Doprinosi islamskih učenjaka naučnom poduhvatu u srednjem vijeku

Author(s): Maksuda Muratović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 59/2014

This article presents the contribution of Muslim scholars in development of science in Medieval age. It is considered that Muslims have not been only guardians of ancient Greek science, but have also made original contributions in all the fields of science and scholarship. Inspired by the Islamic outlook of nature and the Qur’anic instruction to “explore the nature with a tendency to come closer to God” the Islamic science and scholarship flourished. This knowledge was transferred to Eastern Europe thus playing an important role in revitalizing the learning climate and bringing scientific research methods to Europe leading it to Renesans in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Музикалнодиалектни особености на фолклорния вокален стил и маниер на изпълнение

Author(s): Galya Grozdanova-Radeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

Working out the specifics of the vocal styles and manners of performance in the different folk music districts in Bulgaria is prompted by an actual necessity, proved on the one hand by the decreasing number of the existing traditional folk practices and the limited contact of young people with these practices and on the other, by the revived interest in mastering such practices (mostly vocal and dance). The manner of performance is an established empirical practice, honed in the tradition of the past as a ‘model to follow’ and mastered intuitively. Now, however, it could be described, shown and taught. It is necessary to present in detail its specific aspects in each larger or smaller territories of the established folk music districts in Bulgaria so that to make its knowledge and mastering easier. The article deals with the folk musical dialects in Bulgaria presented in two major parts following the introduced by Elena Stoin territorial classification: eastern and western. The twelve folk musical dialects or regions are described in terms forming two groups of elements: vocal elements (speech reflex, speech specifics, sound qualities, sound generation, resonance, onset of sound, performative practice, vocal range); elements of the music language (voice-leading – strokes, ambit of the songs, ornamentation). The specifics of the vocal style and manner of performance are accentuated. On the basis of the outlined specifics of the traditional vocal practice in the folk music districts, generalizations are made, true to one degree or another of the national, territorial and regional music language.

Изследователска група „Музика и танц в Югоизточна Европа”: преживяна история

Author(s): Lozanka Peicheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The process of creation and development of the ICTM Study Group Music and Dance in Southeastern Europe at UNESCO is researched in the text. The occurrence of idea to create this Study Group and its development in the period 2005–2007 are observed. After the establishment of the Study Group on Music and Dance in Southeastern Europe by the ICTM Board in Canberra,Australia (February 16-17, 2008), four symposia were held that are presented in the text: 1) 2008 – Ohrid, Macedonia; 2) 2010 – Izmir, Turkey; 3) 2012 – Berovo, Macedonia; 4) 2014 – Valjevo, Serbia. There are outlined the closest perspectives for the study group connected with the organization and realization of the next Fifth Symposium in 2016 hosted by the South-West University “Neofit Rilski” in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria.

Стенописите в Долнобешовишкия манастир „Св. Архангел Михаил”

Author(s): Tsveta Kuneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

Most of the murals at the catholicon of St Michael the Archangel nearby the village of Dolna Beshovitsa, Vratsa district, were uncovered in the restoration work of 2006 by Dimcho Radev and were not been published. The extant murals are set mostly on the east side. The wall-painting programme features a combination of Catholic influence and gearing to the selection of the representations of the patron saint of the church, St Michael the Archangel. The Catholic influence is discernible in the architecture and in the representations of Roman Popes and of SS Cyril the Philosopher and Methodius. An explanation of the individual figure of the Mesopotamian prophet Balaam is provided by the dedication of the church, as he is represented in the scene of an Angel appearing to him. An Archangel, holding the Holy Sudarium, is painted mirroring Balaam’s figure. The representation of the two small figures of angles, flunking the image of Christ in the composition adoration of the Lamb in the apse, is also in all likelihood connected with the patron saint of the church. The just a few studies mentioning the murals at the church of Dolna Beshovitsa, date them to the seventeenth century at the earliest. Their manner as well as the Heirmologion copied for the monastery in 1549 by Deacon John, suggest the assumption that the murals under consideration have been painted circa the mid-sixteenth century.

