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Sentiment Cyclicality

Author(s): Orlando Gomes / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

The paper investigates the dynamics of a model of sentiment switching. The model is built upon rumor propagation theory and it is designed to uncover, for a given population, the social process through which optimistic individuals might become pessimistic or the other way around. The outcome is a scenario of perpetual motion with the shares of optimistic and pessimistic agents varying persistently over time. On a second stage, the cyclical sentiments setup is attached to a mechanism of formation of expectations based on the notion of optimized rationality, leading to a description of the macro economy in which aggregate output and inflation exhibit sentiment driven fluctuations. The proposed model contributes to a recent strand of macroeconomic literature that recovers the Keynesian notions of animal spirits, market sentiments and waves of optimism and pessimism.

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INSTITUCIONÁLNÍ, INSTRUMENTÁLNÍ A VNĚJŠÍ ZMĚNY, ZÁKLAD PRO POVYŠOVÁNÍ V RYCHLE ROSTOUCÍM PODNIKU

Author(s): Zbyněk Jeřábek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2015

This article introduces another segment of research in the wholesale network, which took place within years 2000 to 2013. The research is relates to the innovative view on selection of the most suitable employees. In this article the research is focused on determining the relation between the segmentation criteria and promoting due to categorization not hired, not promoted, promoted, and repeatedly promoted. Simultaneously the dependence on progression in knowledge of the trading process, in accordance to categories beginners and advanced in relation to the output value, promotion is measured. Medium dependence on age, experience and advancement in the knowledge of the trading process was found out. On the contrary low dependence on gender, education and the lowest on IQ was found out. The results are concurrently the feedback for a personnel officer, who by the set system and decision making influences not only the expenses of the company, but also the performance of the company.

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A Self-determined Profession? Perceived Work Conditions and the Satisfaction Paradox among Czech Academic Faculty

Author(s): Jiří Mudrák,Kateřina Zábrodská,Kateřina Machovcová / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

While the Czech academic profession faces a range of challenges and problems, quantitative surveys indicate a relatively high level of high job satisfaction among academic faculty. This article addresses this ‘satisfaction paradox’ by exploring the perceived work conditions of Czech academics based on their own reports. The data for this study included academics’ (N = 1202) qualitative responses to open-ended questions regarding the main problems and benefits of their current academic work and workplace. Content analysis was used to categorise the respondents’ answers. Academics reported heavy workloads (26.5% of participants), a lack of financial resources (26.3%), poorquality leadership (23.7%), excessive administration (16.3%), and job insecurity (10.9%) as the most problematic aspects of their workplaces. In contrast, academics reported that good social relationships in the workplace (46.3%), autonomy of academic work (41.8%), personal fulfilment (28.9%), and work/contact with students (25.3%) were the aspects of their workplaces they valued most. These positive features appear to be prevalent, as most (80%) academics reported overall satisfaction with their work. The authors draw on job demands–resources theory to suggest that the relatively high level of satisfaction is due to (still) high levels of key job resources that support the intrinsic motivation of academics despite an environment that can be considered suboptimal in some aspects. They also point to inequalities in job demands and job resources between subgroups of academics and highlight key systemic issues that should be addressed to improve the work conditions at Czech public higher education institutions.

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A Modern Vision of Methodological Approaches in Regulation of Labor Relations

Author(s): Oleksii Ivanovich Ostapenko,Leonid Ostapenko,Oleksandra Khytra,Maryana TSVOK,Solomia VASYLIV / Language(s): English Issue: 45/2019

Legal relations in labor activity are constantly undergoing reform in Ukrainian legislation. The reason for the reform can be considered the imperfection and instability of labor relations. These factors indicate the need to study legal relations in labor activities and understand the methodological approaches and the justification for reforming legislation. Based on the use of both general theoretical and branch scientific provisions, in particular labor law, it has been proposed in this research to develop main fundamental approaches to the methodology of legal regulation of labor relations in the context of modern development of Ukraine. The study revealed that the methods, methods and techniques used in the scientific knowledge of labor phenomena are interconnected and contribute to the formation of labor relations in the world of work. Conclusions are made regarding the nature and effectiveness of methodological approaches, their relationship with the principles of theoretical and practical activity of subjects of labor relations.

