Identitatea religioasă şi alegerile prezidenţiale din 1996, 2004 şi 2014 din România

Author(s): Andrei Alexandrescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 09/2015

The current study assesses the role played by the references to the national and Orthodox identity in Romanian presidential election campaigns of 1996, 2004 and 2014. The working hypothesis, validated during the research, was that, when some of the candidates assumed a certain political identity which included the Orthodox religious dimension and support for certain issues on the agenda of the official church, the balance of popular vote didn’t change decisively.

JEDINA ISPRAVNA STVAR KOJU TREBA URADITI U VEZI SA KARADŽIĆEM GENOCIDOM

Author(s): Tarik Borogovac / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Wartość pamięci i mnemoniczne struktury możliwości. Uwarunkowania pamięci zbiorowej w badaniach polityki kontestacji

Author(s): Artur Lipiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The objective of this paper is to analyse the conditions that have enabled effective diffusion of the category of collective memory into the field of social movement studies. This primarily concerns the evolution of ways to theorise the phenomenon of contestation policy which has gradually began to take into account the cultural dimen- sion of social movements, including the practice of assigning meanings that refer to the past. The paper also presents two theoretical-methodological proposals for combining the category of collective memory and studies of contestation policy, namely the concept of the mnemonic ability of the US gay movement and the concept of mnemonic structures of possibilities.

Политическите митове – нова религия, нова комуникация?

Author(s): Rossen Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Assoc. Prof. Rossen Stoyanov, PhD in his study "Political Myths - New Religion, a New Communication?" emphasizes that political myth establishes the eternity of the past, the inevitability of the present and the inescapable fate of the future. Myth is the armor of ideology. Political myth often claim the level of belief in the absolute truth of the sacred.

ОБРАЗ ВИННИ-ПУХА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ КАРИКАТУРЕ

Author(s): M. Voroshilova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2013

The article deals with uses of the image of Winnie-the pooh in contemporary Russian political caricature. The caricaturists employ this image to represent «United Russia» and Dmitry Medvedev, the former Russian President. The author points out that popularity of Winnie the-pooh’s image is caused by two reasons: first, that image has big precendency in Russian culture; second, importance of the image of a bear in political communication in Russia.

Personalizm jako próba jednoczenia „zwaśnionych” antropologii

Author(s): Krzysztof Guzowski,Michał Kosche / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2016

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest rozjaśnienie we­wnętrznych napięć, jakimi naznaczone są nowożytne ka­tegorie suwerenności i zwierzchnictwa ludowego. Służy temu próba odczytania różnych znaczeń sprawowania zwierzchnictwa ludowego, jakie wywieść można z twór­czości Jana Jakuba Rousseau interpretowanej z perspektyw neorepublikańskiej, humanizmu obywatelskiego, komu­nitarystycznej i liberalnopolitycznej.PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Analiza głównych tekstów politycznych Jana Jakuba Rousseau z uwzględnieniem współczesnych kierunków interpreta­cyjnych pokazuje, że te – rozbieżne nieraz interpretacje – należy odczytywać w świetle przedstawionej przez Rober­ta Spaemanna tezy o nieodwracalnym rozbiciu politycznej całości i rozdwojeniu egzystencji prywatnej i egzystencji politycznej u Rousseau.PROCES WYWODU: Realizacji celu naukowego ar­tykułu służy próba odczytania różnych znaczeń spra­wowania zwierzchnictwa ludowego, jakie wywieść można z twórczości Jana Jakuba Rousseau interpreto­wanej z perspektyw neorepublikańskiej, humanizmu obywatelskiego, komunitarystycznej i liberalnopolitycznej. Problematyczna relacja między rozumną wolą powszechną i faktycznym konsensem większości jako jej reprezentacją wynika z prób połączenia dwóch tradycji określanych przez Spaemanna jako klasyczna i nominalistyczna.WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Pozwala to ukazać we wnioskach ideę zwierzchnictwa ludowego jako instytucję naznaczoną napięciami wiążącymi się z mieszaną prywatno‑polityczną egzystencją człowieka nowożytnego.WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Projekt dobrze urządzone­go społeczeństwa, którego opis odnaleźć można w Umowie społecznej i Uwagach o rządzie polskim, ujawnia dwuznaczności nowożytnej idei suwerenności ludu, która może być uwzględniona przy jej analizie jako naczelnej zasadzie ustrojowej państwa współczesnego.

