Tax revenue and economic growth in developing country: an autoregressive distribution lags approach

Author(s): Mnaku Honest Maganya / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2020

Tanzania, like most other developing countries, faces numerous economic challenges in striving to achieve sustainable economic growth and development through taxation. In the literature, the debate on how effective taxes are as a tool for promoting economic growth and economic development remains inconclusive, as various research have reported mixed effects of tax on economic growth. This article investigates the effect of taxation on economic growth in Tanzania using the recently developed technique of autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) bounds testing procedure for the period from 1996 to 2019. Various preliminary tests were conducted including stationary tests as well as the pairwise Granger causality test. According to the results obtained, domestic goods and services (TGS) taxes are positively related to GDP growth and are statistically significant at 1% level. Income taxes, on the other hand, were found to be negatively related to GDP growth and to be statistically significant at 5% level. The pair-wise Granger causality results indicated that there is bidirectional Granger causality between TGS and GDP growth at 1 % significance level. The government should aim at growing, nurturing and sustaining tax base to positively drive economic growth even further.

DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AGGREGATE OF ACCOUNTING EARNINGS BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FOR PREDICTING FUTURE GDP

Author(s): Sumiyana Sumiyana / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This study investigates the relationship between the aggregate of accounting earnings and the future Gross Domestic Product (GDP) differentiating between developed and developing countries. This study employs data on Asian, African, and Pacific countries along with their capital market in the period of 1989-2015. More specifically, it investigates the informativeness of aggregate accounting earnings as a predictor of macroeconomic growth. It finds evidence that the aggregate of accounting earnings is a predictor of future GDP growth. It also shows that the informativeness of accounting earnings aggregate is not only for the capital market’s level but also the macroeconomic level. This study argues that the informativeness of accounting earnings can be used to predict the macroeconomy, but only for those developed countries whose earnings growth is positive. On the contrary, this study suggests that the aggregate of accounting earnings in Asian and African developing countries cannot be used to predict future GDP growth. In other words, the aggregate of accounting earnings from developing countries does not contain similar properties for predicting future GDP growth as compared to those in developed countries.

IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, TRADE OPENNESS AND ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS ON GROWTH IN EMERGING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF VIETNAM

Author(s): Su Dinh Thanh,Nguyen Phuc Canh,Christophe Schinckus / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

This article investigates the role of economic institutions and economic openness in the growth of a specific emerging economy – Vietnam. The data from Vietnamese 63 provinces in the period of 2005-2015 have been collected to examine the influences of institutional quality on the inward FDI, trade and growth. By employing the system GMM estimators, our main findings show that, first, the combined effect of inward FDI with trade openness has a substitute effect on the economic growth while they have a positive impact taken separately. This article discusses this interesting aspect. Second, economic institutions significantly influence the combined effects of foreign direct investment with trade openness in improving economic growth.

SENJANIN JOSIP GRŽANIĆ, PRAVAŠKI POLITIČAR, U OBNOVI SENJA I HRVATSKE

Author(s): Mira Kolar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1995

Josip Gržanić (Geržanić) ist in der kroatischen Politik als der Politiker bekannt, der den Banus Khuen Hederväry 1885 aus dem kroatischen Parlament hinaussgeworfen hat. Dieser interessante Mensch blieb seiner Partei des Rechtes (Stranka prava) sein Leben lang treu, und beeinflußte die Entwicklung der Stadt Senj als eines Zentrums seiner Partei im Kroatischen Kiistenland. Er fuhrte einen langen Kampf gegen alle die zum Schaden dieser Stadt eine andere Stadt - Rijeka - als ein vvirtschaftliches und politisches Zentrum erheben und Senj dagegen erschvvachen wollten. Gržanić war Politiker, Senjer Verwaltungsbeamter und Leiter der Senjer Sparkasse, und diese drei Komponenten versucht die Autorin in diesem Artikel darzustellen. Sie betont dabei, daß - ihrer Meinung nach - weitere Forschungen wahrscheinlich neue Tatsachen ans Tageslicht bringen könnten. (lis ware zum Beispiel notwendig seine lilerarische Tätigkeit auszuforschen.) In diesem Artikel wird die Gržanićs politische Tätigkeit ausfiihrlich dargestellt, besonders das Hinauswerfen des Banus Khuen Hedervary auf die Forderung des Politikers David Starčević. Diese Affare erschiitelte fast ein halbes Jahr die Arbeit des kroatischen Parlaments in Zagreb. Die Oposition schlagte ihren Haken auf die ungarische Herrschaft, die ein Staat von den Karpaten bis zum Adriatischen Meer schaffen wollte, ohne Riicksicht auf die ethnische Buntheit auf diesem Gebiet, und ohne Respekt vor der kroatischen Geschichtc und der Gleichberechtigung Kroatiens und Ungarns. Gržanić kam m den Kroatischen Parlament als Yertreter von Ivanić Grad in Moslavina, aber im Parlament war er durch die Interpelationen bekannt, die sich an Senj bezogen. Mit der Erscheinung des Dampfbootes fiel Senj immer mehr in Schwirigkeiten, weil die Stadt fiir ein konkurentes und erfolgreiches Schiffwesen kein Kapital hatte, obwohl sie zweimal eine Schiffsgesellschaft gestift und dabei kleine Mitteln der kroatischen Wirtschaftler von Senj bis zu Gospić aktiviert hatte, wobei Gržanić eine bedeutende Rolle spielte.

