"Postylla katolicka mniejsza" z 1590 roku – "Nowy Testament" z 1593 roku – "Biblia" z 1599 roku

Tendencje akulturacyjne jako element strategii translatorskich „Biblii Wujka”

Author(s): Tadeusz Rubik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper analyzes the ways of translating New Testament’s cultural realities by Jakub Wujek (and his collaborators) during various stages of preparing the version of the Bible (editions of the "Catholic Postil", 1579–1590, the "New Testament" of 1593 and the "Bible" of 1599). In the first part („Examples”) the author discusses samples of the translation containing cultural realities (such as "sabbatum, Pascha, drachma, paedagogus"), comparing them with other Polish versions of the era. The second part („Tendencies of Acculturation”) interprets different ideas of acculturation as an important part of Polish Jesuits’ different, conflicting strategies for translating the Bible. The interpretation is based on the analysis of historical sources, and places these theoretical programmes in the context of Reformation and Counter-Reformation in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

"Proces" – co nowego?

Author(s): Łukasz Musiał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2016

In the first part, the article discusses selected aspects of the history of the first Polishtranslation of F. Kafka’s novel The Trial, and indicates that numerous and significantchanges were introduced into it anonymously, starting from the first post-war issue in 1957.The author claims that in fact we are not dealing with one and the same translation, buta translation palimpsest. The second part of the article presents the interpretation ofThe Trial which states that while writing his novel Kafka considerably referred to theanthroposophical ideas included in the book How to Know Higher Worlds by RudolfSteiner, then regarding that it analyzes The Trial as a variant of a folktale (a mythical story)about a hero based on the findings of Vladimir Propp (Morphology of the Folktale) andJoseph Campbell (The Hero with Thousand Faces).

"Przegląd Klasyczny"

Author(s): Anna Lewartowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

The monthly “Przegląd Klasyczny” (“The Classical Review”) was published in Lwów (now Lviv in Ukraine) in the years 1935–1939. The article presents an overview of its contents, its editors and its character in the context of other similar periodicals published in Poland at that time.

"Reduta Ordona". Rzeczywistość – historiozofia – mit

Author(s): Andrzej Fabianowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

"Reduta Ordona" [Ordon’s Redoubt] is one of the most widely recognised poems by Mickiewicz. The poem has frequently been referred to in literature and therefore it has become a sort of a myth which shows in a very apologetic and absurd manner the most crucial features of Polish ethos – patriotism, struggle for independence and the willingness to die for all these values. Being a miniature of a battle epic poem, Ordon’s Redoubt has been examined in terms of how closely Mickiewicz copied the reality of those military events. In many cases the reality presented in the poem turned out to be rather different from the historical truth – Ordon did not die from the explosion. Apart from historical inconsistencies, a dispute concerning the literal shape of the poem can also be triggered. Writing the poem, Mickiewicz used his own poetic experience but also S. Garczyński’s experience of romantic military attempts. Yet, he had gone far beyond the role models who inspired him, creating a powerful and universal catastrophic vision. Multiple perceptions of the myth, which Ordon’s Redoubt undoubtedly is, are the reasons for a number of different ideas to commemorate the place of the battle which itself becomes a metaphor of the fate of the entire world regardless of having no strictly defined boundaries as an area of the battle.

"Romeo ja Julia" Liivimaa moodi? Barbara von Tiesenhauseni legend: ajalooline tagapõhi ja kirjanduslikud variatsioonid

Author(s): Liina Lukas,Juhan Kreem / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 03/2008