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THE EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON UNEMPLOYMENT IN SLOVAKIA AND HUNGARY

Author(s): Mura Ladislav,Barcziová Anikó,Bálintová Monika,Szonja Jenei,Molnár Sylvia,Szalai Szilvia Módosné / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Covid-19 pandemic has affected almost in every aspect peoples‘ personal and professional lives. Employment losses have become an everyday occurrence during the pandemic period. As an outcome of the global coronavirus crisis of 2020, unemployment has risen significantly worldwide. In the article, we try to quantify the effect of coronavirus pandemic on the development of the unemployment and unemployment rate in two EU member states. The aim of the article is to evaluate the impact of Covid-19 crisis on the labor market in the Slovak Republic and Hungary. In order to highlight the impact of the pandemic and make comparisons between the mentioned countries, concretely comparative research method was used. Analyses are based on labor market data during the pandemic (2019-2021). Differences in unemployment by gender were examined based on annual data. Differences in unemployment by age, economic sectors and territorial units were analyzed on a quarterly basis. The results of the study indicate a noteworthy increase in the unemployment rate in the Slovak Republic and in Hungary during the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result of the coronavirus crisis, the spreading of unemployment in territorial terms has been more unbalanced for both the Slovak Republic and Hungary. Furthermore, we found that the highest unemployment rate during the considered time period was reached in the industrial sector. The pandemic has significantly impacted the unemployment of the economically active people with a lower level of education. In Slovakia have been introduced stricter anti-pandemic measures, due to which more business enterprises have closed. Also, it has led to more intensive growth of unemployment rate.

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EUROPEAN STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND HUMAN RESOURCE PRODUCTIVITY

Author(s): Andrei-Alexandru Moroşan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Following the accession to the European Union, Romania and the other former communist countries are facing multiple problems in their attempt to reduce the economic and social disparities between them and the older members of the EU. In order to support the efforts of the young members in alignment process with the Community norms and standards, the EU, through the Regional Development Policy, gives these countries structural and cohesion funds.In the present article we intend to analyze the impact that these structural funds have on the efficiency with which the human resource is used in the beneficiary companies. The analysis is performed at the level of the North-East Region of Romania on the financial statements of the companies benefiting from structural funds during the multi-annual exercise 2007-2013.In the analyzes made on the basis of the financial statements of the companies receiving non-reimbursable financial aid, we find that there are statistically representative changes regarding the increase in the average number of employees, but we could not identify any noticeable effect on the average labor productivity.

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Immersive Employee Experiences in the Metaverse: Virtual Work Environments, Augmented Analytics Tools, and Sensory and Tracking Technologies

Author(s): Daniel Carter / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This article reviews and advances existing literature concerning immersive employee experiences in the metaverse. In this research, previous findings were cumulated showing that virtual work environments as computer-generated reality spaces integrate digital twinning, remote collaboration tools, productivity software, and wearable self-tracking devices, and I contribute to the literature by indicating that text mining and analytics, data visualization tools, behavioral algorithms, cognitive computing systems, and metaverse technologies can optimize operational workflows and value creation across virtual workplaces. Throughout February 2022, a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was performed, with search terms including “metaverse” + “immersive employee experiences,” “virtual work environments,” “augmented analytics tools,” and “sensory and tracking technologies.” As research published in 2022 was inspected, only 82 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria. By taking out controversial or ambiguous findings (insufficient/irrelevant data), outcomes unsubstantiated by replication, too general material, or studies with nearly identical titles, we selected 14 mainly empirical sources. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: AXIS, MMAT, ROBIS, and SRDR.

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Virtual Hiring and Training Processes in the Metaverse: Remote Work Apps, Sensory Algorithmic Devices, and Decision Intelligence and Modeling

Author(s): Katarina Frajtova Michalikova,Petr Šuleř,Rachel Robinson / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Despite the relevance of virtual hiring and training processes in the metaverse, only limited research has been conducted on this topic. In this article, we cumulate previous research findings indicating that augmented analytics and virtual connectivity tools, predictive modeling, and digital twin technologies assist virtual meetings and employee engagement metrics. We contribute to the literature on remote work apps, sensory algorithmic devices, and decision intelligence and modeling by showing that virtual avatars as remote workforce can deploy data mining techniques, metaverse-related technologies, and collaboration tools to optimize performance parameters. Throughout March 2022, we performed a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases, with search terms including “metaverse” + “virtual hiring and training processes,” “remote work apps,” “sensory algorithmic devices,” and “decision intelligence and modeling.” As we inspected research published in 2022, only 80 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria. By eliminating controversial findings, outcomes unsubstantiated by replication, too imprecise material, or having similar titles, we decided upon 12, generally empirical, sources. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: AXIS, Dedoose, Distiller SR, and MMAT.

