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For several years film tourism has been perceived as a new trend in cultural tourism. Following this trend, this work aims to determine which forms of film tourism are currently developing in Kraków. Moreover, it wants to indicate the potential of the city to create a tourism product in this field. In the research, guidebooks, as well as film materials and internet sources, have been used. Moreover, the offer of Kraków travel agencies regarding organised guided tours based on film have been analysed, along with sources such as city council strategic documents and reports. The research has demonstrated that Kraków is a city with high tourist potential in those terms. It regards both film production (including its surrounding area) and organisation of film festivals. However, analysis of guidebooks and local travel agency offers has pointed to a low interest in film. The research presented in the article, due to its attempt at comprehensiveness and up-to-dateness in the context of new ideas for the development of tourism products, constitutes a contribution to Polish literature on cultural tourism. In practical terms, it may become an inspiration for those who are responsible for creating tourism products based on Kraków’s film heritage.
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This article is devoted to the life and work of Ewa Wójcik, a specialist in the history of books and the press in Kraków and Lvov in the 20th century
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This article develops issues addressed in a letter written by Wacław Anczyc. The content of the letter presents the opinions of the Association of Owners of Printing Houses of Western Galicia and their views on the problems of Galician printing at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These problems include irregularities in granting licenses for running a printing house, compliance with the price list for printing works, and unfair competition in printing.
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The Austrian Library Association (Österreichischer Verein für Bibliothekswesen) was one of the oldest associations of librarians in Europe, functioning in the years 1896-1919. Its goal was professional and scientific improvement as well as integration of librarians from different lands belonging to the Habsburg monarchy. The article presents the origin and activities undertaken by the Association, particularly the published periodical, which was thematically related to various aspects of working in libraries and the formation of the librarian profession. It also presented information about specific libraries (an address book of monarchy libraries was published). Lviv librarians who belonged to the Association actively participated in its operations: Rudolf Kotula published articles on, e.g., Polish libraries in Austria, especially the Library of the University of Lviv, as well as in other Polish communities. He also took part in an extraordinary congress in 1913, which revealed conflicts in the relationship between the Association’s headquarters and provincial librarians, as well as problems relating to the concept, financing and scope behind the periodical. This article uses source materials to date unknown in scientific communities.
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The aim of this article is to present – from the perspective of the collected sources – the activities of the Library of count Wiktor Baworowski Foundation. The paper may contribute to the reconstruction of the library space, along with its equipment and activities (e.g., renovation works or purchase of furniture) conducted there to protect the book collection. The Baworovianum archives serve as a source, offering a new look at the functioning of the institution. In addition, the analysis and compilation of individual data provide information about the library’s cooperation with external bodies. The selection and review of sources made it possible to outline and systematise a number of issues previously not addressed by researchers. Those related to the work carried out also by the librarians in one of the most important foundation libraries in Lviv and Poland.
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Orchestras existed in most high schools. They were composed of either wind or string instruments but rarely were they mixed. Sometimes interest circles of music lovers or mandolin players cooperated with the orchestras. In general, the activity of the orchestras developed successfully. The students were actively interested in music and developed their skills in the orchestra. In most cases, they were hampered by financial issues related to the cost of purchasing and maintaining their instruments. The orchestras were supervised by teachers, professors, and sometimes professional musicians who had enthusiasm for this kind of work, but often worked for small fees. The orchestras mostly performed during school celebrations. In practically all the junior high schools, they performed separate soirées in honor of each of the Three Bards (Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, and Zygmunt Krasiński). Other celebratory performances included the following themes: the anniversaries of the November and January Uprisings, the May 3rd Constitution, anniversaries of the reign of the Habsburg dynasty, anniversaries of the death or birthday of Maria Konopnicka, Piotr Skarga, Reverand Jozef Poniatowski, and the anniversaries of Polish victories at Vienna, or Grunwald, and other events important to national history. School orchestras also played in student marches and parades, during games, excursions, and religious events. Additionally, they often played during events for the wider public by participating in official ceremonies, festivals, and picnics. For this reason, they garnered public sympathy and social support which was very important, especially when buying instruments. The orchestras had a powerful influence on the students’ interests in music because being part of the orchestras taught them sensitivity to aesthetics and beauty. Their participation in the ceremonies related to the cultivation of national traditions and customs contributed to the formation of patriotic feelings among the students.