Vliv podoby exekutivní koalice na následné volební výsledky. Česká komunální politika v letech 1994 – 2014 jako výzkum¬né pole

Author(s): Stanislav Balík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2017

The Influence of the Type of the Executive Coalition to the Next Election Results. Czech Local Politics in 1994 – 2014 as a Field for Explore. This article focuses on the topics related to the research of the party convergence and its impact on the election results. At the research field of the Czech municipal politics we try to answer the question whether voters behave differently towards the members of grand and other coalitions in the next elections and whether that behaviour changes in time. The impact of the coalition behaviour to the election results of the four strongest political parties at the municipal level in twenty years between 1994 and 2014 is studied.Sociológia 2017, Vol. 49 (No. 1: 37-54)

Sztuka szpiegowskiej gry. Transakcyjne aspekty pracy służb specjalnych

Author(s): Jarosław Jagieła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Games played by intelligence agencies do not differ from games played by various players in the contemporary world. Transactional analysis provides a specific model of an interpersonal game described by formula G. An ulterior and masked aspect of a transactional game together with its subsequent stages closely correspond to the recruitment process employed by intelligence agencies when they recruit new agents

Samobójcze zamachy terrorystyczne jako rodzaj gry politycznej (w kontekście bezpieczeństwa XXI wieku)

Author(s): Iwona Latkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

It might seem that suicide terrorism is a weapon almost perfect. The man with belt Shahid is the strongest link in the wars that have been introduced at the beginning of the XXI century. The state alone, but also the cooperation of international organizations and institutions have limited resources in this unequal battle ideologically. Fighters, which dying in the name of faith after the psychological “treatment” at the hands of terrorist organizations, they are not only men but also women and even children. Machine, which is hard to stop, poses a real threat mainly to Europe, which has become a new area of recruiting power ranks of terrorist organizations

Voting Behavior in Parliamentary Elections in Slovakia

Author(s): Miroslav Řádek / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Department of Political Science at Alexander Dubcek University in Trencin prepared its own exit poll during election day on March 5, 2016. The survey asked seven questions that were aimed at determining the preferences of the respondents concerning not only the current but also past general elections. Interviewers surveyed the choice of political party or movement in parliamentary elections in 2016 as well as preferences in past elections. Followed by questions concerning motivation to vote – when did the respondents decide to go to vote and what or who inspired this decision. The survey also tried to found out how many preferential votes did the voters give to the candidates of political parties and movements. Final question asked about expectations for the future of individual respondents. This article is the information output of the survey. The interviewers were 124 university students and its return was 1,612 sheets. The aim of this paper is to communicate the findings of this unique survey, which is unprecedented in the Slovak political science.

„Ostrovy deviace“ v populistické rétorice Miloše Zemana

Author(s): Vladimír Naxera,Petr Krčál / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2020

“The Isles of Deviation” in Populist Rhetorics of Miloš Zeman. This text contributes to current discussion related to political populism. From Zeman's inauguration speech, we deduced three thematic areas (corruption, extremism, media). Based on these issues and using CAQDAS, we examined the correlation between Zeman's rhetoric and theoretical framework of populism. The dataset for our analysis consists of whole Zeman's textual production during his first presidential term. Our effort was focused on how Miloš Zeman creates basic elements of populism (the people, the elites, the others) in relation to corruption, extremism, and media. Our analysis has shown that some basic principles of political populism have been frequently present in his speeches. Contrary to some other quite often cases of overusing of the concept of populism and using this concept without any proper empirical evidence, the main goal of our article was (based on the transparently explained theoretical and methodological framework) to clearly show that Miloš Zeman is populist. Our research can be used as a standpoint for broader comparative research of populism.