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Identyfikacja zagrożeń na stanowiskach pracy geodety. Studium przypadku na przykładzie wybranych przedsiębiorstw

Author(s): Piotr Prus,Magdalena Młynarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2022

The article presents the subjective identification of hazards at workstations geodesist(case study) on the example of selected enterprises. They differ primarily in the type of work performed and, therefore, in the experience of the employed people, collected over many years of work in geodesy. For hazard identification served checklist in the form of an anonymous survey. The most important threats occurring in the field and at the office workplace were identified and preventive measures were proposed to minimize the impact of these hazards on the level of work safety. The level of heat load of employees was also examined by simulating the measurements of microclimate parameters in the field and determining the WBGT value and referring them to the normative values

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Prawo do zryczałtowanego odszkodowania za naruszenie przez pracodawcę majątkowych praw autorskich pracownika

Author(s): Wioletta Witoszko,Sebastian Kwiecień / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The issue of determining the amount of flat-rate compensation for an employer’s infringement of an employee’s copyright of their own work remains disputed, particularly in practice. It is a claim for payment of a sum of money corresponding to twice the remuneration that at the time of its investigation would have been due by way of consent to the use of the work by the rightholder. The article presents a problematic issue regarding the award of compensation to an employee who proves copyright infringement but who is not obliged to determine the type of damage or its extent, nor to prove the fault of the employer.

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Development of conceptual bases of the employee life cycle within an organization

Author(s): Olena Gladka,Victoria Fedorova,Yana Dohadailo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of the study is to review and integrate various definitions of the employee life cycle (ELC) and to develop new conceptual bases of ELC by applying logical analysis and systemic approach. In this article, we suggest the employee life cycle has a “client-based” approach. Therefore the development of the ELC is similar to the development of the client life cycle and each stage of this process requires adoption and use of external and internal personnel marketing tools. At the same time, it implies simultaneous various activities of employees and employers alike. A customer-centric process on the labor markets (external and internal) is initiated by the personnel marketing product. It is defined by three levels aiming to attract and retain employees. The model of the ELC proposed hereafter shows the bilateral mechanism of the employee-employer interaction. Through the activities of external (employee attraction) or internal (employee retention) personnel marketing the organization can build its “perceived” or “received” Employer Value Proposition (EVP). The refined definition of the ELC is based on the theoretical foundations of personnel marketing and takes into account the employee and the employer’s perspectives; our definition identifies the ELC time frame and defines indicators of the ELC measurement for further empirical studies. Suggested ELC stages were developed in a way to reflect characteristics and actions for the employer and the employee simultaneously. To maintain or renew the employee engagement level a set of measures were suggested for implementation at each stage of the ELC.

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Back to the Past: Is the West Moving from Crisis Management to Full-Spectrum Deterrence Including Nuclear Force?

Author(s): Ali Abdulhassan Abbas / Language(s): English Issue: 87/2022

The aim of the current research work is to define the role of organizational virtuousness, the independent variable, and its influence upon proactive work behaviors, the dependent variable. Various important measures have been considered to determine the research variables and are discussed in detail. In this study, a total of 354 individuals working in Karbala cement factory was considered among whom the questionnaire was distributed. In order to test the research hypotheses, general confirmatory loading (structural equation modeling), descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, and gradient multiple regression analyses were conducted. A number of conclusions was reached out of which the most important is the existence of a significant impact of organizational virtuousness on proactive behavior. The sub-hypotheses also confirmed the presence of a positive moral effect.

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Dignity of Labour as the Bedrock of a Productive Society: Perspectives from the Nigerian Experience

Author(s): Abiodun Adekunle Ogunola / Language(s): English Issue: 87/2022

The work that an individual engages in shapes and fulfils human dignity by providing for one’s need and that of his/her family as it allows an individual to contribute his/her own quota to the progress of a business venture, enterprise, or organization either personal or otherwise, and to appreciate the usefulness of such contributions. The respect for, protection of, and promotion of the dignity of the individual in the workplace should therefore be the ultimate aim that individual and organizations must strive for as this will help in creating Nigerian workplaces that are dignified, and when there are dignified workplaces, the society becomes more and more productive, as they continue to experience success, growth, progress, and development.

