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"Vy máte iného ducha!" Žilinská deklarácia - národno-politický aspekt slovenského evanjelického reformného hnutia

Author(s): László Matus / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 1/2015

The constitution of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Kingdom of Hungary was established by the 1891-94 synod. This constitution had a tendency towards centralization and greatly restricted the autonomy of the church. The centralized administration rendered it possible for the leaders of the church to reduce the autonomy of Slovak Lutherans, who had majority in the Cis-Danubian district, by redrawing the borders of the districts. In the new districts the Slovak Lutherans found themselves in minority everywhere, losing their influence on decision making.This lead to the Žilina Declaration, which was signed by 68 north-west Hungarian Slovak congregations at the end of 1912 and the beginning of 1913. The declaration criticised the centralization and the concomitant tendencies towards Hungarian linguistic and the ideological nationalization of the church, and it even raised the issue of forming autonomous Slovak districts.The present study analyses the political context of the above mentioned document. The author uses primary sources because the topic lacks historiographical literature. The first research question of the study is whether the co-operation of the Slovak congregations was as an ad-hoc association or, rather, the result of the mobilisation of an institutionalized group. The second research question discusses the various representations of the relevance of the aforementioned congregational co-operation in the Slovak national narrative. In order to answer these questions the author relies on both political science theories and secularisation theories.

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(001) NEW WORLD ORDER: THE BALANCE OF SOFT POWER AND THE RISE OF HERBIVOROUS POWERS

(001) NEW WORLD ORDER: THE BALANCE OF SOFT POWER AND THE RISE OF HERBIVOROUS POWERS

Author(s): Ivan Krastev,Mark Leonard / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2007

The largest survey of public opinion in the world shows support for a more multipolar world and a greater role for ‘herbivorous powers’ – countries not widely perceived as military superpowers. There is mistrust of the Cold War powers as well as Islamist-inspired Iranian autocracy. More people want to see a decline rather than an increase in the power of Russia (29% decline, 23% increase), of China (32% decline, 24% increase), of the United States (37% decline, 26% increase), and of Iran (39% decline, 14% increase). On the other hand, there is strong support for an increase in the power of fast-developing powers such as South Africa, India and Brazil. The European Union is the most popular great power. Uniquely among great powers, more people across all continents want to see its power increase than decrease. This demand for more European power extends to many former European colonies. Whilst American soft power has declined, the rise of China has led to the resurgence in support for American power in Asia. Increasing Russian influence in Eastern Europe is paralleled by a demand for a greater American role. Outside Europe, ‘the West’ is still seen to some extent as a single actor: countries suspicious of American power tend also to be against EU power.

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(RE)SHAPING POLITICAL CULTURE AND PARTICIPATION THROUGH SOCIAL NETWORKS

(RE)SHAPING POLITICAL CULTURE AND PARTICIPATION THROUGH SOCIAL NETWORKS

Author(s): Marija Andreeva / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2019

The influence of social networks is growing intensely. They do not only influence only certain aspects of our lives, but they also influence political participation and political culture. In recent years, this influence has been very notable. We have seen a change of policies as a result of pressure, a lot of significant political movements started via social networks. This paper concentrates on the influence of social networks on political participation and political culture. The paper tries to foresee the future implications and the intertwining of social networks and political culture and political participation. It also gives conclusions for the past, present and future implications and it gives a comparison between political participation before and after the rise of social networks. It also analyses the positive and negative implications that social network could have on political participation.

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(Бивша Югославска) Република Северна Македония на кръстопът в търсене на идентичност(и)

(Бивша Югославска) Република Северна Македония на кръстопът в търсене на идентичност(и)

Author(s): Ivan Vinarov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2019

The current research aims is to rise the current questions about the identity of the Macedonians. Its implementation clarifies the essence of the term "identity" and the process of social engineering in Macedonia. Further content analysis of media information and statistics from indices of international organizations is used. The main conclusion is that a paradoxical process is being developed – a transformation of the past in order to restructure the future in a different way

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14th EU-India Summit in New Delhi Strengthens Partnership

14th EU-India Summit in New Delhi Strengthens Partnership

Author(s): Patryk Kugiel / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2017

The EU-India Summit in New Delhi on 6 October showed an increasing convergence of views on major regional and global issues and boosted the strategic partnership established in 2004. Yet, the lack of a breakthrough in negotiations of the Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) proves it remains a major challenge, along with the negative effects of Brexit, on EU-India relations. If the negotiations are protracted, the EU may consider a separate deal on investments alone. Poland should consider more actively participating in shaping EU policy on India and using existing mechanisms of dialogue to strengthen its bilateral cooperation.

