"Baby Boom" generacije na pragu penzionisanja

Author(s): Jelena Stojilković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2010

Sudden increase in the number of live births after the Second World War due to an increase in fertility rates has led to the formation of cohorts with specific characteristics or baby boom generation. This generation is unique in the history of the demographic phenomenon that has affected and affects the functioning of many segments of society. The aim of this paper is to assess structure of baby boomers who are few years away from retirement, using demographic data. Impact of baby boomer age structure of current and future retirees is described with a graphical display of current and projected age pyramid of baby boomers. Demographic pattern that women live longer than men is evident in the projected pyramid. In addition, the number of baby boomers will lead to a "younger" old population. The imbalance in the number of men and women pensioners, as well as older cohorts of women and female baby boomers was analysed. As a result, an increasing trend of women's age pensioners who are members of the baby boom generation was clearly observed, which is opposite to the older cohort of women who often were family pensioners. Different circumstances and conditions in which female boomers lived and worked will form a new "pension model" because they will gain their benefits as well as men, for the first time in significant number, unlike their mothers, which gained the right to retire after they become widows. Number of women age pensioners is getting greater compering to men, as the result of changes in the economic activities of women in the last half of the 20th century. When baby boomers retire and exit the working population, this will create a vacuum, because the numerically smaller generations will enter working population, while the sudden and very shortly, the number of population older than 60 or 65 will increase, most of them will likely to acquire the right to a pension. It is undeniable that baby boomers had impact on demographic structure, but also on society as a whole. They have been extremely important factor of development of our country during their working career, they are healthier then previous generation and many of them possess the knowledge and experience gained by the years, so rigid prediction of future changes that will produce the retirement of this generation has no excuses. Retired baby boom generation will perhaps lead to new, better way of life in old age.

"Korošec vihti bič nad železničarji" (Stavka železničarjev leta 1920 in minister za promet Anton Korošec)

Author(s): Mateja Ratej / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2010

In the following discussion the author focuses on the role of Anton Korošec in the railway strike of April 1920, when as a Head of the Slovenian People's Party he was the Minister of Transport in Stojan Protić's government. After the government of the Kingdom of SHS abolished the collective labour agreement for transport workers, in April 1920 transport all over the state was brought to a halt by a railway strike. The workers on strike were joined by the communists, who saw the mobilisation of the workers as a strong political potential. In the years after the establishment of the Kingdom, the communists represented an influential political factor. In November of the same year, after the Constituent Assembly elections, they became the third most powerful party in the country. On 24 April the strike on the streets of Ljubljana transcended any democratic norms. After the police and military intervention, 13 workers died on the Zaloška cesta street. A few days before that, at the assembly of the Slovenian People's Party confidants in Ljubljana, Korošec had cautioned against the danger of the communist movement, while during the strike he refused to communicate with the railway representatives, claiming that the strike was illegal - that is, unannounced.

"Odljev mozgova" iz Jugoslavije

Author(s): Silva Mežnarić,Ivan Grdešić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1990

Research into the emigration of highly educated labour, experts, and scientists from Yugoslavia to highly developed countries is intended to serve as an analytical basis for the creation of a policy and of means for the study and decrease of brain drain. Brain drain is a low-structured problem with a variety of causes and opposed values, to which there are no simple, fast, and final solutions. The authors present the main statistical data on the size and the dynamics of the brain drain and the basic motives and causes of this type of migration. The policy's purpose is to transform the one-direction drain into circulation of scientists and scientific information.

#50 Trends and Gaps in the Academic Literature on EU Labour Migration Policies

Author(s): Marie De Somer / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2012

This paper provides an overview of the ‘state of the art’ in the academic literature on EU labour migration policies. It forms part of the research agenda of Work Package 18 of the NEUJOBS project, which aims at reviewing legislation and practices regarding the labour market inclusionand protection of rights of different categories of foreign workers in European labour markets. Accordingly, particular attention is paid to the works of scholars who evaluate the status of rights of third-country national workers in relation to labour market access, employment security, social integration, etc., in European legislation on labour immigration. More specifically, the review has selected those scholarly works that focus specifically on analysingthe manner in which policy-makers have addressed the granting of rights to non-EU migrant workers, and the manner in which policy agendas – through the relevant political and institutional dynamics – have found their translation in the legislation adopted.

