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Dlaczego Arabska Wiosna nie dotarła do Nigerii?

Author(s): Malwina Bakalarska,Muheez Busari / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

This paper attempts to understand the question why Nigerians were involved in nationwide strikes, that took place in major cities across Nigeria in January 2012, it was interpreted as a prelude to civic revolution, like it was in the countries of the Arab Spring. The immediate cause of the national uprising that affected all sectors of the labor market; the government’s decision which was announced on the 1st of January 2012, was taking the subsidy off fuel prices on the Nigerian market. In Nigeria, one of the largest exporters of crude oil on the African continent, by the end of 2011 the price per liter of fuel was 65 Naira. From January 1 liter of petrol cost 141 Naira. Protesters demanded the withdrawal of the government decision and also demanded that problems of corruption, lack of financial transparency in public offices and mismanagement of the economy be tackled in an open way. After a week of protests the government reduced the price of gasoline to 97 Naira per liter, resulting in protesting citizens have suspended street protests and unions’ strikes. The authors adopted a psychosocial perspective text analysis of the January events, focusing on the prevailing attitudes of Nigerians towards the policy and to pursue a common public interest.

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BETWEEN NATIONALISM AND EUROPEANISM: REPRESENTATIONS OF CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE IN BULGARIAN MEDIA, 2013-2018

Author(s): Yuxiang LIN / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

In 2013 China put forward the BRI – Belt and Road Initiative, part of its focus was to intensify investment in the countries along the Belt and Road including Bulgaria. Meanwhile Bulgaria was seeking for new foreign investment. The China’s initiative did not receive any reflection in Bulgarian media during the first four years. In 2017, the first Belt and Road forum was held in Beijing. Then during the period 2017-2018, reports on the BRI started to emerge in Bulgarian media and its coverage was polarised. The papers used techniques from framing theories to present how the initiative was presented differently in selected media reports from the online newspapers Trud, Ataka, Capital and Club ’Z’. Furthermore, the research explored the reasons behind the difference from the perspectives of nationalism and Europeanism. The paper argues that the pro-European media tend to see China’s initiative as a risk, while the nationalist media tend to see the BRI as an opportunity. The opportunity lies in the economic benefit from the short-term effect, while the risk is inferred from the political influence from the long-term run. From the viewpoint of political psychology, there was lack of familiarity and intensive engagement with China, which made the BRI perceived as a risk. Overall, the paper analyses bias in the Bulgarian media through the example of China’s BRI.

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Censorship from Plato to Social Media. The Complexity of Social Media’s Content Regulation and Moderation Practices [Author: Gergely Gosztonyi (Publisher: Springer Cham 2023)]

Author(s): Daniella Huszár / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This section does not require an abstract.If the question were raised, how many hours we spend on social media every day, either consuming or producing content, we would probably be surprised, even though we hardly ever leave the door without our smartphones. Yet we are blind to the effects we face and the manipulated reality influenced by the economic interests of the market players and the political games that go hand in hand. In his book Censorship from Plato to Social Media, Gergely Gosztonyi points out precisely this phenomenon. Still, rather than just focusing on what is happening in the present, he takes us back to the time of ancient Greece, showing that if we look closely, there is nothing new under the sun.

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THE ILLIBERAL DISCOURSE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POLITICAL BRANDS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ROMANIA AND HUNGARY

Author(s): Mark C. Lukács / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2024

This paper investigates and compares the impact of illiberal discourse on political brand construction in Romania and Hungary. In recent years, illiberal rhetoric has surged in Eastern Europe, significantly shaping political landscapes. This study defines illiberal discourse, elucidates its role in political branding, and analyzes the profound effects on brand development and public perception. By examining the complex communication strategies, the research highlights both the similarities and differences in political branding approaches in Romania and Hungary. Furthermore, it delves into the critical role of media in promoting and sustaining these political brands, alongside the societal and democratic implications. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how illiberal discourse influences political dynamics and threatens democratic values in both countries.

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QUASI-STATEHOOD ARCHITECTURE IN EASTERN UKRAINE: THE CASE OF ‘DONETSK PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC’

Author(s): Andra Karla Anghel-Sienerth / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2024

This paper analyzes the state-building process in the self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic from the governance perspective in the period 2014-2022. We start by looking at the nation- and state-building processes aimed at providing internal and external legitimacy to the newly-emerged polity. Furthermore, we analyze certain governance issues (constitutional arrangements, state architecture and consolidation, governance fields, governance under crisis etc.), which provide an account of the degree in which DPR can fulfill its functions as a state. We argue that the establishment of the polity and its heavy reliance on the sponsor state is consistent with the pattern of quasi-statehood that emerged in the post-Soviet space. Finally, we consider the future developments of DPR statehood in the aftermath of the current military conflict between Ukraine and Russia, with its broader geopolitical implications.