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In 1952, the Communists changed the copyright law in Poland that limited copyright protection and linked it to censorship. From the very beginning, however, they deliberately violated copyright laws and international conventions, including the Berne Convention which Poland had been a member of since 1920. The new law strengthened government control over publishing policies and over the transmission of intellectual content that ultimately led to restrictions on the freedom of expression. In particular, the law introduced strict rationing of authors’ earnings, which ceased to be market-driven and depended on administrative decisions. In the case of translations, noncompliance with international regulations led to the withholding of approvals for Polish translations and prevented Polish literature from entering foreign markets, especially Western ones. Books were published without translation approvals, and royalties were charged in violation of international rules. Additionally, payments were withheld especially to Western countries, and the provisions of publishing contracts were not respected. Foreign publishing agencies were abolished and trade contacts were taken over by a state agency. These practices resulted in a significant deterioration of contacts with foreign publishers, including those from the countries in the so-called Eastern Bloc. The result was a narrow readership of foreign literature (especially Western literature), a reduction in the quality of the translations of both Polish and foreign authors, and the absence of translated Polish literature.
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Contemporary research in historical book collections has recently gathered momentum, both thanks to a greater intensification of multiangled exploration (including origin-oriented studies) and the fact of its greater accessibility through international catalogue databases. The catalogues from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which in the past have frequently fallen prey to dispersion and scattering, serve as an example of how difficult it is to organize them in a coherent manner. The article sets out to investigate the problem of ancestral book collections as an instructive example of strengthening international and interdisciplinary cooperation in this field of work. The ancestral collections belonging to the Sapieha and the Radziwiłł families serve to show the current state of research in the area, its concepts and perspectives.
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Although reading became generally more popular in the eighteenth century, the lower classes were not exposed to books for quite some time. Discussions about books only took place in aristocratic salons and at social meetings of rich noblemen, scholars and burghers. Readership, which increased mainly in bigger, important towns, was low in rural areas. Warsaw (due to the circles of scholars and writers, reforms of education, theatre, journalism, patrons and the offerings of publishing houses and booksellers) provided optimal conditions for the development of readership in Poland, yet, even there, only the well educated people engaged in reading. Because the Poles were not very interested in books, institutions which produced and distributed them began to encounter financial problems. Publishing houses and bookstores in Lvov also had problems with disposing of excess copies (printed or imported for sale). They had to devise various strategies to inform their clients about the books they offered or persuade them to buy them. Advertising was not always successful and unwanted books remained stored and unsold for long periods. To deal with this problem, those who had contributed to their publication were obliged to undertake various “creative” book-selling strategies. This article describes the practice of reissuing books, a solution that Piller’s printing house and Karol Bogusław Pfaff’s bookstore in Lvov adopted.
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Among the most important economic institutions operating in Lviv in the times of Galician autonomy were the Chamber of Commerce and Industry and its subordinate Institute of Technology, which had existed since 1909. The most important functions of the Institute included publishing activities on the book and press markets. The Institute of Technology specialised in publishing trade titles targeted at Galician industrial entrepreneurs and craftsmen. Particularly noteworthy was a biweekly magazine called “Rękodzielnik” published between 1912 and 1914. Before the outbreak of World War I, it was the most widely read magazine in Lviv and Eastern Galicia dedicated to small and medium-sized craft businesses. It published primarily specialised articles on the latest production techniques used in crafts and industry, as well as journalistic texts that attempted – mostly successfully – to discuss vital issues related to the current economic policy of the state (Austria-Hungary) and the country (Galicia). In addition, the Institute of Technology (and, through it, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry) also made its presence known in the book market. Only in the years preceding the war were several highly specialised books on handicraft production methods and science materials published under the Institute’s name. The Institute’s publishing activity came to a halt temporarily during the Great War and the ensuing Russian occupation of Lviv. The residents of Lviv had to wait until the early 1920s for the Chamber and Institute of Technology to resume their publishing activities.
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This article reflects on the participation of Polish writers in the museum movement during World War I and the period when the borders of the Second Polish Republic were being formed. It highlights the institutional activities of these writers supporting the transformation and creation of new museums. The focus is on their journalistic activity, i.e. discussions concerning the format, tasks, and status of museum institutions in independent Poland, and also on their projects relating to establishing new museums. The analysis in this article is based on the opinions of Andrzej Niemojewski, Stanisław Sierosławski, Jadwiga Petrażycka- -Tomicka, Maciej Szukiewicz, Stanisław Witkiewicz, and Stefan Żeromski. The considerations of Mieczysław Treter, as the director of the State Art Collections in Warsaw and author of the first Polish synthesis on Polish museums, are also examined in context. This article shows that museum projects proposed by Polish writers on the threshold of the Second Polish Republic became both a testimony of the reception of the entire 19th century museological tradition, and a sign of the awareness of the changes in thinking about the social role of museums, taking place from the first years of the 20th century and accelerated by the necessity of rebuilding the Polish state. It is also shown that the planning of museum transformations by Polish writers of the years 1914 to 1923 was done with reference to their thinking about literature and its reception, and thus, museum journalism became simultaneously a testimony of literary culture of that period.