#60 Why come here if I can go there? Assessing the ‘Attractiveness’ of the EU’s Blue Card Directive for ‘Highly Qualified’ Immigrants

Author(s): Katharina Eisele / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2013

This paper analyses the attractiveness of the EU’s Blue Card Directive – the flagship of the EU’s labour immigration policy – for so-called ‘highly qualified’ immigrant workers from outside the EU. For this purpose, the paper deconstructs the understanding of ‘attractiveness’ in the Blue Card Directive as shaped by the various EU decision-making actors during the legislative process. It is argued that the Blue Card Directive sets forth minimum standards providing for a common floor –not a common ceiling: the Directive did not, as originally envisaged by the European Commission, create one European highly skilled admission scheme. This raises questions regarding its concreteuse. A critical focus is placed on the personal scope of the Blue Card Directive and the level of rights offered, and a first comparative perspective on the implementation of the Directive in five member states is provided.

#67 The US Labour Immigration Scheme – All about being attractive? EU Perceptions and Stakeholders’ Perspectives Reviewed

Author(s): Katharina Eisele / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2014

Labour immigration schemes that effectively attract qualified immigrant workers are a policy priority for many governments. But what are ‘attractive’ labour immigration schemes and policies? To whom are (or should) such policies (be) attractive? In Europe, the US is often portrayed as one of the most ‘attractive’ countries of immigration – if not the most ‘attractive’. This paper aims to analyse and provide a better understanding of the elements of the US immigration system that are supposedly attractive to foreign workers, by examining key features of the current and prospective US labour immigration rules. The paper finds that ‘attractiveness’ in this policy context is a highly malleable and flexible concept: What might be ‘attractive’ to one key stakeholder might not be to another.

#95 Money Talks. Mapping the funding for EU external migration policy

Author(s): Leonhard Den Hertog / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2016

This paper examines the role of funding in the EU’s external policies on migration, borders and asylum. Academic analysis has looked extensively into the political and legal resources of the EU in this area,but surprisingly little attention has been paid to the role of funding in the governance of this cooperation with third countries. The objective of this paper is first to understand what EU funds are involved and which actors are setting priorities for funding in the field of migration, borders and asylum. This is a highly technical field of EU governance, characterised by complex political and legal dynamics. The funding landscape is fragmented and incoherent, with limited coordination, but this incoherence can be understood in light of the broader political, sociological and institutional struggles that come to the fore in the setting of priorities for funding. This paper argues that a certain degree of incoherence is an inevitable characteristic of EU governance in this field. The bigger issue is the challenge posed to accountability by this EU funding.

(Ne)sigurnost socijalnih radnica na radnom mjestu u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Anida Dudić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 11/2020

The role of women in the social work profession from the beginnings to today, is greatly significant and indisputable. Long since, social work studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina were enrolled more often by women than by men, which is why many authors refer to social work as a “women’s profession”. The reason why women are more interested in social work studies is in the traditional understanding of women’s roles through care and welfare, and it is therefore not surprising that women more than men settle for the assisting profession. Due to the strong representation of women in the social work profession, the aim of this paper is to analyze and interpret the specific role of women in the process of professionalizing social work in Bosnia and Herzegovina.The paper pays attention to the problems and challenges faced by social workers, and in particular the level of insecurity in the workplace, the threats and attacks they are exposed to on a daily basis. The semi-structured interview (N = 14) came to conclusion that social workers are often victims of verbal and physical assaults, which makes them feel unprotected in their workplace. Due to the increasing frequency of attacks on social workers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, they need to enable official status as soon as possible, hire security guards at all social work centers and social welfare institutions, and to sanction any form of violence to protect these professionals and not to victimize their users.

