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The author of the article analyses the work of the Ukrainian writer Yuri Vynnychuk "Tango of Death", paying particular attention to the image of a child and the creation of childhood taking place against the backdrop of multicultural Lviv and in the face of war, occupation, and finally the Holocaust. The childhood presented in the piece was built on the basis of the construction of paradise, while growing up and the accompanying historical changes implement the concept of exile from paradise.
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The article considers the phenomenon of memory, lack of memories and their construction as a motivation for further actions of an adult. On the example of the story of the heroine of the novel Sofia Andrukhovych Felix Austria shows the influence of childhood memories on the formation of personality.
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Eight short stories published under the collective title Lives is an introduction to the world of history of an adolescent boy. They were written on the basis of the author’s personal experiences, but they represent the experience of an entire generation. The narrative he undertakes partly serves to build his own identity. Hence, extracting successive facts from memory and creating structures out of them performs not only a literary function. The manner of narration presented by Sentsov inspires empathy and accentuates the child’s helplessness towards the system. A great story touches everyone, even the youngest. The disintegration of the system affects not only the functioning of the state and its structures, but most of all individual social groups, individuals and their families.
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Childhood, childishness, adulthood – these categories are changing during crises, acute social change, and especially during the war. The works of writers of two different nations, about two different wars, are however united by one common feature: in the centre of these works is the fate of a child who must live / survive / grow up during the war. Interpretation of a child’s psychology of influence of social events on the fate of a small person, which values help to survive and which are levelled is considered in the novels Serhii Zhadan’s "Boarding School" and Marcus Zuzak’s "The Book Thief". An attempt to combine works about the times of the middle of the XX and the beginning of the XXI centuries makes possible to compare and find common features in multinational literatures in depicting childhood in times of crisis.
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Rachid Mimouni, one of Algeria’s most prominent writers during the last decades of the XX thcentury, had a very ironical view of the political system on his country, during the years after the Independence war against France. Like Rachid Boudredra or Nabil Farès, during the same epoch, he criticized the corruption of the ruling class and the rising Islamism. This is why the article attempts to show the ironical side of two of his best-known novels (Le Fleuvedétourné, 1982 and L’Honneur de la tribu, 1989) in which dictatorship is pointed at, both of these writings being parables which mock, in an allegoric way, the political rulers.
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The famous writing Communing with himself of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius reveals itself to us today as a work of present interest, not only seen as a philosophical guide for the state rulerʼs life, but also under the feature of a psychological handbook sui generis that regulates the communication between rational beings and their self, and the world, in every historical time. This aspect has been grasped by Gabriel Liiceanu, who writes that Communing with himself is a treatise on techniques of improvement and restraint of oneʼs ego. But the remarkable thing is that the desideratum to acquire and improve the control on the egoʼs adverse phenomena (such as, for instance, carelessness, hatred, envy, the desire for revengeor glory etc.) applies both to sovereigns and their subjects (common people). In our view, the major consequence of this controlʼs success – in exceeding the Stoic presuppositions of Marcus Aurelius – is a better communication with others and with the self, the last one being made better just through the improvements of the first one.
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