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The War of Vladimir. Nationalism, Narcissism, and Childhood Battles

Author(s): Juan Garcia-Garcia / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2024

The war in Ukraine has had enormous media coverage in the West, generating a wide-ranging debate concerning its origins, responsibilities, and consequences. The debate in the media raises an interesting question seldom explored in the study of nations and nationalism, specifically, the scarce incidence or penetration by expert knowledge into the theories of common sense and profane knowledge. In fact, despite the current consolidation in the scientific literature of the constructionist and modernist paradigm – of a sociological nature – other visions and interpretations of the past continue to be widely accepted and popularized beyond academia. This article analyzes the weight and influence of psychology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis in the social representation of nationalism. The persistence of psychopathological language in the profane interpretation of the conflict is explored using the discourse of the press and, in particular, the opinion columns published in various Western countries during the first weeks of the war. The article shows that the criticism and denunciation of nationalism are still being formulated nowadays with the voices of psychology and psychiatry, the psychodynamic vision of the authoritarian, and the vulgarized portrayal of Adolf Hitler.

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U KONTAKTU LIČNOG I POLITIČKOG – GDE JE MESTO GEŠTALT PSIHOTERAPIJE?

Author(s): Andrijana Taskov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 11/2024

The paper examines the relation between the personal and the political and explores the place of Gestalt psychotherapy, as well as the role of Gestalt psychotherapists in this relation. The paper is predominantly theoretically focused, with suggestions for possible interventions in the political field. After an initial review of the relation between the personal and the political, the first section briefly presents the field theory, as a ground for including the political in the field of psychotherapy, and gives a historical account of the development of the political aspect of Gestalt psychotherapy. The key theoretical contributions of Gestalt therapy to the understanding of key concepts of the political field are particularly highlighted: of human nature, the origin and dynamics of aggression, the nature of conflicts. The paper contrasts Gestalt with the psychoanalytic paradigm, whose core ideas of human nature are incorporated into political theory. The second section of the paper outlines deep challenges and dominant changes of the contemporary global social and political field. In order to understand the effectiveness of potential interventions, and for methodological purposes, the social and political fields are placed in the gestalt cycle of experience of the entire human global field and are differentiated by the contact functions assigned to them. The third section discusses ways in which Gestalt therapy theory and practitioners can respond to the perceived challenges. Concluding remarks synthesize presented ideas into outlook for the future with emphasis on relational approach and creative possibilities of Gestalt therapy and its practitioners.

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MARG BAR SZAH! – O IRAŃSKICH PLAKATACH PROPAGANDOWYCH Z PUNKTU WIDZENIA PSYCHOLOGII POLITYKI

Author(s): Piotr Szustakiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3-4/2023

During the Islamic Revolution and the war with Iraq, Iran used propaganda on an unprecedented scale. The dominant form of Iranian persuasion art was posters. So far, they have been analyzed mainly from the point of view of art history, cultural studies, or sociology. In this article, the author aims to study them from the point of view of political science, in particular the psychology of politics and the study of hostility. War and revolution are a period of increased escalation of hostility in the public space. Therefore, sources depicting the enemies of the Islamic Republic of Iran were chosen as the field of analysis. For the sake of clarity, an outline of the history of Iranian propaganda and a theoretical framework for hostility and dehumanization in political science are presented.

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What Young People Know and Think They Know about Politics: Factors Influencing Political Knowledge among Romanian First-Time Voters

Author(s): Nicoleta Corbu,Dana Raluca Buturoiu,Mădălina Boţan,Valeriu Frunzaru / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

As they approach voting age, young people aged 17 to 19 years old are at a significant turning point in their political development. In this formative stage, their perceptions and understanding of the political landscape depend, among other things, on the diversity of information sources and content to which they are exposed to on a daily basis. In such a context, political knowledge plays a key role in informed decision-making for first-time voters. However, many young people tend to overestimate their levels of political knowledge, a phenomenon explained by the Dunning-Kruger effect. This study examines factors influencing both factual and perceived political knowledge among Romanian high school students (N=519). The main findings reveal a significant discrepancy between the actual political knowledge of young people and their perceived understanding of political matters. Political efficacy (the belief in one’s ability to understand and engage in politics) proves to be a strong predictor of both factual and perceived political knowledge. Those with high levels of political efficacy are not only more informed but also believe they know more about politics than their peers. Furthermore, results show that young people who believe they know more than their peers about political affairs consume more mainstream media news, but no other correlation of political knowledge with news consumption is significant. Additionally, while male students perceive themselves as more knowledgeable than females, no significant gender differences in factual knowledge were observed. These findings highlight the need for educational strategies to improve both political knowledge and efficacy, contributing to a more informed and participatory youth electorate in Romania.