ETHNO-NATIONAL HOMOGENIZATION IN THE POST-YUGOSLAV AREA

Author(s): Vinko Pandurević / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2021

The newly formed nation-states in the former Yugoslavia are an example of ethno-nationalized societies that emerged during the 1990s, as the final phase of the disintegration of SFR Yugoslavia. Ethno-national homogenization of societies was realized under the direction of dominant (ethno) nations, which considered the newly formed society as ‘property’. Ethnonationalization proved to be a crucial factor in creating ethnic antagonisms and disintegrating Yugoslav society. In this paper, the author presents the basic socio-historical assumptions of the emergence and disappearance (dying, extinction, breakdown / disintegration) of the Yugoslav state. Using a modern sociological conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of political sociology and sociological studies of nationalism, the author presents the processes of ethno-nationalization, ethnic antagonisms and disintegration of a social order, as well as the basic characteristics and structure of ethno-nationalized society. The paper gives indications of possible ‘(de)ethno-nationalization’ and a brief overview of the relationship between cultural and civic nationalism.

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND UNEMPLOYMENT: CASE OF SELECTED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Author(s): Hatice Nehrin Tunali Sari / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

The main purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a long-term relationship between the economic growth and unemployment. The unemployment rate belonging to 2005:Q1 - 2019:Q1 period of Hungary, Mexico, Poland, Chile and Turkey taking place in economically developing country status and quarterly data belonging to Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) macroeconomic indicators have been used in the study. The existence of the relationship between these two variables is tested by benefiting from the panel data analysis methods. It has been determined that there was no long-term relationship between the unemployment and growth in these countries during the said period according to the findings obtained from the analysis made by using the data of the countries taking place within the scope of the study.

False Claims in International Development. How does propaganda affect communities?

Author(s): Alexandru Dobrescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In the article entitled „False Claims in International Development” there is an analysis on the disinformation and false claims in our current modern times, specifically form 2016 until today. From the ravages misinformation can do during a global pandemic, to how citizens of one city in North Macedonia are getting rich by publishing astonishing stories from the United States Presidential election (2020), and thus leading the analysis towards a case study on the false claims during Donald Trump’s presidency and how this misinformation affected people from Mexico. Declaring that you have „achieved” something great by making other countries (Mexico, in particular) suffer, is not a good example of leadership at all. This can relate to development in many ways. Since America and Mexico are neighbors, many development projects and involvements could be intertwined between the two nations, and it wouldn’t be just Mexico (and its citizens) who would suffer from it, but also America (and its citizens). For example, let us take the alcoholic beverages as an argument. Tequila is also produced in the US. By diminishing the relationship between the two countries, and even restricting businesses or access to businesses from Mexico in the US and vice-versa, this would be a blow towards small enterprises and even big ones that live from producing and selling alcoholic beverages such as tequila. False claims can do a lot of harm to the international stage, and not only states are affected, but enterprises as well.

