new chapter in the history of celebrating Sun- day in the life of the Christian community was started by the Edict of Milan, issued by the emperor Constantine in AD 313. It established Sunday as a national holiday. Ever since then, the law of the Church has included norms and regulations regarding the content and range of celebrating Sunday. The issue was raised during many ecumenical councils, but the first official bill regarding celebrating Sunday was included in the Code of Canon Law in 1917. The obligation to celebrate Sunday was also emphasized in the Code in 1983 and in the Catechism of the Catholic Church in 1992. ‘Dies Domini’ an apostolic letter promulgated by pope John Paul II in 1998 also played an important role in the shaping of our understanding of the theology of Sunday and of the basics of celebrating Sunday as the Lord’s Day, the Day of the Church and of the Man. In the 20 centuries of the history of the Church, celebrating Sunday shaped the spiritual culture of Europe and, as such, became a centuries-long cultural heritage of the Polish people. Attempts to abandon celebrating Sunday, not first in history, aim to undermine tradition and destroy family ties. In the 21st century, celebrating Sunday still remains a key element of Christian identity and culture.

Периодика 2014 г.

Author(s): Emiliya Voleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 28/2014

Content of the main Bulgarian scientific journals for the current year in linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography, archeology and art studies

Чествания по случай 200 години от рождението на И. И. Срезневски в Русия

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 28/2014

Поклонничеството в секуларизираното общество – възраждане и особености

Author(s): Mare Kõiva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The article examines the revival of the pilgrimage tradition in modern Estonia. It discussed the examples of Catholic, Orthodox, Lutheran and global pilgrimage traditions as well as the so called new religious movements. The article attempts to examine not only the routes and the participants in the pilgrimage, but also its place, importance and peculiarities in the secularized Estonian society. It also tracks the historical roots and current trends in the development of modern religiosity.

От небесен пътеводител до комерсиален вестител: за стереотипите на ангелския образ в потребителските реклами

Author(s): Reet Hiiemäe / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The article represents the empirical study of the use of images of angels and their functions in consumer advertising. The aim of the study is to examine changes in the angelic image in the course of time and to question if it is possible on their basis to draw conclusions about religious beliefs and modern value understandings of the people in Estonia as well as in other countries following Western economic models. The study is based on approximately 50 ads (photographs and videos) from Estonia, Germany, France, United States, South Africa and the Philippines disseminated over the last decade. It should be noted that in many cases these are advertisements translated into many languages and it is quite difficult to identify which is their country of origin. Even more, this is definitely not the aim of the article as far as the attention is focused predominantly on the general picture which shows relative homogeneity.

Akathistos and Pokrov: A Case Study of Iconographic Contamination

Author(s): Nazar Kozak / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2014

The Virgin’s protection as the main concept of Strophe 19 of the Akathistos Hymn demanded an appropriate visualization. Thus in some of the Akathistos cycles the illustration of this strophe was definitely influenced by the iconography of the Pokrov, which embodied the same idea. Actually, the specific representation of the Virgin holding a cloth (in several cases looking like an omophorion) in her arms had been borrowed. We will discuss how this variant of the illustration of Strophe 19 had emerged, when and where it was spread and why? The Virgin’s protection as the main concept of Strophe 19 of the Akathistos Hymn demanded an appropriate visualization. Thus in some of the Akathistos cycles the illustration of this strophe was definitely influenced by the iconography of the Pokrov, which embodied the same idea. Actually, the specific representation of the Virgin holding a cloth (in several cases looking like an omophorion) in her arms had been borrowed. We will discuss how this variant of the illustration of Strophe 19 had emerged, when and where it was spread and why?

Virgin (Holy Mother) Iconography of Moldova and its Balkan Origins

Author(s): Tudor Stavila / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2014

The Virgin iconography of Moldova Among refers to rare models of Holy Mother, which have direct tangency to Bessarabian art of the 18th and the 19th centuries. Aware of irretrievable losses during the Soviet times, when monasteries and churches were closed (1957–1961), and cult items were confiscated or destroyed, it is too difficult to assess the national medieval icon, because of this void left of masterpieces from different epochs. This is also true for the Virgin of Moldova icon, mentioned by the Russian researcher Evgeny Poselyanin in Holy Mother: Illustrated Description of Her Life and Wonderworking Icons (Moscow, 1914) and served as a model for Bessarabian painters during the medieval period. The Virgin of Moldova icon from the Monastery of St. Nicholas, Kherson eparchy (the early 19th c.) is a specific interpretation of the 12th-century Virgin iconography of the Monastery of St. Catherine in Sinai; The Mother of God Pelagonitissa fresco (1318) at the church of Staro Nagoričane or Playful Child (Evhaitskaia, 1345) iconography at Chilandari Monastery, Mt Athos; in The Mother of God Pelagonitissa from Dečani (14th century), and similar icons from Skopje (1422, artist Makarios), of Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery (18th century, Russia) and many more. The article seeks to show how this iconographic model for the respective icons had been formed and developed, but also their common and specific peculiarities.