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PROFESYONEL MUTFAK ÇALIŞANLARININ CAM TAVAN SENDROMU ALGILARI ve DENEYİMLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Author(s): Esra BOZTEPE / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 55/2022

The impressive increase in the active participation of female employees in business life around the world can be accepted as a result of the changes and developments in the cultural and economic structure. When considered in terms of women's participation in business life, business life for women contains many gains and obstacles. The rise of women, whose active participation in business life has increased in recent years, to management levels is not at the same rate. This is due to many reasons, but research shows that women are not promoted to senior positions due to the invisible glass ceiling effect. The glass ceiling characterizes the invisible and artificial barriers that prevent women from moving up the corporate ladder to managerial and managerial positions, ignoring their success and merit. In our study, the concept of female workforce, glass ceiling syndrome and its characteristics were examined theoretically and 51 professionals who were members of the Sakarya Cooks and Pastry Association were interviewed. Ardahan University Academic Ethics Committee permission was obtained for the study. The results obtained through the semi-structured interview form created through Google Forms due to the pandemic conditions were examined with the phenomenological analysis method. According to the results obtained, the perceptions and attitudes of female and male employees towards the glass ceiling syndrome were evaluated and some suggestions were made to overcome these obstacles by revealing the obstacles that women face in business life.

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LABOR MARKET RESERCH AND EMPLOYER DEMAND ANALYSIS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY: GEORGIAN EXPERIENCE

Author(s): Maia Azmaiparashvili / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2022

The tourism industry appears as a socio-economic phenomenon that can solve many economic problems facing the country. Employment remains an acute national problem in Georgia, the development of the tourism industry has a directly proportional effect on this indicator of economic importance. The level of quality of tourism products and services largely depends on labor capital. A significant problem in the hospitality sector is the lack of skilled labor, especially in the recovery from the pandemic. The paper describes the assessment of the current situation in the labor market, the needs and problems of the tourism sector, and the issue of demand and supply of tourism professions. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the employment market, to reveal the professional skills demanded by employers on the human capital skills. Study of difficulties related to filling vacancies. Education and the achieved level as the main criterion for employment in the tourism sector and determining the compliance with the required skills in the labor market, identifying the reasons for unfilled vacant positions, identifying existing challenges and formulating individual recommendations. In order to present the problem in a complex way, within the framework of the research, three categories of subjects were distinguished: employers, existing official sites offering jobs and the field of education. The identified manpower shortage is caused by various aspects such as environmental change and even deeper roots such as the education system. Qualitative, quantitative, qualitative, statistical analysis methods were used in the research process. The research itself included the processing of existing literature, the search for statistical data with the direct help of the National Statistical Service of Georgia, the use of various employment sites, conducting surveys and interviews, sorting and quantitative analysis of the retrieved data.

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Региональная дифференциация возраста выхода с рынка труда в России

Author(s): Victor Yu. Lyashok,Elena Varshavskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2022

Actual retirement age is one of the most important characteristics of older people employment and retirement behaviour. Since the mid-1990s, the effective retirement age has been used to estimate the age of exit from the labour market of older workers. In the context of significant socio-economic differentiation of Russian regions, this parameter should be assessed not only at the national, but also at the regional level. The article presents estimates of the age of exit from the labour market (effective retirement age) in Russian regions for 2010-2019, as well as identifies the factors determining its interregional differentiation. For the first time, the effective retirement age and its determining factors were assessed using Russian data. In particular, Labour Force Survey and regional statistics were analysed. To calculate the effective retirement age, both static and dynamic approaches were applied; econometric modelling was used to identify its determinants. The study revealed that in 2019 the age of exit from the labour market was 62.4 years for men and 60.2 years for women. The effective retirement age for Russian men and women is higher than the normal retirement age in the country, but is lower than the average of most OECD countries. For the period 2010-2019, the age of exit from the labour market remained practically unchanged for men, while it slightly increased for women (by 0.7 years). The age of exit from the labour market is characterised by a fairly significant and stable regional differentiation. The determinants of the effective retirement age are the northern status of a region, the relative level of pensions in the region (the ratio of the average pension to the average wage), the share of employees with higher education. The research results can be used to develop measures to increase the older people employment. Changes in the age of exit from the labour market caused by the pension reform require a further study.

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ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ФОРМ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ МОБІЛЬНОСТІ ФАХІВЦІВ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Author(s): Tatiana Grigorievna Prokhorenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2022

The content of the concept of «professional mobility» of specialists is revealed. It is proved that globalization and the use of modern information and communication technologies have significantly expanded the possibilities of their internal and external professional mobility. New forms of specialists professional mobility in the globalized world, their advantages and disadvantages are being.