PEDDLERS, PEASANTS, ICONS, ENGRAVINGS: THE PORTRAIT OF THE TSAR AND ROMANIAN NATION‑BUILDING, 1888‑1916

Author(s): Andrei Dan Sorescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2019+20/2020

The present contribution examines how, in late‑nineteenth‑century Romania, a subversive political object transformed the dynamics of nation‑building. Brought in by Russian peddlers selling religious icons on transregional routes, engravings of the Russian tsar in peasants’ homes attracted the attention of political elites and catalysed top‑down attempts at nationalising the peasant majority. By considering a case in which the rural masses were exposed to the “wrong” political symbols before official nationalising and dynastic paraphernalia could reach them, the study homes in on the attempts of both state and church to solve a surprisingly long‑standing state of affairs, from 1888 to 1916.

Factors Determining Cooperative Societies’ Housing Finance Acceptance in Gombe, Nigeria

Author(s): Deborah Garba,Nneoma Iroaganachi,Ishiyaku Bala / Language(s): English Issue: 09/2021

Housing finance in developing countries is not readily available, and access to which is increasingly becoming difficult. The government has not been able to tackle the problem of housing shortages, especially in cities, as caused by population growth and increased urbanisation rate. There is, therefore, the need for interest groups like cooperative societies to come in. The study aimed at assessing the factors determining cooperative societies’ housing finance acceptance in Gombe to identify the descriptive levels of variables, adopting the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Using stratified random sampling, close-ended structured questionnaires designed in 5-point Likert Scale were used to get a total of 283 valid questionnaires used for the analysis. The findings supported the fitness of the traditional variables of TPB in predicting willingness to accept the present (study’s) housing financing model. The levels of the research model’s constructs were very high performance based on their mean and standard deviation. Thus, all the constructs can fit into the research model. The study recommends a further analysis to determine the statistical relationship among the model’s constructs to validate the TPB in this domain.

The United States investment and development assistance policy towards Kenya in the second decade of the 21st century

Author(s): Łukasz Jureńczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The subject of the paper is the US investment and development assis - tance policy for Kenya in the second decade of the 21st century. The first section of the paper discusses the investments of American enterprises in Kenya, as well as the programs of the governments of Kenya and the US, which are to improve investment conditions in this country. The second section discusses the develop - ment support provided by the US government agencies for Kenya and its residents. The main research questions are whether the level of US investment and develop- ment support was significant, and what are the prospects for cooperation in these areas in the future? The main thesis of the paper assumes that in the past decade investment and development cooperation between the US and Kenya was at a rel- atively high level, but its possibilities are much greater. In the coming years, Kenya might increase its position as one of the most important US economic partners in Africa, including in investment and development assistance.

The Determinants of Rural Households’ Income in Nigeria

Author(s): Ridwan Mukaila,Abraham Falola,Lynda Ogechi Egwue / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Most rural areas in developing nations were faced with the problem of a high poverty rate. A better understanding of drivers of rural household income is a powerful guide for proper intervention towards poverty alleviation and better wellbeing. This study, therefore, investigates the drivers of rural households’ income in Nigeria. Data sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The results revealed that the majority of rural households’ heads were males who were married with an average household size of 6 persons and a high dependency ratio (0.94). The majority had a low level of education, depends on agricultural activities and earned a monthly income of N42,142.70. Gender of household’s head, household size and years of education were the significant factors enhancing rural households’ income while dependency ratio was the factor inhibiting rural households’ income. Thus, rural education and women empowerment is needed to boost rural income.

Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Growth, Poverty and Inequality in Emerging and Transition Economies

Author(s): Utku Altunöz / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This article reviews current economic policy discussions about the relationship between growth, inequality, and poverty. These discussions tend to focus on whether market-driven growth is enough to eradicate poverty and reduce inequality, or whether specific policies are necessary, that is, unforeseen growth may be inadequate or even perverse. The study also presents the latest global sign on the change of economic growth into poverty decrease in developing and transition countries, with an emphasis on the role of income inequality. For this purpose, following the literature review, emerging and transition economies analyze in term of reduction of poverty together with the process of growth acceleration, an improvement of the human development variables and an increase of political democracy. In the second step, it is focused on the income distribution which means it is explores if mentioned countries practiced just economic growth or development. Obtained results claim that the economic growth taking place in the meanwhile the last 10 years contributed neither to a reduction in poverty between 2000 and 2016, calculated through to a rise in variable of human development, principally in life expectancy. The opposite way, variables worsened, as did the proxy and accountability for political pluralism and democracy. Also, it said that the economic growth realized in transition economies and emerging economies. However, the U-shaped Kuznets curve cannot be observed because following reduction in inequality realized after an extended period of growth. Results support the idea that countries with lower levels of adult literacy and public spending attract higher income inequality.