Стенописите на църквата „Св. Архангел Михаил“ край с. Горановци, Кюстендилско (нови данни)

Author(s): Svetozar Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article gives a comprehensive description of the extant murals. With the collapsed vault, only the murals in the bottom tier have survived. Special attention is accorded to deciphering and identification of the texts on the extant scrolls. Two layers of paint were established and an attempt was made to date those. An interesting element of the decoration of the apse is the inclusion of Archangels Uriel and Raphael in the scene Melismos, as well as using a relatively rare abstract of the Divine Liturgy of St Basil the Great. Some other specific images of the iconographic programme of the church: Joshua (represented as a lord); the martyr St Blaise/Bucolus, holding a calf; St Demetrios, clad in garments of a seignior; a full-length image of St Anne, holding a cross. The publication takes to identify the scene, which has been set in the left niche of the altar. The various decorative elements of the mural decoration at the Church of St Michael the Archangel by the village of Goranovtsi are considered. A possible dating to the late fifteenth or the early sixteenth century is proposed.

Homerowa kreacja sylwetek kobiet w kontekście tradycji ustnej

Author(s): Anna Marchewka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Homer had not only a great skill in characterizing figures in the Iliad and the Odyssey but also a great psychological sensitivity – he was able to penetrate the psychai of his characters. Because Homer mostly makes use of indirect ways of description – he asks his characters to describe themselves through words and actions and uses other characters to express opinions about the main heroes and heroines – the question arises as to what part the oral epic tradition played in the Homeric construction of female characters. I will attempt to explain the Homeric art of describing characters with reference to the techniques and achievements of cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics.In addition to their typical features the main heroines also have individual features which are peculiar usually not to women but to men. Homer as one of oral poets or one of their already literate descendants had knowledge of a tradition of epic poetry and knew how to attract the attention of audiences. He was aware that the discourse of men and women to whom he had given speaking roles in his tales was different. Men use verbal acts that we associate with dominance. For instance, the rebuke is a form of speech used more often by men than women, so we find the sole example in the Iliad of a woman who rebukes her husband. This woman is Andromache, the appalled and desperate wife of Hector (Il. VI 431–434).The Homeric depiction of characters depends in part on the techniques of oral composition. Recurrent epithets, formulas and typescenes which are based on patterns for routine, everyday events and verbal behaviour, contain a great deal of information about the typical and individual features of Homeric heroes and heroines. Oral poet used these patterns, termed by Roger Schank and Robert Abelson as ‘scripts’, as a prompt, because knowledge of scripts falls into the category of implicit knowledge.

Izokrates — pisarz czy mówca? Kilka uwag o kompozycji „Panegiryku"

Author(s): Joanna Janik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The combination of written and oral styles remains one of the most striking features of Isocrates’ work; the purpose of this article is to present a general outline of this phenomenon in Panegyricus.

„Swą starą skórę zrzuć i stań się znowu młody”. Idea „ponownego narodzenia” w programach ideowych protestanckich konfesjonałów na Pomorzu u schyłku XVII i w XVIII w.

Author(s): Marcin Wisłocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2007

Anatomy of a Socialist Mega-event: World Youth Festivals as a Product of Soviet Cultural Diplomacy

Author(s): Mikuláš Pešta / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2024

KOIVUNEN, Pia: Performing Peace and Friendship: The World Youth Festivals and Soviet Cultural Diplomacy. Berlin, De Gruyter 2022, 303 pages, ISBN 978-3-11-075844-3.

There and Back Again: Czech-American Transnational Literary Culture in the Cold War and Beyond

Author(s): Františka Schormová / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

GOODMAN, Brian K.: The Nonconformists: American and Czech Writers Across the Iron Curtain. Cambridge (Mass.) – London, Harvard University Press 2023, 368 pages, ISBN 978-0-674-98337-3.