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Лингвистични характеристики на устния дискурс в политическата сатира (наблюдения върху видеоблог във Фейсбук)

Author(s): Silvena Stavreva-Dorostolska / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The processes of transformation and affirmation of new forms in oral communication have been very intense in the last decade. Social networks have provided a platform for sharing not only written but also audio-visual outputs. The popularity of the vlogs quickly grew, and some of their creators acquired the status of influencers. A current phenomenon on Facebook is the political satire video blog of the Bulgarian journalist, public figure and inspirer of various volunteer initiatives, Tatiana Christy. The present article analyzes some modern linguistic features of oral discourse that appear in Christy’s clips. The paths through which political satire moves from press, stage and cinema to the social network in the form of short videos are traced, exploring the establishment of new genre boundaries. The audience’s perceptual transformations are also an object of analysis.

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Половата роля като психологически феномен – механизми за формиране

Author(s): Tsvetan Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

Gender is a social construct, it is not formed by nature, but by the ideas of people, materialized in sustainable forms of social practices. A key direction in the formation of gender is the construction of its intergender boundaries, which also contain its essence. The logic of this process is simple: "A man is not a woman, and a woman is not a man." Gender is constructed by emphasizing these differences using a variety of mechanisms, among which consumption occupies an important place. The category social sex (gender) does not describe individual characteristics, but an individual reality imposing its patterns on the individuals who fall into it

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Negative Determinants of CSR Support by Generation Z in Central Europe: Gender-Sensitive Impacts of Infodemic in 'COVID-19' Era

Author(s): Martin Hála,Radka MacGregor Pelikánová,Filip Rubáček / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The success of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) depends upon the active support of all stakeholders. Thus, it is highly relevant and becomes the goal of this paper to perform a pilot case study of the negative determinants of readiness of the new Central European generation of financially sufficiently strong consumers to support CSR, in particular, to answer two research questions: (i) which is the prevailing determinant and (ii) whether it is gender-sensitive. Therefore, 53 male and 53 female Generation Z students from a private university in Prague, ready to pay a CSR bonus, were surveyed in the summer of 2021 regarding the negative determinants of their decisions. The collected answers were statistically processed via cross-tabulation and chi-squared test measures, and the dependence between negative determinants and genders was considered to answer both research questions. The data analysis implies four prevailing negative determinants, two of them related to the infodemic, represented differently by male and female members of Generation Z. This leads to propositions linked to prior studies and advancing them in a new direction. Namely, this indicative pilot case study suggests that Generation Z's readiness to support CSR by paying a CSR bonus is eroded by the infodemic and that male members of Generation Z are more sensitive in this respect than female members. Implications for Central European audience: This article targets the underestimated issue of factors deterring committed young consumers from their support to sustainability via their readiness to pay a CSR bonus. It empirically points out the relevance of proper information and the negative and gender-sensitive impacts of the infodemic. Theoretical implications include a pioneering contribution to the conceptual appreciation, methodological processing and assessment of particular aspects of infodemic and negative CSR determinants for an emerging cohort of Central European consumers. Practical implications include the dramatic importance of enhancement of awareness and practical suggestions regarding how to inform these male and female consumers and engage them in sustainability and CSR.

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Psychological analysis of the problem of post-truth in Bulgaria

Author(s): Desislava Damyanova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The subject of this article is the dichotomy between reality and falsehood (information vs. disinformation) in the media environment of Bulgaria and its effects on society, public governance and crowd psychology as a whole. Where is the truth behind the loud titles? How did we reach the age of the so called “post-truth”? Why are modern media and social networks abounding in misleading messages that spread like a virus in society? We will also try to answer the question: why did the public image of the European Union suddenly become so unattractive in some East and Central European countries? And another key issue - why is the ‘nationalist trend’ in the political psychology so profitable in Bulgaria as well as in other East-European countries?

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Racionalita komunikačnej odozvy podniku ako základ posilňovania community managementu v online prostredí

Author(s): Adam Madleňák / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

The growing influence of freedom of expression is increasingly evident in the expanding online space, where individuals share various opinions, often without regard for their truthfulness or credibility. This trend is particularly noticeable in the marketing communications of businesses, which, in their efforts to enhance their reputation or maintain a consumer-friendly image, must actively respond to these online comments. To effectively manage their reputation, businesses not only need to track and identify mentions of their company and products in the digital world but also prepare appropriate communication responses. These responses are key to building and nurturing customer relationships, forming an essential part of a strategic community management approach. The article, drawing from empirical survey results, emphasizes a key conclusion: businesses generally prefer to offer brief, factual responses rather than in-depth explanations when addressing public feedback. This approach aims to curb the spread of misinformation, ensuring that responses remain clear and direct while minimizing the risk of distortion, incompleteness, or falsehoods in the information shared with the public

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Globálna kultúra opičenia sa v kontexte politizácie inštitútu prázdneho kresla

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Globálna kultúra opičenia sa v kontexte politizácie inštitútu prázdneho kresla

Author(s): Anna Sámelová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

Drawing on theoretical frames of the empty chair institute in legacy media and the spread of cultural patterns in monkey communities and human society, this study clarifies the linkage between the mediatization of politics and the politicisation of such pure professional issue as is the symbol of the empty chair in the broadcast. The main objective is to point out that politicians who consciously expose critical legacy media to the necessity of using an empty chair are simultaneously emotionalising and politicising this professional issue in non-critical media and on their online media platforms as part of their self-presentation.