(POSSIBLE) IMPACT OF CETA ON CREATION OF LAW

Author(s): Ondrej Blažo / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

The paper brings an analysis, and possible solutions, regarding “threats” to regulatory sovereignty of the parties to the CETA. Hence technical trade barriers, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, regulatory cooperation, liberalization of services and protection of investors are focal points for estimating future development of legal regime in both the EU and Canada. The analysis assesses only “possible” impact of the CETA because it will be subject to ratification and the outcome of this process is insecure.

A Country with non-Existent Unemployment. The Special Characteristics of the Czech Labour Market

Author(s): Krzysztof Dębiec / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2019

Since 2016, the Czech Republic has had the lowest unemployment rate among all EU member states (cf. Chart 1). In mid-2017, it overtook Japan to reach the top position in the ranking of OECD member states. This situation adversely affects companies which are looking for ways to cope with workforce shortages. One solution is the automation of production processes, but employers are also appealing for the country to become more open to receiving immigrant workers, above all from Ukraine. The trade unions are opposed to this, fearing that an influx of workers from other countries will slow down the rate of increase of wages. At the same time, there is a debate in the Czech Republic about the degree to which the present economic model contributes to the country catching up with the Western economies and what should be done to speed up the convergence.

ACTION AREAS OF THE LABOUR MARKET POLICY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Author(s): Aleksandra Lozanoska,Elizabeta Djambaska,Natasha Daniloska,Diana Boshkovska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The contemporary challenges of the socio-economic development are imposing more or less the same essence of the labour market policy areas and instruments in the developed countries, as well as in the developing countries. They are directly dependent on the implementation of structural reforms aimed at stabilizing the economies and fostering economic development. Concerning this, the paper is analyzing the areas for implementation of the labour market policy and activities in the Republic of Macedonia, as well as in the European Union, regarding the challenges of the contemporary society. They relate to the work of the institutions responsible for creating and implementing the labour market policy, the legislation relating to its functioning, labour force statistics and information system. The analysis is determining the target groups of the labour market and is giving certain recommendations and guidelines for possible future actions and measures that can ensure employment growth, reduction of the unemployment, and provide more efficient functioning of the overall labour market.

Affective Well-Being of Private Sector Employees in Slovakia

Author(s): Miriam Martinkovičová,Miroslava Knapíková,Alena Kascakova / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Affective Well-Being of Private Sector Employees in Slovakia. The primary aim of the paper is to present selected results of an original representative survey of the use of time in Slovak households, in which one of the methods of determining the affective component of subjective well-being was used for the first time in Slovakia. Based on the recommendations of the harmonized research on the use of time, we identified extremely positive emotion (happiness) by the means of 24-hour monitoring of the allocation and use of time for paid work, unpaid work and leisure time during the working day and free day. For this contribution, we selected those respondents who are private sector employees. We evaluated and processed the perception of the affective component of subjective well-being (SWB) in terms of age categories of employees, gender, and household category. The research has shown that the hedonic component of SWB, meaning an extremely positive emotion, is the most common among employees in the 25-49 age group at performing unpaid work activities during the working day. Employed women perform more unpaid work and they feel more positive emotions during its performance than working men. Employees living in households with children up to 15 years of age feel more positive emotions at performing unpaid work activities than employees without young children. On the other hand, employees living in households without children (up to 15 years of age) experience more positive emotions during leisure time activities.

Agentury domácích prací: Profesionálně čistá a čistě profesionální péče o „špinavou“ domácnost

Author(s): Matouš Jelínek / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Spolu s rozvojem tržního prostředí se proměňuje i přístup k úklidu v domácnosti. Nelze říci, že by se nabídka úklidu domácnosti na trhu dříve neobjevovala. Mít služebnictvo či hospodyni bylo ovšem znakem blahobytu nejvyšších vrstev (Fialová 2004), kdežto zbytek společnosti se musel o úklid postarat v rámci rodinných vazeb – z lásky a zdarma. Mít hospodyni či paní na úklid dnes už ale neznamená selhání či ostudu a ani to nutně neznačí příslušnost k nejvyšší vrstvě.