Two Similar Books on Czechoslovak Normalization

Author(s): Václav Kaška / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

McDERMOTT, Kevin – STIBBE, Matthew (eds.): Czechoslovakia and Eastern Europe in the Era of Normalisation, 1969–1989. Cham (Switzerland), Palgrave Macmillan 2022, xix + 345 pages, ISBN 978-3-030-98270-6; BRENNER, Christiane – PULLMANN, Michal – TIPPNER, Anja (eds.): After Utopia: Czechoslovak Normalisation between Experiment and Experience, 1968–1989. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Collegium Carolinum, Pelham, 8–11 November 2018. (Bad Wiesseer Tagungen des Collegium Carolinum, Vol. 41.) Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2022, vi + 403 pages, ISBN 978-3-525-33614-4.

Tug-of-War of the Powerful: A Useful Addition to Research on State-Socialist Censorship, although in Want of a Theoretical Synthesis

Author(s): Libora Oates-Indruchová / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

ANDREAS, Petr – ŠTEFEK, Martin (eds.): Optimální cenzurou bude kádrová politika: Tisková politika v období tzv. normalizace 1968–1989. Praha, Academia 2023, 511 pages, ISBN 978-80-200-3461-8.

Czech Art History – Science in Quiet Seclusion, (Finally) Removing Its Velvet Gloves

Author(s): Marcela Rusinko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

BARTLOVÁ, Milena: Dějiny českých dějin umění 1945–1969: Dějiny umění slouží vědě o člověku. Praha, Vysoká škola uměleckoprůmyslová 2020, 549 pages, ISBN 978-80-88308-11-9.

Ženski portreti u Tacitovim Analima

Author(s): Sanja M. Ljubišić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

In his Annals, Tacitus provides female portraits from various aspects of their agency in the Roman Empire. On the historical scene there emerge the characters of mothers, wives, empresses, mistresses, warriors, and heroines. The historian features numerous women of the Empire who played either direct or indirect roles in the socio-political events of their respective periods. Despite an occasional unfavourable stance he takes towards these women, Tacitus saves a prominent position for them. Amongst the characters analysed are Livia, Agrippina the Elder, Agrippina the Younger, Messalina, Poppaea Sabina, Octavia, Boudica, and Epicharis. The female portraits presented can be divided into positive and negative characters, into those the historian shows respect for and those towards whom he shows his contempt. Among the women displayed, the highlighted ones are duces feminae, who are endowed with predominantly male traits. Those are women who not only governed the private sphere of the Roman society, but also the public one, through their husbands or sons, heirs to the throne (Livia, Agrippina the Younger). Some of them were powerful mistresses and affected the course of events in the Empire in that capacity. When depicting such women, Tacitus makes use of the rhetoric technique dating back all the way to Sallust – the use of the woman as a prototype of the man (Messalina, Poppaea). Furthermore, one should mention heroines who, for the sake of their libertine ideals, boldly sacrifice their lives (Boudica, Epicharis). According to Tacitus, death is an act of preservation of honour, as well as a redemption for an ill-conducted life (Agrippina the Younger). Among the positive and idealised female portraits one finds faithful wives and mothers (Agrippina the Younger, Octavia). Agrippina is a symbol of fidelity and fertility, and Octavia a symbol of female passivity and tolerance. In order to bring the female characters as truthfully as possible, Tacitus deploys linguistic and rhetoric devices. By carefully selecting the nouns and adjectives of pejorative meaning, along with the technique of repetition of emotionally pregnant words and phrases, he paints individual portraits. Utilising the rhetoric technique of innuendo, the historian often indirectly hints at certain conclusions, insinuating misconduct and accusing the women of the Empire of various crimes.

Jubileji

Author(s): Mateja Ribarič,Anton Arko,Zdenko Medveš,Milan Hladnik,Tatjana Hojan / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/2018

Anniversaries: Tatjana Hojan, France Strmčnik, Ivan Vidav, Ivan Cankar, Aleš Ušeničnik, Fran Jaklič, Štefan Kociančič, Janez Verbic, Janez Ludvik Schönleben Slovenian School Museum

ШТАМПАНИ МЕДИЈИ О РАДУ БАЊОЛУЧКОГ ПОЗОРИШТА ОД 1930. ДО 1941. ГОД.