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Testing Unemployment Hysteresis with Multi-Factor Panel Unit Root: Evidence from OECD Countries

Author(s): Gökhan Konat,Muhammet Fatih Coşkun / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Hysteresis is a dominant feature of unemployment in numerous countries. According to the hysteresis hypothesis, it is a well-known fact that high unemployment may persist and remain an economic threat in the long run if policy measures are not taken. In this study, it is tested whether the unemployment rates for 10 selected countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Britain and the USA) contain unit root or not, in other words, whether the hysteresis effect is valid for these countries. For this purpose, this study utilises the concept of the multi-factor panel unit root test proposed by Pesaran, Smith and Yamagata. This method measures cross-section dependence through factors. The test analyses whether the unit root is valid or not, using information about a sufficient number of additional explanatory variables. The characteristic of these additional variables is that they must share a common factor with the variable whose stationarity is tested. It is accepted that this common factor causes cross-sectional dependence. We have taken tax wedge, trade union density and minimum wage as factors that cause cross-sectional dependency and affect unemployment hysteresis. In this test developed by the authors, in the case of a multi-factor error structure, the test procedure is completed by using the information contained in 3 additional variables. The study explores not only the validity of unemployment hysteresis but also the factors that affect the rigidity of the unemployment rate. However, the research was unable to encompass the entire OECD countries and all times because of the lack of data. The results showed that the hysteresis is valid for 10 selected OECD countries.

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Оценка пространственной неоднородности экономической деятельности хозяйствующих субъектов в муниципальных образованиях Свердловской области

Author(s): Ilya Viktorovich Naumov,Natalia Leonidovna Nikulina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2022

Uneven socio-economic development of municipalities in various regions depends on many factors, in particular, on the peculiarities of the distribution of economic entities and their activities. We hypothesise that this heterogeneity increases due to unequal distribution of labour and investment resources. In order to test this hypothesis, the study assesses the impact of the distribution of personnel and investment resources in the municipalities of Sverdlovsk oblast on the spatial heterogeneity of economic activity. To this end, the methods of regression and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used. The developed methodology involves assessing the spatial heterogeneity of economic activities of various enterprises in territorial systems. Spatial regression analysis was applied to examine the impact of labour and investment resources on the heterogeneity dynamics, while spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to consider the distribution of these factors. Due to the systematic use of spatial autocorrelation analysis for various spatial weights matrices, as well as regression analysis based on panel data and geographically weighted regression, the degree of the influence of factors on the heterogeneity of economic activities in certain municipalities was established. Testing of the presented methodology revealed a trend towards an increase in the spatial heterogeneity of economic activity, its concentration in Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil, Kamensk-Uralsky, as well as in Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Pervouralsk, Verkhnesaldinsky, Polevskoy, Revda, Kachkanarsky, Berezovsky, Zarechny and Serovsky urban okrugs in the period from 2017 to 2020. The Cobb-Douglas model showed that the main factor contributing to the increase in the spatial heterogeneity of the economic entity activity is labour costs; the volume of attracted investments plays an important role in municipalities with a high concentration of shipped goods and rendered services. Based on the model modified using geographically weighted regression, the study established a degree of spatial influence of the examined factors on the economic activity and, togethe

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Оценка вклада МСП в выпуск продукции городов республиканского значения Казахстана

Author(s): Nazym Uruzbayeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2022

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) development in the regions of Kazakhstan is characterised by substantial imbalances. The cities of republican significance — Nur-Sultan and Almaty — are leading in terms of SME performance indicators. However, the quantitative development of such enterprises in these cities does not always lead to a corresponding increase in their contribution to output. Meanwhile, literature lacks studies on this relationship and its causal analysis necessary to provide scientific substantiation of the state policy to support SME development in regions. The present article aims to assess the contribution of SMEs to the output of the cities of republican significance and find solutions to the problems hindering business development. It is hypothesised that there is a weak linear correlation between the number of operating SMEs and output in Nur-Sultan and Almaty. The study utilised the Pearson correlation method, comparative and causal analysis. The presence of a positive correlation between the number of operating SMEs and the production output in the studied regions was confirmed, although, according to the correlation coefficient value, this relationship is weak. The suboptimal structure of the SME sector, as well as the low labour productivity in small enterprises are the key reasons for the weak correlation. Recommendations to stimulate the activities of SMEs were formulated based on the analysis of hindering factors (including inefficient government support). It is concluded that the reduction of the SME sector due to the COVID-19 pandemic in some way positively affected the market, since ineffectively functioning entities were eliminated. Thus, the state should focus on the targeted support and directly stimulate strong players capable of self-renewal. The research results can be useful to the state and local authorities to create measures to support SMEs and regional business regulation policy.

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