The story of Barbara von Tiesenhausen drowned in an icy lake by her own brothers as punishment for her misalliance, has been used both in the Baltic German and in the Estonian literary traditions. The article discusses the historical background of the story and follows its evolution in folk tradition as well as in literary versions. The execution of Barbara von Tiesenhausen has been recorded in the chronicles of the 16th century. In addition, the hostilities of her lover Franz Bonnius against the Tiesenhausen family and Livonia can be followed in the correspondence of the potentates and legal documents of the time. The conflict ensued from the (planned) marriage that was not considered acceptable by the family. At the same time, the social station of the fiancé Franz Bonnius has remained somewhat ambiguous. Considering his later activities aimed at establishing his rights in Prussia and Lithuania, at whose courts his claims were heard, one is left with an impression that he may have been less of an outsider to the aristocratic society than hitherto depicted. Despite the real restrictions to marriage with men of a lower rank no historian has found convincing proof of the legitimacy of Barbara’s execution. This leaves the exact nature of the conflict unclear. In any case, the killing of Barbara was shocking even by 16th-century standards. In folklore and literature, in their close mutual interaction, the story is living its own life. The Baltic German literary tradition keeps to the chronicles, associating the story with Rannu manor and Lake Võrtsjärv, as well as with concrete historical figures (T. H. Pantenius). In Estonian literature and folklore, however, a divergence can be observed. One tradition feeds on the book Ennemuistsed jutud („Folk tales”) by F. R. Kreutzwald. Here the Barbara of Rannu transforms into the young lady of Porkuni manor, while the story, shedding off its concrete realia, acquires mythical dimensions and becomes an explanatory legend (F. R. Kreutzwald, M. Under). Aino Kallas, however (as well as the opera „Barbara von Tiesenhusen” written by E. Tubin on the inspiration of A. Kallas’s prose ballad of the same name), draws on the chronicles and Pantenius. The modern approach of Maimu Berg treats the innocent girl in love as a vicious vamp and the heroic Bonnius as a cynical egoist. There are more (unrealized) options to the story of Barbara. And yet, running through the literary versions like a red line is the tragedy of a misalliance, innocent love and criticism of rank restrictions.

"SIN" (BOSNA-HERSEK'DE BOGOMILLERE ATFEDILEN, XII-XVI. ASIRLARDAN LAHDLER ILE ANADOLUDAKI XII-XIV...)

Author(s): Emel Esin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/1980

Neke ikonografske sličnosti između nadgrobnih kamenova u BiH, koji se odnose na bogumile, i jednog dijela iz osmanskog perioda, i oslikanih nadgrobnih kamenova u Anadoliji iz seldžučkog i ranoosmanskog perioda privlače pažnju. Sličnosti se primećuju u scenama lova i borbe, i u kosmološkim motivima kaš što su sunce, mjesec i zvijezde.

"Societatea de Comerț din Timișoara" ("Temeswarer Commercien-Societät") – un experiment eșuat al mercantilismului austriac în Banatul imperial (1723-1730)