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The paper contains an overview of literary works and texts about literature (reviews, historical-literary studies), which were published in Przegląd Polski in the period 1866–1890 (the first one hundred issues of the paper). A list of writers, reviewers, translators and literary researchers who published in the periodical has been compiled. In most cases, pseudonyms have been decoded (unsigned texts are treated as anonymous). Also, a record of works published and reviewed in the journal has been drawn up, as well as examples of foreign literature translated into Polish. Statistics and lists have been subjected to quantitative and qualitative assessment.
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For a very long time in Poland, themes that allude to the Second World War were not covered in children’s magazines. This was largely due to the perception of the vulnerability of young readers as well as the trauma of the older generation. It was not until the late 50's, in the 20th century, that the periodicals started to discuss the said themes. This study intends to determine the representation of WWII and the impact of such representation in two children’s periodicals, Miś [Little Bear, publ. 1957–1989] and Świerszczyk [Little Cricket, publ. 1945–1989]. Both periodicals present the events of the Second World War in an enigmatic and oblique way; and they favoured literary genres such as poetry and short prose rather than popular science forms. Importantly, Nazi concentration camps, ghettos, civilian casualties in families and among the closest ones, evacuations, relocations, among other subjects were taboo subjects. The said issues (just as the subject of death in general) only began to appear in Polish literature for children after the year 2000. However, in recent times, children’s magazines have been concerned with other more commercial issues and the said themes have been avoided.
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This article focuses on Świerszczyk, a Polish magazine for children. It explores the development of the magazine, and further analyses the 1945 content of the magazine. Specifically, the researcher concentrates on the thematic focus of poetry and prose content in the magazine and lists the names of writers and poets who published their works in the first issues of the magazine. The authoress identifies the ways that adult creators frame messages for young readers as well as the potential influence of the messages they convey on young readers in post-war Poland. She draws conclusion on reorientating topics in line with social needs and ideology.
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This paper is dedicated to a scientific reflection on two publishing subseries of Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis – Studia Historicolitteraria and Studia Linguistica. This paper is written to mark the 75th anniversary of the Pedagogical University of Cracow, as well as two anniversaries connected with the journals – the diamond jubilee (60 years since the establishment of the periodical devoted to literary studies) and the golden jubilee (50 years since the first linguistic volume was published). These subseries are a continuation of the publishing series that started in the Institute of Polish Philology at the Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej in Cracow. The tradition of both journals dates back to the Rocznik Naukowo-Dydaktyczny Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Krakowie. At that time, they were known as Prace Historycznoliterackie and Prace Językoznawcze. Currently both journals are published under the titles, Studia Historicolitteraria and Studia Linguistica. The author of this paper briefly presents the history of both journals, their typographic evolution, as well as changes in their structure and content. It also discusses the title modifications for both subseries over the last few years.
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This article analyzes the publishing movement in Krakow from 1919–1920. In that period, 348 titles were published in Krakow, primarily by professional publishers. These were mainly publications in the field of humanities and literature. A large amount of journalism was also published on the topic of current political and social issues. A significant decrease in the number of titles was noted compared to the years before the First World War, mainly due to the lack of paper and its high price, as well as the significant increase in printing costs. This affected the publishing practices in all publishing centers. In addition, as the capital of the reborn state, Warsaw attracted writers and scholars who published their works there instead of in Krakow.
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During the successive occupations (Soviet, Lithuanian, German and again Soviet), Wilno was one of the most thriving publishing centers of conspiracy press. Between 1939 and 1945, there were probably 54 press titles published by ZWZ-AK, Regional Delegation for Wilno, Wilno Democratic Concentration, political parties, communist underworld, youth organizations and even individuals. Furthermore, there are 24 known conspiratorial pamphlets published at the time. The military and political undergrounds became the most important publishing focal points for conspiracy press. However, there were also publishers from outside this group – political organizations that did not answer to central authorities, independent groups of a military character, large numbers of youth organizations, individuals issuing underground newspapers. These publications are both a historical source of the Polish armed struggle against the occupant in Wilno and neighboring areas, mostly populated by Poles at that time, and a testament to the debates on political topics within the conspiracies.
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Alfred Toczek - historian and press expert, was born in Jasło in 1958, spent his childhood and youth in Podkarpacie, but became permanently associated with Krakow, where he studied library and information science and history at the Higher Pedagogical School. Commission of National Education in Krakow. After graduating in 1986, he started working at the Department of Library and Information Science at the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow, and a year later he completed a research internship at the Studio of the History of Periodicals at the Polish Institute of Literary Research.
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