Personality traits as determinants of political behavior: Ukrainian electoral and voting tendencies

Author(s): Andreyanna Ivanchenko,Iryna Ignatieva,VASILIY LEFTEROV,OLEXANDER TIMCHENKO / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2019

Now there is a sharp increase of interest in politics, especially among young people. Meanwhile, the psychological mechanisms of the person’s political behavior (its manifesting and regulating), as well as interaction of his cognitive, emotional, motivation and value factors with the political system remain insufficiently studied. The aim of this research is to study the influence of personality traits on political behavior in order to find out the connection between person’s individual-psychological characteristics and the degree of his participation in political life within the territory of Ukraine. The Five-Factor NEO-PI-R (NEO Personality Inventory-Revised) model was used for analyzing the respondents’ tendency to politically significant behavior. The survey was conducted in 2017 in Ukraine (n=1247, age: 15-50 years). A positive correlation of the political participation indicators with the personal indicator Conscientiousness and the negative correlation with the Agreeableness parameter were revealed. We have established that emotionally balanced respondents more often show a desire to run for office and rarely participate in voting. High results for Agreeableness and Neuroticism determine the low level of political ambitions. These findings constitute a new step forward in understanding how personality traits form responses in the people’s political engagement while demonstrating the Ukrainian political tendencies.

Podmiotowość megalotymiczna jako efekt populistycznych strategii narracyjnych

Author(s): Kornel Bielawski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article addresses the phenomenon of megalothymic subjectivity as an indirect effect of the systemic weakness of modern liberal democracy. By using Donald Trump’s narrative strategies as an example, the author shows how populism creates in voters’ minds an imagined reality of conspiracy, danger, and loss of human decency. The process of populist communication takes the form of a story with an upcoming decisive moment, the victory of good or evil. A voter being shaped in such manner sees himself both as a part of a significant and strong community and as a victim of hostile actions of politicians on the national and international scene. The voter in such a position begins to manifest attitudes indicating a desire to regain his supposedly lost subjectivity, the extreme manifestation of which was the attack on the US Capitol on January 6, 2021.

Kogo powinni się bać Polacy? Czyli o konstrukcji wroga w narracjach Zjednoczonej Prawicy

Author(s): Karolina Lachowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4 (256)/2023

The article’s main objective is to analyse the statements made by politicians from the United Right regarding their methods of arousing social fears and generating an enemy. The start- ing point is the concept of three levels of fear proposed by Martha Nussbaum: fears arising from actual events that create uncertainty, the displacement of fear onto someone/something unrelated to the actual problem but serving as a convenient substitute (scapegoating), and the employment of the idea of a hidden/imaginary enemy. These three aspects are applied to analysing narratives concerning refugees, Donald Tusk and the LGBT+ community, and “gender ideology”. These narratives align with the concept of “fear management”, under- stood as a manipulative strategy that aims to eliminate undesirable ideas/groups from the discourse by arousing fears towards specific phenomena and individuals, while positioning those in power as guarantors of security. The research material is also examined through the lens of Niklas Luhmann’s (2009) information selection criteria, whose concepts of social systems and the reality of mass media are adopted as the guiding theory.

Anti-Corruption Attitudes in Post-Communist Slovakia: “Hellfire and Deviance” or Political Socialization?