Author(s): Costin Feneşan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

Occupied de facto in 1716-1717 by the imperial forces, the Banat of Timișoara (Temeswar) became de iure a province of the Habsburg monachy as stipulated by the Treaty of peace at Passarowitz (July 21, 1718) concluded with the Ottoman Empire. Enjoying the status of a direct estate of the Austrian Crown and Court-Chamber, the new acquired territory proved soon to be an excellent field to test the mercantilistic precepts prevailing at the Court in Vienna. Trade was among the favorite domains for these experiences seeking not only an active export of local merchandises but also a positive balance of trade to attract cash in the country and avoid his exportation. The Treaty of commerce concluded with the Ottoman Porte at Passarowitz (July 28, 1718) offered in this view a favourable frame to the commercial relations of the Imperial Banat. In order to restrain and check the deals of the foreign Turkish merchants as well as of the local ones (Greeks/ Macedo-Romanians, Jewish and Serbs), general of cavalry (since 1723 fieldmarshal) count Claudius Florimond de Mercy, the first military and civilian governor of the Banat, a close friend and partner to Prince Eugene of Savoy, president of the Court War Council, recommended 1722 to Emperor Charles VI the establishement of a trade company at Timișoara (Temeswar), the capital-city of the new imperial province. A first temporary agreement was signed on August 23, 1723, the final one was concluded at Timișoara on November 11, 1723 (see the full text in attachment). Among the 14 shareholders (one share being 3000 florins) to the „Commercial Society at Timișoara” subscribed governor Mercy, lieutenant general (fieldmarshal-lieutenant) count Wallis, commander of the fortress of Timișoara and military counsellor to the Banatic Administration (appointed as well as managing director of the trade company), the civilian counsellors Rebentisch and Haan and even a Serbian merchant, Jovan Bibitsch (Bibić). The amount of the subscribed capital raised to 49.000 florins. As for the trade articles, wax and honey ranged on the top. As a consequence of the auspicious start, the „Commercial Society at Timișoara” got a substantial support form the Court Chamber. Therefore, on March 8, 1725, on governor Mercy’s initiative, at Vienna was signed a new company-agreement (see the full text in attachment). According to this, the subscribed capital of the 21 shareholders – among them the Imperial Office of State Revenues with three shares of 3000 florins each, and three civilian and military advisors to the Imperial Court – raised to 86.000 florins. The commercial house owed by the brothers Palm at Vienna (having subscribed for one share) was appointed to manage all trade operations of the „Commercial Society” abroad, while at Timișoara were left only the pay office and two officials to deal with the acquisition and sending of merchandises. Following governor Mercy’s insistences, the new company-agreement was stipulating the establishment of a manufacture for tweed and textile (effectively built in 1726) in order to provide the local market an to try a trade abroad. According to the company-agreement, the main merchandises to commerce were yellow and white wax, salted sturgeon and sturgeon-roe, honey and lard. A special attention was payed to the trade with copper, produced by the foundies in the Imperial Banat and put at the disposition of the „Commercial Society” by the Court Chamber through the Banatic Administration. Inspite the substantial support of the Court Chamber, the businesses of the trade company decreased constantly, especially after 1728, due to the stiff competition, to hazardous deals or to governor Mercy’s longe absence from home (the governor and fieldmarshal was killed 1734 in a battle near Parma). Deprived of any official support, this mercantilist experiment in the Imperial Banat failed after 1730. In the very large report on the Banat and its problems presented in 1734 to general count Hamilton, the new governor, no more word is lost about the „Commercial Society at Timișoara”.

"Studnia i wahadło" Edgara Allana Poego w przekładach Baudelaire’a i Leśmiana

Author(s): Maria Rogaczewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main point of the author’s consideration is "Studnia i wahadło" by Bolesław Leśmian – a text which is a translation of a short story "The Pit and the Pendulum" by Edgar Allan Poe based on a French translation of "Le puits etle pendule" by Charles Baudelaire. The aim of the article is to present the conclusions resulting from the comparative analysis of the mentioned works. Collating these three language versions allows to observ changes that are the consequence of indirect translation, as well as to indicate elements arising from Leśmian’s individual translation strategy. References to the Polish poet’s own writings, which show the exceptional nature of the decisions made by him in the translation process, are an integral part of the study.

"Svatovska groblja” - problemi istraživanja

Author(s): Vlajko Palavestra / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 30/1997

The term “Wedding party cemeteries” in oral tales and epic from Bosnia and Herzegovina describes deserted, unknown old cemeteries or certain tomb stones, mainly stone ones, for which people do not remember the time of their erection nor the deceased which were buried there. The oral tales about ’’wedding party cemeteries” tell that those are graves of Wedding party participants who met there a long time ago, and according to the old custom, fought with each other and lost their lives. In reality, in most cases these are medieval necropolis from 14th - 15th century, or some small Muslim village cemeteries from different periods of the Ottoman Empire. ’’Wedding party cemeteries” and oral tales about them can be found in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as other territories in Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia and some parts of Croatia.