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1980 ASKERİ DARBESİ VE SONRASINDA ÖZAL DÖNEMİ SİYASAL ve EKONOMİK YAPILANMA

1980 ASKERİ DARBESİ VE SONRASINDA ÖZAL DÖNEMİ SİYASAL ve EKONOMİK YAPILANMA

Author(s): Erhat Yalçin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 41/2019

In the developing third world countries where the democracy was destroyed, the army was effective in the government. He used the coup as a guardianship tool. Emerging in Turkey has taken its cue from this trusteeship concept. Impact, the basic parameters of political instability, economic and political, etc. It occurs in relation to the outage of institutions. Turkey also has spent literally blows where faltered badly in this motion. The most important blow known to the political destruction and unfair practices in the social field is the 1980 coup. In this study, the development process of the 1980 coup will be explained. Turgut Özal continued with the transformation experienced in Turkey's political and economic fields will be covered.

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1980 Sonrası Ülkemiz Ekonomisinde Yaşanan Krizlerin İktisadi Yapıya Etkisi

1980 Sonrası Ülkemiz Ekonomisinde Yaşanan Krizlerin İktisadi Yapıya Etkisi

Author(s): Zübeyir TURAN / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2018

Financial crisis is defined as sharp fluctuations of prices and quantities, occurring in financial markets reflecting as drastic economic problems with payments defaults in the banking sector, which in no way is impendent from each other. Crisis in one sector contaminates other sectors within small time intervals, which initially seems to be in periods. Many financial crises have occurred in the world since the 1970s. Although, a turning point like 1990‟s affected most countries leading to economic instability. Like in the past, most developing countries are not similar in terms of their socio-economic structure, on the other hand financial crises witnessed show several similarities. These financial crises, enlarged with the panic observed in the international investment markets, complemented with speculative attacks has diverged the financial capital flow among countries. Unemployment figures of the world have risen at the point of crisis in the end of 2008. As a result of the contraction in the foreign trade due to the crisis, the Gross Domestic Product of our country has been declining in great proportions. The effect of the crises on our country's economy has been examined in the study.

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21. YÜZYILIN İDEOLOJİK GÜÇ MÜCADELESİ: ULUSLARARASI SİSTEMİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASINI ANLAMAK

21. YÜZYILIN İDEOLOJİK GÜÇ MÜCADELESİ: ULUSLARARASI SİSTEMİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASINI ANLAMAK

Author(s): Kaan Yiğenoğlu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2018

The basic ideological conflict of the 20th century was between capitalism and socialism. This conflict occurred between the supporters of the capitalist ideology and those opposing the capitalist ideology. In the 21st century, this ideological clash is witnessed to be evolved. The basic ideological conflict of the 21st century is between globalists and capitalists. The conflict between globalists and capitalists is developing between different factions of capitalist ideology, not between oppositionists of capitalist ideology and their opponents. These developments need to be evaluated in the context of this new ideological conflict. In this work, the development of the international system is evaluated within the framework of different ideologies, and then the analysis of change in the ideological power struggle is being conducted in the 21st century. Finally, the conflict of ideologies and the process of unification are explained.

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A decisive moment for Azerbaijan
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A decisive moment for Azerbaijan

Author(s): Anna Zamejc / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2016

The year 2016 may be seen as a turning point for Azerbaijan, once a wealthy country on the Caspian Sea. Faced with a decline in oil prices on the international markets, the regime of Ilham Aliyev is being forced to make a difficult choice: reform or face social protests.

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A European Democracy: Why and How?
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A European Democracy: Why and How?

Author(s): Phillipe C. Schmitter / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

While democracy in Europe took a very long time to emerge and consolidate itself, the democratization of Europe has only just begun and remains a rather remote prospect. The competing national states that composed this part of the world were originally autocratic – with the historical exception of Switzerland, which somehow continuously managed to practice its peculiar form of democracy. Indeed, Western Europe became uniformly democratic only in the mid-1970s with the regime changes in Portugal, Spain, and Greece. And parts of the former Soviet Union have still to institutionalize the accountability of its rulers by way of competitive processes of representation.