Author(s): Ljiljana Čekić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2020

In this paper, an analysis of the print media that followed the work of the National Theatre of the Vrbas Banovina and the way in which this work was presented to the public will be done. In addition to the basic historiographical method, this analysis will use the method of analysis and synthesis, as well as the case study method where the published texts on its work are observed for a limited period on the example of a cultural institution. Qualification of articles, authors and journals will be done by the method of content analysis published in newspapers. The method of synthesis will establish the mutual reciprocity of theatre criticism, as well as its authors. The establishment of a professional theatre in Banja Luka in 1930 caused an increased number of published texts that analyzed theatrical events. Along with the increase in the number of texts that followed the work of the National Theatre, but also other theatrical events that took place in the entire Vrbas Banvina, the size of theatre audiences, as well as the level of its cultural needs, which increased. A number of journals that published reviews or critiques of theatrical performances, and their observation period was limited by their lifespan.

Д-р Недялка Василева – Головина (лекар на детските здравно – съвещателни станции във Варна)

Author(s): Galina Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Д-р Недялка Василева (1900-1983) е трайно свързана с детското здравеопазване. Още от студентка тя се ориентира към превантивната медицина. Нейната дипломна работа на тема: „Бъдещата дейност на сестрите посетителки в България“ е доказателство за привързаността ѝ към профилактиката. Цел: Да се проучи живота, делото и приноса на Д-р Недялка Wасилева Головина за детското здравеопазване в град Варна. Методи: историческо-документален. Проучени са документи от архивни фондове на Държавен архив (ДА) - Варна и публикации в периодичния печат. Резултати: Д-р Недялка Василева е една от четирите новозавършили лекарки през 1924г., определени от Дирекция народно здраве (ДНЗ) да оглавят диспансери за борба с детската смъртност и туберкулозата. Тя преминава специализирано обучение в противотуберкулозния диспансер в София, детската клиника на Александровска болница, в ДНЗ – за подготовка по администрация. Диспансери не се откриват, но получената кавалификация е добра основа за работата ѝ в новооткритите детски здравно-съвещателни станции първо в София, а от 1927 до 1958 г. тя всеотдайно служи на децата във Варна. Нейният пример се изразява в дълготрайното ръководство на здравно-съвещателните станции, желан консултант на майките и разпространител на здравни знания сред гражданите чрез лични контакти, публикации в печата, радиопредавания, изложби. Тя е първи организатор на плаж за децата от детските здравно-съвещателни станции в продължение на 15 години. Заключение: Името на д-р Недялка Василева-Головина остава записано в историята на здравеопазването като изключителен пропагандатор, организатор и учител в създаване на нова култура за съвременни здравни грижи за новородени и деца в широки слоеве от варненското гражданство.Introduction: Dr. Nedyalka Vassileva (1900 - 1983) is permanently connected to the child health care. Ever since she was a student, she has been geared up to the preventive medicine. Her diploma thesis on the subject: „The Future Activity of Visiting Nurses in Bulgaria” is a prove of her devotion to the preventive care. Aim: To study the life, the achievements and the contribution of Dr. Nedyalka Vassileva-Golovina to the child health care in the city of Varna. Methods: historical-documentary. Documents from the archival funds of the State Archives in Varna and periodic publications have been examined. Results: Dr. Nedyalka Vassileva is one of the four doctors, newly graduated in 1924, who were determined by the Public Healthcare Directorate to take the lead of dispensaries for the prevention of child mortality and tuberculosis. She has undergone specialized training and study at the Anti-tuberculosis Dispensary in Sofia, at the Children’s Clinic of Aleksandrovska Hospital, at the Public Healthcare Directorate – for training in administration. These dispensaries have not been opened, however, the gained qualification was a good foundation for her work at the newly opened child health advisory stations, firstly in Sofia, and then, from 1927 to 1958, in Varna, where she worked with heart for the children. The example set by her finds expression in the long-term management of the health advisory stations, the consultancy desired and preferred by the mothers and the dissemination of health knowledge among the population through personal contacts, publications in the press, radio broadcasts, and exhibitions. She first promoted a beach for the children from the child health advisory stations which functioned for 15 years. Conclusion: The name of Dr. Nedyalka Vassileva-Golovina will stay in the history of public health as an outstanding propagandist, organizer and teacher creating new culture for contemporary health care for newborn infants and children of Varna.