"Tā kā neesmu bibliotekāre". Latvijas kultūras nosargātās vērtības un Mērijas Grīnbergas, jaunākās mūžs

Author(s): Jānis Kalnačs / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 06-07/2006

Although Mērija Grīnberga junior (24 May 1909 – 28 February 1975) came from the Grosvalds family, one of the most renowned patrician families in Riga, her life and work has not received the attention it deserves when compared to other members of the family; for example, her grandfather Frīdrihs Grosvalds, famous lawyer and Head of Riga Latvian Society, his children – painter Jāzeps Grosvalds who introduced moderate contemporary trends in early 20th century Latvian art and the diplomat and art historian Oļģerds Grosvalds and their mother Mērija Grīnberga senior, promoter of Latvian folk art and founder of a popular salon of applied arts. The life of Mērija Grīnberga jun. is closely related to several museums in Latvia, including the present Latvian National History Museum where she worked in the late 1930s, during World War II and for a short period in the 1940s, and the Latvian National Art Museum where she worked as a librarian from 1958 till the end of her life. The most important episode featuring in her memories comes from the year-and-a half journey from October 1944 to February 1946, accompanying the most valuable items of the major Riga museum collections that Nazi Germany’s state institutions ordered to be evacuated to the Opava region in Sudety (now part of the Czech Republic) shortly before the Soviet Army recaptured Riga. These items came from the City Art Museum (now the Latvian National Museum of Art), State History Museum (now Latvian National History Museum) and its branch, the Dome Museum (now the Riga Museum of History and Navigation), the State History Archives and the Riga History Archives. The State History Museum collection contained thousands of documents and artworks packed in more than 400 boxes and transported in 11 wagons. They ended up in the American zone at the end of war, having crossed almost half of Europe several times, including Czechoslovakia, Germany, Austria and Hungary. Thanks to Mērija Grīnberga, who volunteered to accompany them, they returned to Riga with minimal losses. For example, the numismatics collection from the Dome Museum had been stolen and various glass and ceramic items were broken during reloading). So the fate of these collections has been better than that of many others ravaged and lost by the end of World War II. Among the regained collections there is a significant part (257 paintings) from the present Foreign Art Museum collection of Western European painting, the Archaeology and Ethnography Museum collection from the National History Museum, a large part of the most valuable pieces from the Riga Museum of History and Navigation and the oldest documents from the State History Archives. Immediately after their return the collections were partly exhibited in Riga museums and the press mentioned that they had been regained by the heroic units of the Soviet Army. Mērija Grīnberga was not even thanked for her selflessness and care that went far beyond the call of duty.

"Taniec furii", czyli nieudana próba reinterpretacji okoliczności wybuchu pierwszej wojny światowej

Author(s): Michał Starczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2014

Reviews and Notices; Recenzje i przeglądy

"Temné jeho oči doslova fascinují"

Cesta českých kulturních pracovníků do Německa a Holandska v září 1940

Author(s): Jiří Křesťan / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3-4/2020