Aging Society - Rethinking and Redesigning Retirement

Author(s): Ivan Lekić,Tatjana Bačun,Sunčica Oberman Peterka,Ivana Barković Bojanić,Bruno Budimir,Antun Biloš,Zafer Kiliç,Burak Kiliç,Ivana Šandrk Nukić,Dražen Barković,Verica Jovanovski,Anita Pavković,Alka Obadić,Katarina Marošević,Izabela Pruchnicka-Grabias,Aleksandar Erceg,Julia Perić,Biljana Činčurak Erceg,Tomislav Nedić,Jovanka Damoska Sekuloska,Milan Puvača,Ivana Vidak,Helena Štimac,Ivan Kelić,Davorin Turkalj,Nefreteta Zekić Eberhard,Zrinka Stanić / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2020

The “Silver Tsunami” is here! According to various relevant sources such as the UN Population Division, the WHO, and the ILO, population across the world is getting older. By 2050, there will be more than 20% of the world’s population aged 65 years and over. Statistics for the European Union reveal the same - the age structure of the European population is expected to change significantly over the next decades and by 2060, the share of people aged 65 and above will increase from 18% to 30% compared to now, while the share of people aged above 80 will more than double. Thus, in addition to notions such as “Silver Tsunami”, “Age Wave”, and the like, it is not surprising that the European Union has launched a notion “Silver Economy” related to economic activities of the population aged 50 and over and their impact on various sectors of the national economy. This negative demographic transition, i.e. population aging, has shown four very distinctive features: unprecedented, pervasiveness, endurance and profound implications on human life in general. On a more personal level, what we are witnessing today as a trend, we will experience first-hand in the decades to come. Yet, times are changing. An aging population is becoming a reality that is surrounded by various myths when it comes to older people as workers or as consumers. The fact is that people today live longer and healthier lives, which requires a shift in perception of age when it comes to supply and demand sides of economics. It also holds true from the perspective of other disciplines. This, in turn, opens a new frontier in academic, practical and policy thinking about rethinking aging and redesigning retirement. This multidisciplinary edited book “The Aging Society: Rethinking and Redesigning Retirement” is one attempt not to be swept away by the “Silver Tsunami” tide. The content of the chapters reveals the multifaceted and highly complex issue of aging which brought together researchers from various fields. Aging has been initially dominant in medical research since it is primarily a physiological process, yet it has proven to be a social transformation with numerous repercussions calling for researchers from economics, communication, law and others to join the scientific discussion. The authors in this edition have tried to shed light on the potential of aging research by drawing attention to various topics such as aging as a normal process, concept and measurement of the quality of life of the elderly, financial challenges and retirement literacy of the older population, specific bioethical issues, silver architecture for seniors, protection of the rights and safety of older people in transport, social entrepreneurship and franchising, collaborative economy, an age-specific ICT use gap, media literacy and communication. The book has gathered authors from Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek – Faculty of Economics in Osijek, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Medicine Osijek / Clinical Hospital Center Osijek and Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Osijek, as well as Faculty of Economics and Business Zagreb (University of Zagreb), Virovitica College, Croatian Education and Teacher Training Agency, University of Information Science and Technology, “St. Paul the Apostle” (Macedonia), Beykoz University, Vocational School at Department of Social Sciences (Turkey), Nisantasi University, Vocational School at Department of Logistics (Turkey), and Warsaw School of Economics (Poland). Such institutional diversity is a signal that the issue of aging is a universally attractive research topic that easily transcends disciplinary and national boundaries. As editors of this book, we feel obliged to applaud our authors for making a research effort and scientific contribution in the advent of the global COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Our gratitude is extended to our reviewers who have been affirmative towards the content and style of this work. The publication of this book will be a permanent reminder of strength, diligence, creativity and resilience of academic scholars as individuals and universities as institutions in times challenging us on both a personal and a professional level.