Citizenship Preferences of Ottoman Jews in the Transition from the Millet System to Citizenship in the Ottoman Empire (1869–1914)

Author(s): Ahmet Kısa,Aydın Yiğit / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The “Millet System” constituted the basis of the Ottoman societal structure. The “Millet System” allowed different communities, including Ottoman Jews, to exercise their beliefs and cultures however they wanted and without exposure to any oppression. However, the economic and social problems experienced in the 19th century required the establishment of a new social administration system. For this reason, in 1869, the “Citizenship Law” was enacted, and the subjects of the Ottoman State were given the right to modern citizenship. This law, which had a secular nature, gave rise to the concept of “citizenship”, where all subjects were included under the rule of the Ottoman authority without regard to their religion or sect. In this study, the status of Ottoman Jews following the enaction of the Citizenship Law is investigated based on the specific case of those changing their citizenship. The factors that affected the appeal of Jews to relinquish their Ottoman citizenship are examined based on their preferences of countries for citizenship and their short biographies found in relevant documents. This study revealed that the number of Jews who renounced Ottoman citizenship were limited. The archive records used on the subject mostly belong to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Hariciye Nezareti). From time to time, the issue was referred to the Council of State (Şura-yı Devlet), and concerns about the compliance of citizenship related actions with the legislation were resolved.

ISTORIJA JUGOSLOVENSKE IDEJE 1500-1918

Author(s): Fikret Midžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2018

Review of: Istorija jugoslovenske ideje 1500-1918. Autori: Boro Bronza, Slavojka Beštić-Bronza, Boško M. Branković i Borivoje Milošević Izdavač: Nezavisni Univerzitet Banja Luka, 2018.

ОСМАНСЬКІ АКЧЕ, МЕДІНІ ТА ІКІЛІКИ КІНЦЯ XVI – ПОЧАТКУ XVІII ст. В КОЛЕКЦІЇ ОДЕСЬКОГО АРХЕОЛОГІЧНОГО МУЗЕЮ

Author(s): Dmytro YANOV / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 8/2024

The paper introduces the silver coins of the Ottoman Empire of small denominations of the late 16th – early 18th centuries, stored in the old numismatic collection of the Odesa Archaeological Museum of the NAS of Ukraine (formed before the Second World War), including: Mehmed III (1595–1603): akçe minted in Sidrekapsi (1 pc.) and Kostantiniye (1 pc.) Ahmed I (1603–1617): akçe minted in Amid (2 pcs.) and medini minted in Misr (1 pc.) Osman II (1618–1622): akçe minted in Misr (1 pc.). Mustafa I, 2nd reign (1622–1623): akçe minted in Kostantiniye (1 pc.). Murad IV (1623–1640): akçe minted in Kostantiniye (1 pc.) and Belgrade (2 pcs.), medini minted in Misr (2 pcs.), Ibrahim (1640–1648): akçe minted in Kostantiniye (5 pcs.) and Misr (1 pc.), ikilik minted in Kostantiniye (2 pcs.), medini minted in Misr (1 pc.). Ahmed III (1703–1730): hand struck medini minted in Misr in the beginning of the reign (1 pc.). The circumstances and time of the finds of these coins are unknown. However, most likely, they were found in the North-Western Black Sea region. The loss of information about the context of the find negatively affects the value of these coins as sources of the history of currency circulation. Nevertheless, the data on the type, weight and typology of these coins can be considered in further studies on the history of minting and cataloging of coin types of the Ottoman Empire. Particularly noteworthy are the relatively rare types of akçe of Ahmed I minted in Amid, second reign of Mustafa I minted in Kostantiniye, Osman II and Ibrahim minted in Misr. The examined coins belong to three denominations: akçe, which was the main silver currency of the Ottoman Empire in the 14th – 17th centuries, medini (also known as medin/maydin, later para), which was minted in Misr (Egypt) even before the Ottoman conquest of this region and was incorporated into the Ottoman monetary system as a local currency, and ikilik or double akçe, which was minted only during the reign of Ibrahim (1640–1648) in Constantinople.