Balkan Wars, European Integration and Hague Conditionality

Author(s): Denisa Kostovicova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2009

Emotions and Transitional Justice: On the Restorative Potentials of Symbolic Communication in Kosovo

Author(s): Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2009

Ratovi na Balkanu, Evropske integracije i uslovljavanje Haga

Author(s): Denisa Kostovicova / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2009

Emocije i tranziciona pravda: Restorativni potencijali simboličke komunikacije na Kosovu

Author(s): Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2009

Sömürge Mirasının Gölgesinde Cezayir ve Fransa Arasındaki İlişkiler: Yeni Bir Sayfa Mümkün mü?

Author(s): Aybüke Rabia Halil / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This paper examines how the colonial legacy affected relations between Algeria and France. Since Algerian independence in 1962, relations between France and its former colony have been on a highly delicate line for both countries. The traumas, literally inherited from the colonial period, shaped the relations between the two countries. Algeria's dream of national independence was to become a sovereign state with free decision-making mechanisms by ending foreign control over the country's wealth and resources, away from French influence. However, this dream has not been fully realized in the shadow of the 132 years of the colonial legacy.

The creation of the armed forces of independent Ukraine: military and political background

Author(s): Serhii Seheda,V Shevchuk,Oleksii Pokotylo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The article studies the stages of creating the national army in Ukraine before the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and during the first years of existence of the independent state of Ukraine. The civil society in Ukraine raised the issue of the formation of the national army driven by the sovereignty aspirations and the demands to do military service exclusively on the Ukrainian territory without involving in the Soviet Union conflicts. The military-political circumstances and their influence on the creation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine have been analysed. Certain similarities between the ways of creation of armed forces in the Baltic States and Ukraine, in particular the role of socio-political movements in this process have been studied. The authors have compared the main principles of the formation of armed forces in Ukraine, Moldova, Lithuania and disclosed the relation between the principles of their foundation and further territorial integrity.

RECONCILIATION IN SOUTH AFRICA AS A(N) (IM)POSSIBLE MODEL FOR THE POST-YUGOSLAV AREA

Author(s): Dejan Vučinić,Miloš Milenković,Katarina Pavlović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The concept of reconciliation as a political-psychological concept came into being at the beginning of the nineties of the last century. It took a lot of time for the experts, who were engaged in peacebuilding in the post-conflict period, to understand that political, economic and other social processes were not sufficient for the reconciliation process, but that psychological aspects of reconciliation should also be included. In such a way, the process of reconciliation, in which subjects of reconciliation are race, people, nations, was lowered from the collective to the individual level. An example of such an attempt relates to the events after the apartheid in the South African Republic and the establishment of the Commission for Truth and Reconciliation. In this regard, this paper aims to identify the basic ideas and principles of the reconciliation process in the South African Republic and try to place it in the context of reconciliation between formerly warring parties in the former Yugoslavia. In the analysis of the concept of reconciliation that has been relatively successfully applied in the South African Republic, three key ideas have been identified. The first idea suggests that the process of reconciliation from the level of "political elites" should be lowered to the level of "ordinary people". The second, it is necessary to have a so-called Third party for the reconciliation process that will manage the whole process. And the third, that the truth is an unavoidable factor in the process of reconciliation. In this paper, a proposal for a possible model of reconciliation among the countries and nations of the former Yugoslavia is given on the basis of analysis of the post-conflict processes in the South African Republic and current events in the post-Yugoslav space.

Joe Biden's conflict communication discourse with Vladimir Putin: the Geneva case (2021)

Author(s): Vilma Linkevičiūtė / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The research into Joe Biden's conflict communication discourse with Vladimir Putin is relevant for international geopolitics because it may be identified as a geopolitical conflict. The results of conflict resolution will have a crucial impact, not only on the main parties to the conflict, but also on the security of the EU. Thus, the object of this article is Biden's conflict communication discourse aimed at Putin (2021). The aim of the research is to identify and analyse how conflict communication is manifested in the discourse of two political leaders. Conflict communication enables Biden to attribute positive nominations to himself, as a politician, to the USA and the allies. Putin and his supporters are granted negative nominations and are accused of detrimental actions. The role and functions of contrastive nominations in Biden's conflict communication discourse are aimed to form the intended positive image of Biden and the negative image of Putin.