Between 1939 and 1943, trips to Nazi Germany and to territories occupied by Germany (France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, a large part of the Soviet Union) ranked among important tools influencing the public opinion in the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The study deals with a trip of a group of Czech intellectuals – artists, representatives of culture and journalists – to Germany and the Netherlands in September 1940. Under German guidance, the 35-strong delegation was composed to give a representative and diverse impression. Apart from newspapermen collaborating with Germans, such as Karel Lažnovský (1906–1941) or Vladimír Krychtálek (1903–1947), men active in different segments of culture were invited as well, including personalities as outstanding as the directors of the dramatic company and the opera ensemble of the National Theatre in Prague, Jan Bor (1886–1943) and Václav Talich (1883–1961), respectively, operatic singers Jan Konstantin (1894–1965) and Pavel Ludikar (1882–1970), violin virtuoso Váša Příhoda (1900–1960), publisher Bedřich Fučík (1900–1984), or architect Jan Sokol (1904–1987). The study focuses primarily on five writers who took part in the trip. Jaroslav Durych (1886–1962) and Václav Renč (1911–1973) ranked among Catholic-oriented authors, while Josef Knap (1900–1973) and Jan Čarek (1898–1966) represented so-called ruralists (writers of the country), and Josef Hora (1891–1945) was a leading poet, initially writing social poetry and later reflexive lyric poetry. Between the wars, all of them had been critical toward the reality of the First Republic in one way or another, the first four from conservative positions and Hora on the left (until 1929, he had been a member of the Communist Party). The trip’s programme had been put together very ingeniously. In addition to proofs of the Third Reich’s brutal strength (a visit of the bombed-out city of Rotterdam, a sightseeing tour of the Krupp arms factory in Essen), the travelers were served a menu of diverse cultural experiences (visits of theatrical performances, exhibitions and museums, outstanding architectural creations etc.). In Berlin, they were received by Joseph Goebbels (1897–1945), Reichsminister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, who emphasized, while addressing them, that the survival of the Czech nation and its culture depended on its submission to the German Reich. Upon their return home, all participants were forced to give public statements about the trip and their impressions, which had to conform to Nazi propaganda. Having described the above facts, the author analyzes defence strategies which the above mentioned authors were using while writing made-to-order articles or showing their supposed loyalty in order to avoid being dragged into the Nazi propaganda machine. They were bypassing some topics, resorting to allegories and ambiguities, and making use of concealed irony. In the end of the study, the author follows the fates of those who took part in the trip to Germany and the Netherlands, pondering, in a more general manner, fuzzy boundaries and dilemmas of guilt and collaboration in a totalitarian regime. Attached to the article are short biographies of all thirty-five participants in the trip.

"Templomtok ím épűlve áll, Kilencz szent Szűzeim" (Kazinczynak Poetai berke, Győr 2008)

Author(s): István Fried / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2010

This study discusses a volume which originally appeared in 1813, then recently has been re-edited. The book includes a volume of the poet Gábor Dayka and some original poems and translations from Ferenc Kazinczy, the wellknown Hungarian neologist. The new edition – according to Fried – reaches two goals: on the one hand the reader has the possibility to compare the translations with their original versions, on the other hand one can interpret Kazinczy’s talent for selection and translation. Fried emphasizes that Kazinczy’s main interest was always the situation of the Hungarian literature, the possibilities of the language and he insisted on the organization of the Hungarian literary life. The writer of the study accentuates the fact that the neologist wanted to introduce the Hungarian literature into the European fl ux through the German language. The volume is a proof that the contemporary stage of the Hungarian language was already suitable for translating Goethe. Dayka’s poems help the reception of Kazinczy, and the texts of Kazinczy create a new dimension for the Dayka-interpretation.

"Teutsch" und "Muəsər"

Author(s): Paul Philippi / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1979

Genealogical data on the histsory of Transylvanian migrations and on modifications of Saxonian self-consciousness

"The Family of Man" po latach. Wokół krytyki i recepcji wystawy

Author(s): Kamila Leśniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2013

The photographic exhibition The Family of Man created by Edward Steichen was for the first time opened in the halls of the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1955. It was a great commercial success and in the next less than ten years it was shown in 68 countries the world over. In the years 1959-1960 it also came to Poland and owing to its favorable reception became one of the most important turning points in the history of the Polish post-war photography, both artistic and documentary. During the next years the exhibition The Family of Man was also subjected to harsh criticism. The starting point for the present paper is the image of the exhibition that emerges from the Polish writing. The literature of the subject is modest, it consists mainly of small contributions; moreover, there are several works, in which thoughts taken from a few famous critical texts devoted to the exhibition, among others from the texts by Roland Barthes, Susan Sontag, Allan Sekula, are cited without any reflections. Only some Polish researchers interpret these important critical opinions with respect to the specific political and artistic situation that existed in Poland of the 1950s and 1960s (among others socialist realism, Gomuła’s thaw). The present article aims at indicating the profits from a reinterpretation of the exhibition on the ground of the history of Polish photography, and also of Polish culture of the post-war decades. The author tries to indicate the basis for studying Polish reception of the Steichen project. The reflections contained in the present paper are mainly focused on several subjects that are important for the exhibition, like the war, the American politics in the era of the cold war, the family. Moreover, the discussion also points to some aspects of the origin of the exhibition and to the conception of photography that is contained in it.