Author(s): Joel S. Fetzer / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The literature on corruption-related attitudes tends to focus on developing countries, test rational-choice theories, overlook religious influences, and neglect post-Communist but developed nations such as Slovakia. Academically, this article aims to test the validity of the “Hellfire and Deviance” and political-socialization theories of attitudes toward bribery by performing multivariate, Logistic regression analysis of the Slovak subsample of the 2022 World Values Survey. In particular, this study intends to find out whether: 1. an increase in belief in the afterlife drives opposition to bribery and 2. more frequent church attendance reduces support for bribery. This article finds that tolerance of bribery decreases with belief in the afterlife. Religious attendance also reduces pro-bribery views, but only among elderly Slovaks who grew up under Communism. Affiliation with the Roman Catholic Church or another Christian denomination seems to dampen enthusiasm for corruption indirectly by boosting church attendance and belief in the hereafter. Overall, these results strongly support the first theory and weakly confirm the second. The findings suggest that religion holds promise as a way to combat the scourge of political corruption in post-Communist, democratic Slovakia.

MEANS TO COUNTER PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE SPECIFIC ACTIONS

Author(s): Ioana Valeria Alexe / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

In the literature, in addition to defining psychological warfare, an important place is held by analysing its components, sources and forms. Psychological warfare actions stem from the possibility to influence people’s minds based on theories and concepts related to psychosociology. Psychological warfare is thus a true war of intelligences employing manipulation of information, misinformation and intoxication with information, leading to the opponent mental destabilisation, mental influence, and deterrence. Psychological warfare takes into consideration all the details related to the enemy target, beliefs, convictions, vulnerabilities, likes and dislikes. Once the target motivations are known, psychological operations can be carried out.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SELECTION PSYCHOLOGICAL SELECTION TO JOIN THE MILITARY SYSTEM TO JOIN THE MILITARY SYSTEM IN THE LIGHT OF THE MODEL IN THE LIGHT OF THE MODEL OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

Author(s): ADRIAN PRISĂCARU / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

The model of the “theory of multiple intelligences” seems to be superior, from some standpoints, to the traditional model and it could provide conceptual or practical solutions not only to the vocational orientation but also to the psychological selection. The classification of people according to their IQ, specific to the traditional model, is still valid and used by many practitioners. However, the pluralistic view on intelligence gets more and more followers. The new model accepts the fact that people have different cognitive powers and styles, which are specific to broad areas of human activity, and that their particular combination provides people with individuality.

Utilizarea Sarmatismului și Dacismului în generarea de euroscepticism

Author(s): Răzvan Mihai Albu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

PLEBS I IRONIA NIEREPREZENTOWALNOŚĆ WE WSPÓŁCZESNEJ TEORII REPREZENTACJI POLITYCZNEJ

Author(s): Mateusz Zieliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The article examines, from the perspective of representation theory, the placeof the idea of unrepresentable groups and individuals in contemporary liberaldemocracies. The author juxtaposes Ernesto Laclaus’ radical theory of populismwith Michael Saward’s liberal theory of representative claims. The analysis tracesthe discursive shift from “demand-side” to “supply-side” representation theory,illustrating how the logic of this shift leads to an “inflation of representation”,where the representation obtained ultimately does not bring fulfilment. Theauthor’s assumption is that the influence of new media creates a paradoxicalsituation in which the radical heterogeneity of the plebs returns at the level ofindividual experiences, revealing the internal contradiction of desires and interestsof individuals. Although this becomes a source of potential abuse, it also harboursthe potential for political subversion, identified in the article as the triumph ofplebeian irony.

Obecność emocji w polityce zagranicznej państwa. Studium komparatystyczne wilhelmińskich Niemiec oraz Stanów Zjednoczonych w okresie prezydentury Donalda J. Trumpa

Author(s): Przemysław Piotr Damski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The article aims to draw attention to the fact that the presence of emotions ina state’s foreign policy is not a new phenomenon but has also occurred in the past. It ispointed out that emotions accompanied the creation of foreign policy in Wilhelmine Germanyand the USA during the era of Donald J. Trump’s presidency at the intra-governmental andinternational levels. They were a manifestation of individual human preferences as well asa conscious political tool. Emotional expression, however, remained dependent on the cultur-al framework of the time and place in which they operated.