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A microeconomic perspective on net working capital

A microeconomic perspective on net working capital

Author(s): Luminița Gabriela Istrate / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 36/2016

The financial resources consist of components which are characterized by common features, but also have traits regarding their formation and use, generating social and economic effects which differ considerably from one of their parts to the other. The financing made by banks of some activities in industry, construction, agriculture, services and trade enables the companies to increase the quality and volume of their products and of the services offered. Also, there is a better orientation of these companies towards the requirements of the internal and foreign markets with beneficial effects on reducing the macroeconomic imbalances inherent in an economy in full process of catching-up with the standards of the developed countries.

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A new paradigm for sharing transition experience within the EU’s contested democracy support?
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A new paradigm for sharing transition experience within the EU’s contested democracy support?

Author(s): Miriam Lexmann / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2016

More than a decade after the completion of the democratic transition of the Visegrad Four countries, crowned by their membership of the EU, it is legitimate to ask whether the concept of “transition experience sharing” is still relevant to either the EU’s democracy support programs or the Visegrad Four ODA1 programs. This paper seeks to provide a basic empirical account of some of the fundamental processes of transition sharing while describing its core trends. It also makes recommendations, addressed partly at the V4 governments, but mainly at the respective EU institutions, on how features of “transition experience sharing” could be incorporated into democracy support schemes, thereby tailoring them in response to actual needs.

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A new Visegrad Group in the new European Union - possibilities and opportunities for development

A new Visegrad Group in the new European Union - possibilities and opportunities for development

Author(s): Mariusz Bocian,Patrycja Bukalska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 2003

The Visegrad Group has fulfilled the tasks it was set when established. It seems unjustified, therefore, to ponder the need for it to function further. However, it is advisable to lay out new tasks, suitable for the group's operation in the new European reality - following EU accession of Visegrad countries in May 2004.

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A New Vision for Least Developed Countries

A New Vision for Least Developed Countries

Author(s): Ahmet Davutoğlu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2012

While pursuing its own development with confidence and success, Turkey has become deeply concerned with all forms of human inequality that exist in the world, especially those forms that impact upon the dignity of the individual and the community. This concern has led Turkey in recent years to turn increasing attention to the plight of countries experiencing acute economic and ecological challenges. In this spirit it has sought to provide assistance and moral support to the people of Somalia who have remained affected by a lethal famine as well as the absence of human security as a result of sustained civil strife and uncontrolled crime. In 2011 the leaders of the Turkish government, along with their families, made a visit to Somalia as a demonstration of solidarity and engagement. It was a dramatic event in part because Somalia had been treated as off limits for world leaders due to the perception of dangerous levels of chaos and the pervasiveness of violence on the ground. This initiative was welcomed with great appreciation by the people of Somalia. Besides showing solidarity and immediate help for famine, Turkey wanted to raise consciousness in the global setting about the tragedy of Somalia so other countries would join in the emergency relief effort. While tragedy of Somalia persists, greater international attention s being given as evidenced by the February 2012 international conference held in London and May 2012 Istanbul conference. Problems of this magnitude, we believe, require not just national or regional responses, but depend on generating a global response

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A PROPOSAL FOCUSED ON A METHOD FOR THE CALCULATION OF THE CONVERGENCE OF THE TWO BANKS OF THE DNIESTR
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A PROPOSAL FOCUSED ON A METHOD FOR THE CALCULATION OF THE CONVERGENCE OF THE TWO BANKS OF THE DNIESTR

Author(s): Eugen Străuţiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Following the armed conflict in 1992, the Moldovan society, on the left bank of the Dniester broke, from a political and administrative point of view, proclaiming itself a separate state under the name "The Moldovan Dniester Republic" – which is unrecognized until today at an international level.The negotiation process, started in 1992, did not produce significant convergence effects - although issues related to the everyday life of the population are resolved today at a faster pace than ever before.The present article aims at investigating, principally and (as much as possible) quantitatively, to what extent the political divergence has evolved over two decades and a half, and to what extent it finds itself in economic, military and civil society divergences. In conclusion, we will try to evaluate the chances of a convergence process between the two banks of the Dniester in the near future.

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A Systematic Review of the Internal and External Barriers to Public Sector Innovation in Kosovo

Author(s): Rinor Kurteshi / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

The focus of this study is to identify the barriers to develop and introduce innovations in the public sector of Kosovo. This paper is compiled based on the mixed methodology approach and findings are compared and contrasted with the current condition of knowledge. The findings clearly indicate that a risk-averse culture still continues in Kosovo’s public sector. In addition to this, lack of human and financial resources adds another important barrier towards public sector innovation. Moreover, staff resistance is also considered an important barrier to public sector innovation in Kosovo. Therefore, it is recommended for public sector managers to integrate the new concepts of the open innovation and networked governance to reduce these barriers. These concepts demand engaging all employees as well as external parties in critical innovation processes which in evasion will lead to the adoption of an innovative culture in the public sector of Kosovo. This study contributes to further research, regarding the adoption of the culture of innovation in the public sector of developing countries. Finally, this research enriches and widens the current knowledge in the public sector innovation with a focus on the barriers to public sector innovation processes in developing countries.