"Theatrum Nobilitatis Hungaricae”. Genealogické výskumy Mateja Bela so zvláštnym zreteľom na rod Thurzo

Author(s): Gergely Tóth / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Práce, ktoré sa venujú dejinám genealógie, sa ani len nezmieňujú o tom, že aj významný historik 18. storočia Matej Bel patril medzi genealógov, a to napriek tomu, že Bel mal od začiatku naplánované, že v Notitiách, v historicko-geografickej práci, predstavujúcej uhorské stolice, sa bude venovať aj dejinám šľachtických rodov. Tento svoj plán – aj keď medzerovito a zlomkovito – aj splnil. Výsledky jeho práce genealógovia 18. storočia akceptovali, neskôr sa však bádatelia na ne odvolávali už len zriedkavo. Zhromaždené údaje bratislavského vedca, resp. jeho rozhodné predstavy v tejto téme si bádatelia, zaoberajúci sa dejinami tohto vedného odboru v 20. storočí nevšimli, možno pre encyklopedický charakter Notícií, ktoré sú na prvý pohľad tematicky dosť neprehľadné, a tiež možno aj pre ich nedokončenosť. V tejto štúdii by sme chceli napraviť toto poľutovaniahodné zanedbanie. Najprv preskúmame, v akej forme sa chcel Bel zaoberať dejinami rodov, a aké uhorské, alebo zahraničné diela a vplyvy ho podnietili k takýmto výskumom; potom prehľadne z celých Notícií – nielen z tlačených častí, ale aj z tých, ktoré zostali v rukopise – predstavíme výsledky jeho výskumov, resp. ich ďalšie využitie a citovanie v 18. storočí. V druhej časti štúdie sa budeme venovať analýze histórie rodu Thurzo z Belovho pera – čo je v skutočnosti dielo v diele, veď v opise Oravskej stolice, kde sa nachádza, zaberá takmer polovicu textu. Zároveň budeme venovať pozornosť aj metódam práce Mateja Bela, mož- nostiam a hraniciam ním prevedeného výskumu.

"Tripe Soup for All Women!"

Transgression of Gender Boundaries as Part of Female Identity in Communist and Contemporary Bulgaria

Author(s): Albena Shkodrova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

There is growing interest into how cultural frameworks produce stereotypes of “masculine” and “feminine” foods. The patterns and dynamics of this process have been discussed mainly from a socio-cultural perspective, but the research thus far has failed to create a conceptual framework to explain both the persistence in the association of some foods with a specific gender and shifts in others. Based on a case study of attitudes in communist and post-communist Bulgaria towards tripe soup – a dish with great potential to be perceived as manly – this article suggests that it is useful to consider food gendering as composed of several levels of codification. One of them is the perception about what constitutes masculinity and femininity in general, and this transpires to be the most conservative and consistent across periods and cultural frameworks. The second level of codification is the attribution to foods of certain traits, which are then associated with the content of masculinity and/or femininity. The associations made on this level are sometimes able to shift, depending on the cultural framework, but they can also form stable compounds, such as the association between meat and masculinity. The third level of codification is the inclination of the sexes to transgress the borders set by the first two levels in the process of building their gender identity. As gender is not something that one is, but something that one does, individuals assume their gender roles depending upon circumstances, and it is possible that this level of “codification” is a level of constant enactments, the most volatile of the three. This article investigates how tripe soup was constructed as “masculine” and how these discourses have been challenged. It argues that the process reflects shifts in the acceptability of women’s association with “masculinity”, rather than changes in the perceptions of what constitutes “the feminine” or “the masculine”.

"Trzeba czerpać z przeszłości". O jodze w Polsce lat 60.