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Pohled na vítěze: Peter Pellegrini v prezidentských volbách na Slovensku 2024

Author(s): Pavel Hynčica,Daniel Šárovec / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2024

The 2024 presidential elections in Slovakia were, after the 2023 parliamentary elections, another crucial indicator of where the country will go. From the nine candidates, the two strongest – Peter Pellegrini and Ivan Korčok – finally advanced to the second round. This political battle significantly reflected the divided Slovak political scene and Slovak society. Although Ivan Korčok won in the first round, Peter Pellegrini scored a more significant win in the second round. This analysis focuses on the political influence of Peter Pellegrini on the Slovak political scene. The article takes note of the context and circum- stances under which this politician – until recently the chairman of the HLAS-SD party – decided to run for the position of president, further to the analysis of his election campaign and finally to the analysis of the election results achieved in the first and second rounds of the presidential elections. Ultimately, the goal is a critical evaluation of Peter Pellegrini‘s electoral success in the context of the characteristic features of current Slovak politics and the consequences that this result may have for its further formation and development.

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Що робити з виборами, якщо війна триватиме?

Author(s): Pyotr Andrusechko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 07/2024

The article delves into the challenges and political considerations surrounding elections in Ukraine during wartime. It highlights the constitutional and legal obstacles, such as the prohibition of elections during martial law and the potential dangers in conflict zones. The text underscores the consensus among political forces to delay elections until the war ends, emphasizing the necessity for safety and fairness. The legitimacy of President Zelensky is also discussed, with Russian propaganda questioning his continued presidency amidst the war. The article explores the implications of holding elections during conflict, drawing attention to the potential risks to Ukrainian democracy and the public's fear that elections might weaken the country. Additionally, it touches on the influence of international opinions and the strategic decisions required to maintain stability and democratic principles in Ukraine.

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Конспект розмови „Як ми назвемо цю війну?“

Author(s): Anastasiia Klymenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 04/2024

In a compelling discussion at the Kyiv Book Arsenal, Ukrainian intellectuals examined the multifaceted nature of the ongoing war, emphasizing its narrative and psychological dimensions. The panelists, including writers and philosophers, highlighted the importance of countering Russian propaganda and asserting Ukraine’s own narrative. They explored the historical roots of Russian narratives and the need for Ukraine to communicate its perspective effectively to the world. The conversation also delved into the psychological impact of the war on Ukrainian society, the role of identity, and the significance of maintaining cultural resilience. The dialogue underscored the necessity of strategic communication and the power of storytelling in shaping public perception and international support for Ukraine.

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„Х…й вам, а не Суми!“

Author(s): Pyotr Andrusechko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 03/2024

In the wake of Russia’s 2014 aggression against Ukraine, the strategic significance of cities like Kharkiv and Odessa has been underscored by relentless attacks. Ukrainian forces have shown remarkable resilience, breaking naval blockades and maintaining crucial export routes. The geopolitical stakes are high, with NATO’s involvement and the necessity for Western support being pivotal. The ongoing conflict tests European unity and the strength of international alliances. The narrative calls for increased military and logistical aid to Ukraine to counter Russian advances and ensure European stability. The resilience of Ukrainian forces and the broader implications for European security are central themes.

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Andrij Zelinskyj: „Říká se, že ve válce nenajdete ateisty, ale není to pravda. Jsou tady také, setkával jsem se s nimi, můžu vám ukázat, ve kterém zákopu. Ve válce ale nenajdete lidi, kteří by nezměnili své životní priority.“

Author(s): Lenka Víchová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2024

In the midst of war, priorities shift dramatically, as noted by Andrij Zelinskyj, a Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest and military chaplain. He highlights the transformation of life since 2014, with the entire nation becoming a frontline after the 2022 invasion. The resilience of Ukrainians is evident in their ability to adapt and find unity in the face of constant danger. Zelinskyj emphasizes the importance of mental and spiritual support for soldiers, noting the critical role of military chaplains in maintaining morale and humanity. The integration of chaplains into the military structure has evolved, reflecting a broader societal demand for spiritual guidance. This adaptation is crucial for the psychological well-being of soldiers, who must navigate the harsh realities of war while preserving their humanity. The narrative underscores the profound impact of war on personal and national identity, highlighting the need for continuous support and adaptation.

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