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ABORDAREA PROBLEMEI TRANSNISTRENE DE CĂTRE ORGANIZAȚIILE DE CERCETARE IDIS „VIITORUL” ȘI PROMO-LEX. O ANALIZĂ COMPARATIVĂ
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ABORDAREA PROBLEMEI TRANSNISTRENE DE CĂTRE ORGANIZAȚIILE DE CERCETARE IDIS „VIITORUL” ȘI PROMO-LEX. O ANALIZĂ COMPARATIVĂ

Author(s): Eugen Străuţiu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2020

The two organizations, together, dominate the analysis scene in the Transnistrian problem from Chisinau. Unfortunately for the academic environment, if we were to add the output of universities and research institutes, the statement remains valid.With the same "red lines", the same funders, generally the same research methodologies implemented and good communication with the political and academic environments, the two organizations apprears as a block making the rules and main features of the involvement of the Moldovan civil society in the Transnistrian topic.The differences in style are not significant, they do not conflict, but rather show us that Idis "Viitorul" and Promo-Lex complement and collaborate under the aegis of the same goals and objectives.

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ABORDAREA PROBLEMEI TRANSNISTRENE DE CĂTRE ORGANIZAȚIILE DE CERCETARE IDIS „VIITORUL” ȘI PROMO-LEX. O ANALIZĂ COMPARATIVĂ
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ABORDAREA PROBLEMEI TRANSNISTRENE DE CĂTRE ORGANIZAȚIILE DE CERCETARE IDIS „VIITORUL” ȘI PROMO-LEX. O ANALIZĂ COMPARATIVĂ

Author(s): Eugen Străuţiu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2019

The two organizations, together, dominate the analysis scene in the Transnistrian problem from Chisinau. Unfortunately for the academic environment, if we were to add the output of universities and research institutes, the statement remains valid.With the same "red lines", the same funders, generally the same research methodologies implemented and good communication with the political and academic environments, the two organizations apprears as a block making the rules and main features of the involvement of the Moldovan civil society in the Transnistrian topic.The differences in style are not significant, they do not conflict, but rather show us that Idis "Viitorul" and Promo-Lex complement and collaborate under the aegis of the same goals and objectives.

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ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE IN KOSOVO – LESSONS LEARNT
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ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE IN KOSOVO – LESSONS LEARNT

Author(s): Gamurari Loredana / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Since 1999, the accountability for human rights violations committed in Kosovo during and after the war was addressed by ICTY, UNMIK and EULEX. However, a whole set of crimes committed in the aftermath of the war were not properly addressed. The research aims to understand whether international judicial mechanisms intervening in Kosovo until today, successfully planted the seeds for the blooming of post-conflict justice. The paper adopts a qualitative approach, including analyses of cases, reports and interviews. The findings show that both international and local actors in many cases could not ensure justice for war crimes committed in the country, which brought to the conceiving of the Specialist Chambers, an extraterritorial court with no local personnel, but under Kosovo national legislation. The paper focuses on previous experiences to understand if the lessons have been learnt, showing the challenges that the new Specialist Chambers will have to overcome to bring justice.

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ACTIVITATEA GRUPURILOR SECTORIALE DE LUCRU ȘI EVOLUȚIA PROCESULUI DE REGLEMENTARE TRANSNISTREANĂ (2018-2019)
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ACTIVITATEA GRUPURILOR SECTORIALE DE LUCRU ȘI EVOLUȚIA PROCESULUI DE REGLEMENTARE TRANSNISTREANĂ (2018-2019)

Author(s): Marius Spechea / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2020

The sectoral working groups have represented the hope of the Transnistrian settlement in the last two years by the dynamics they had in establishing an agenda and implementing the agreed solutions, but the current developments have shown on the one hand the importance of these working tools in the settlement of conflicts on the one hand. part, but also their limits on the other. The definition of the mechanisms that determine the efficiency, or on the contrary, blocks this kind of approach, unique in the landscape of conflict management, is observable in the current evolution of events in the region.

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