Author(s): Kamila Gęsikowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

After 1945, Poland saw a more pronounced interest in yoga as a practice related to physical exercise, which is evident in book publications (manuals such as Yoga for You by Claude Bragdon, Eng. ed. 1954, Pol. ed. 1955) or press publications (such as the February 17, 1959 issue of “Przekrój”, which featured an interview with the pianist Witold Małcużyński, in which the artist talked about his experiences with yoga and his use of the practice in his daily and professional life). Yoga also became an object of interest for the creators of the popular 1960s television series Wojna domowa (“House Quarrels”) (1965). This paper analyzes episode seven of Wojna domowa entitled “Polish Yoga.” The author traces the social and cultural changes that occurred in the perception of yoga and the people who practice it. On the basis of her analysis, she proves that the figure of the yogi gradually ceased to be associated only with the culture of India at that time, undergoing a kind of “Occidentalizing” — the yogi did not have to be an Eastern master, but could be a specialist (though in the case of the show presented in a comedic fashion). Yoga, adjusting to the new cultural reality, became an interesting novelty for the young generation, at the same time entering more and more clearly into everyday life.

"TURCI" U SATIRU MATIJE ANTUNA RELKOVIĆA (1732-1798)

Author(s): Ekrem Čaušević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 47-48/1999

Der kroatische Schriftsteller M. A. Relković wurde in Davor (Slawonien) geboren. Als Sechzehnjahriger trat er in den Militardienst in einem am Fluss Sava stationierten Grenzregiment ein. Da er sich durch Tapferkeit besonders hervorgetan hat, wurde er im Jahre 1778 zum Kapitân befördert. Als Offizier nahm er am Osterreichisch-Preussischen Krieg (1756-1773) teil, in dem er mehrmals verwundet wurde. Mit 54 Jahren tritt er in den Ruhestand und zieht nach Vinkovci, wo er stirbt und beerdigt wird.

"Vidi coelum novum et terram novam". Treści ideowe i geneza form Kaplicy Matki Boskiej Karmelitańskiej we Frydmanie

Author(s): Maria Kazimiera Staniszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2017

The paper deals with the chapel located by the parish church in Frydmanin the Spiš (Scepusium) region, founded by the local parish priest Michał Lorencs in 1764.The interior of the octagonal building, is fitted with a homogeneous set of furnishingsconsisting of a centrally located two-sided retable surmounted by a unique shrine inthe form of a glazed star, and numerous wooden sculptures decorating niches in the walls.The chapel used to be a pilgrimage site and became the founder’s resting place. The paperdiscusses the history of the chapel, the religious and political context of its foundation aswell as problems explored in earlier studies, both popular and scholarly ones, with specialattention devoted to the article by Jan Białostocki and Adam Miłobędzki, from 1957, thathas served as a crucial point of reference in the existing interpretations of the chapel.Further, the article attempts to elucidate the still unresolved problem of the origins of thechapel’s plan and forms of its retable, pointing to the traits they share with the sacred architectureof pilgrimage sites, particularly shrines. The Chapel of the Holy Shroud in Turin hasbeen suggested as the closest counterpart for the Frydman chapel as far as its architecturalplan, the retable type and the way of displaying relics are concerned. The soft, flowing linesof the a-tectonic forms of the retable, in turn, seem to resemble South-German small-scalearchitectural church furnishings from the mid-eighteenth century.As far as the message carried by the decoration of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Chapel isconcerned, selected Old- and New Testament figures, depicted in the retable and wall niches,have been identified, and particular themes represented in the above decoration have beendetermined. The first, sepulchral, theme is manifested in the unmarked burial site of FatherLorencs, located ad sanctos, in the immediate proximity of the relics of catacomb saints.The next, Carmelite, theme is related to the Scapular Confraternity that had been associatedwith the chapel and church. The paper discusses also the Marian symbolism of the chapel,already explored to some extent in earlier literature, and its prominent Christological andEucharistic themes, which have hitherto not been adequately examined. In conclusion, OurLady of Mount Carmel Chapel is considered as a symbolic representation of the HeavenlyJerusalem and a powerful profession of faith in the intercession of saints and the Virgin Marybefore God.