Икони на дебърските майстори зографи Нестор Трайков и Данаил Несторов в църквата „Успение Богородично“, Лом, 1894

Author(s): Rumiana Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2014

The activity of the icon-painters from the Mijak region grouped around Nestor Traikov (1840–1919) and his son Danail Nestorov (1870–?), who worked in the second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century in Bulgaria’s central and north-western parts, is a typical example of collective work. Still unstudied, their murals at the Church of the Dormition of Theotokos (1894) in the town of Lom on the Danube reveals various aspects of the West- European styles and techniques of that age combined with local art practices. Along with the memory of the linear-decorative principle, no less attractive is the highly original manner in which these masters from the region of Debar, Macedonia interpreted academic expressiveness. Unburdened by the instructions of any art schooling, holding views of art that were a far cry from the international standards, they made use in a really creative way of everything offered by the past and the contemporary period, painting ingenious and powerfully expressive artworks of significance to Bulgaria’s history of culture.

Стенописното наследство на банските зографи Михалко Голев и Димитър Сирлещов – между традицията и новото време

Author(s): Nikolay Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2014

The paper deals with the church murals byMihalko Ivanov Golev and Dimiter Sirleshtov. Their murals at 11 Orthodox churches in Bulgaria’s southwest are given in a nutshell. Ten of the churches are in the region of Blagoevgrad in the Struma Valley and the elevenths is in the vicinities of Kyustendil. Most of the examined churches were listed as heritage sites of undeniable cultural significance. These churches were built and painted in the second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. That was a very complicated and multilayered time at the close of Bulgarian National Revival period with these western parts of Bulgaria still under the Ottomans to be liberated as late as 1912; an undoubted achievement both by the master builders and the icon-painters, joining forces to establish the Bulgarian identity and to revive the Orthodox traditions.

Държавната политика в сферата на пластичните изкуства през първата половина на 50-те години на ХХ век и отражението ѝ върху църковната монументално- декоративна живопис

Author(s): Milena Blazhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2014

The text deals with key compositions in mural ensembles at the Cathedrals of The Nativity of the Most Holy Mother of God (Veliko Tyrnovo) and of The Dormition of the Most Holy Mother of God (Plovdiv) in the light of the developments related to regaining the Patriarchal dignity of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the mid-twentieth century. The decade following the World War Two was a time, when Bulgaria’s political system was subject to the Soviet totalitarian model. With regard to the Church, it meant pursuing a restrictive policy. On the other hand, however, the authorities spared no efforts to restore the Bulgarian Patriarchate, an issue of both domestic and foreign policy dimensions to it. The murals of both churches were made in 1950–1952 by teams led by this country’s most eminent Bulgarian historical painters, Nikola Kozhuharov and Dimiter Gudjenov. The representational programme was consistent with the political conjuncture. It was implemented in the vein of European academicism, the conservatism of which was close to the aesthetical concept of the method of Socialist Realism. Such plots and scenes were accentuated that could be interpreted not from the vantage point of faith alone, but also in the light of the dominant ideology. These pictorial ensembles would more often than not compromise the principles defining the nature of the Orthodox monumental and decorative church painting.

Нови музикални ръкописи в Научния архив на БАН

Author(s): Asen Atanasov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2014

In the documentary heritage of the Scientific Archives of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences there is a small collection of 15 musical manuscripts – 13 church-slavonic and 2 Greek. Archived in the inventory 6 of the music collection 14 which has a variety content, the manuscripts remain undiscovered for long. As a whole the church-slavonic musical manuscripts come from the Institute of Music. The Greek manuscripts entered in the archive by different paths. the 2 Greek – from otherwise. The first manuscript – a fragment of the second half of the 14th century (BAS gr. 22) comes from another collection of musical manuscripts (EHAI) and the second manuscript – short Anastasimatarion (BAS gr. 15) was discovered in the personal fund of Nicola Nachov (f. 63k). In recent years during inventories were found three church-slavonic musical manuscripts from the 19th century: Heirmologion (a.u. 12), Anthology (a.u. 13) and Doxastarion (a.u. 14). This work presents them for the first time with preliminary description. Their analytical description is a future task.

Предраг Матеич на 60 години

Author(s): Margaret Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 25/2012

Polska 1979-1989. Polski papież i amerykański prezydent

Author(s): Richard J. Fafara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2015

This paper examines the shared religious and intellectual conviction, toughness, and an abhorrence of communism of Pope John Paul II and President Reagan that contributed to the demise of that system in Poland. I discuss similarities between these two men; their approaches to communism; their meetings beginning in 1982; the hypothesis of a “holy alliance,” and conclude that based on available evidence to date, a strong case can be made that the Pope and Reagan jointly did more than any others to bring about the fall of communism, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the end of the Cold War.