Agricultural and Rural Labour Markets in the EU Candidate Countries of Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey

Author(s): Štefan Bojnec / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2011

This paper provides an overview and comparison of labour markets in agricultural and rural areas inthe three candidate countries for the EU membership: Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey. We analyse and compare the labour market structures and the factors drivingthem. The analyses are based on the available cross-section and time-series data on agricultural labour structures and living conditions in rural areas. Considerable differences are found among the candidate countries in the importance of the agricultural labour force, between rural and urban labour, and in poverty and living conditions in rural areas. Agricultural and rural labour market structures are the result of demographic and education processes, in addition to labour flows between agricultural and non-agricultural activities, from rural areas to urban ones and migration flows abroad. Declines in the agricultural labour force and rural population are fore seen for each of the candidate countries, but with significant variations between them.

Ahlaki Değerlerin “Devlet Sınırları” ve “Göçmen İşçilerin Üyelik Statüsü” Anlamları Üzerine Etkisi

Author(s): Süreyya Sönmez Efe / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2020

This paper analyses the impact of moral values on the meaning of the concept of territorial borders and the membership status of migrant workers through the lens of the moral constructivist approach. It suggests that shared values sit at the core of the states’ migration policies and law-making processes. States are not merely random collections of people that become a collective being but are communities of value that are consist of individuals who have shared values. Migrant workers’ status is determined by their membership to ‘community of value’ which arguably comprise of persons who use ‘porous values’ and/or ‘impermeable values’ to shape the legal terminology at the state level. The paper focuses on the case study of Turkey for the analysis of migration policy which concludes that socially constructed values influence the state policies and define borders and membership status of migrant workers. For the analysis, it uses primary data from interviews and participant observation; and secondary data from official legal documents collected in Turkey.

Aktyvios įtraukties koncepcija ir trajektorijos: Lietuvos atvejis

Author(s): Boguslavas Gruževskis,Rasa Miežienė,Sandra Krutulienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 4/2019

The article analyses the two dimensions of Active Inclusion Strategy (the provision of adequate income and inclusive labour market) in the country (due to limitation of the scope of the article, the empirical part does not reflect the social services dimension). The analysis revealed that during the period of 2009–2017, the adequacy of the guaranteed minimum income in Lithuania was constantly decreasing, while the differences between persons with different family status were widening. The minimum needs of some population groups remain unmet: in 2018, both the average social benefit and unemployment benefit in Lithuania were below the absolute poverty line, and the at risk of poverty rate of the unemployed in Lithuania was as high as 62.3%. The analysis also showed that the labour market in Lithuania is not sufficiently inclusive due to relatively low and non-motivating wages. The unemployment trap rate in Lithuania remained high throughout 2009–2018; in 2017, the indicator was by 15 percentage points higher than the EU-28 average. The high unemployment trap rate in the country indicates that there is a strong incentive to remain unemployed as income from employment will only be slightly higher than the unemployment benefits. The high incidence of involuntary part-time work in Lithuania (30.6% in 2017) and the decline in the transition from temporary to permanent employment contracts since 2011 also indicate that the Lithuanian labour market is not sufficiently inclusive.

Aktywne metody walki z bezrobociem w krajach Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Marianna Księżyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2004

Alfons Adam, „Die Arbeiterfrage soll mit Hilfe von KZ-Häftlingen gelöst werden“. Zwangsarbeit in KZ-Außenlagern auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Tschechischen Republik

Author(s): Dieter Bacher / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2015

Review of: Alfons Adam: „Die Arbeiterfrage soll mit Hilfe von KZ-Häftlingen gelöst werden“. Zwangsarbeit in KZ-Außenlagern auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Tschechischen Republik. Metropol. Berlin 2013. 432 S. ISBN 978-3-86331-083-7. (€ 29,90.). Reviewed by Dieter Bacher.

Analýza historiografie dejín robotníctva v slovenskom štáte (1939 – 1945) v období do roku 1989

Author(s): Adam Šumichrast / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 02/2019

The paper analyses the historiography of the „history of workers“ in the period of Slovak state (1939 – 1945) until the year 1989. In addition to the general analysis, the aim is to answer the question how far (if at all) may the „history of workers“ be identified with the labor history in historiography before 1989? Secondarily, the study provides a brief description of the thematic publications examined to find out what specific area and themes were elaborated in historiography before 1989 and how particular research trends were developed.