"Baby Boom" generacije na pragu penzionisanja

Author(s): Jelena N. Stojilković Gnjatović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2010

Sudden increase in the number of live births after the Second World War due to an increase in fertility rates has led to the formation of cohorts with specific characteristics or baby boom generation. This generation is unique in the history of the demographic phenomenon that has affected and affects the functioning of many segments of society. The aim of this paper is to assess structure of baby boomers who are few years away from retirement, using demographic data. Impact of baby boomer age structure of current and future retirees is described with a graphical display of current and projected age pyramid of baby boomers. Demographic pattern that women live longer than men is evident in the projected pyramid. In addition, the number of baby boomers will lead to a "younger" old population. The imbalance in the number of men and women pensioners, as well as older cohorts of women and female baby boomers was analysed. As a result, an increasing trend of women's age pensioners who are members of the baby boom generation was clearly observed, which is opposite to the older cohort of women who often were family pensioners. Different circumstances and conditions in which female boomers lived and worked will form a new "pension model" because they will gain their benefits as well as men, for the first time in significant number, unlike their mothers, which gained the right to retire after they become widows. Number of women age pensioners is getting greater compering to men, as the result of changes in the economic activities of women in the last half of the 20th century. When baby boomers retire and exit the working population, this will create a vacuum, because the numerically smaller generations will enter working population, while the sudden and very shortly, the number of population older than 60 or 65 will increase, most of them will likely to acquire the right to a pension. It is undeniable that baby boomers had impact on demographic structure, but also on society as a whole. They have been extremely important factor of development of our country during their working career, they are healthier then previous generation and many of them possess the knowledge and experience gained by the years, so rigid prediction of future changes that will produce the retirement of this generation has no excuses. Retired baby boom generation will perhaps lead to new, better way of life in old age.

"Korošec vihti bič nad železničarji" (Stavka železničarjev leta 1920 in minister za promet Anton Korošec)

Author(s): Mateja Ratej / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2010

In the following discussion the author focuses on the role of Anton Korošec in the railway strike of April 1920, when as a Head of the Slovenian People's Party he was the Minister of Transport in Stojan Protić's government. After the government of the Kingdom of SHS abolished the collective labour agreement for transport workers, in April 1920 transport all over the state was brought to a halt by a railway strike. The workers on strike were joined by the communists, who saw the mobilisation of the workers as a strong political potential. In the years after the establishment of the Kingdom, the communists represented an influential political factor. In November of the same year, after the Constituent Assembly elections, they became the third most powerful party in the country. On 24 April the strike on the streets of Ljubljana transcended any democratic norms. After the police and military intervention, 13 workers died on the Zaloška cesta street. A few days before that, at the assembly of the Slovenian People's Party confidants in Ljubljana, Korošec had cautioned against the danger of the communist movement, while during the strike he refused to communicate with the railway representatives, claiming that the strike was illegal - that is, unannounced.

"Odljev mozgova" iz Jugoslavije

Author(s): Silva Mežnarić,Ivan Grdešić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1990

Research into the emigration of highly educated labour, experts, and scientists from Yugoslavia to highly developed countries is intended to serve as an analytical basis for the creation of a policy and of means for the study and decrease of brain drain. Brain drain is a low-structured problem with a variety of causes and opposed values, to which there are no simple, fast, and final solutions. The authors present the main statistical data on the size and the dynamics of the brain drain and the basic motives and causes of this type of migration. The policy's purpose is to transform the one-direction drain into circulation of scientists and scientific information.

(Ne)delání rodinné politiky v České republice

Author(s): Linda Sokačová / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 0

(NE)OPRAVDANOST PRIMENE RADNOPRAVNIH PRAVILA O ZAŠTITI OD OTKAZA NA SAMOZAPOSLENA LICA

Author(s): Katarina Vidanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2021

In this paper the rights of employees and self-employed persons and the distinction between them are analysed, with the special focus on dismissal protection. Using the comparative and normative method, the author analyses these legal questions in legal systems in Spain, Austria, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland, and the United States of America, including the existence of the mid-category of semi-dependent self-employed persons in the first three abovementioned jurisdictions and practical consequences of their existence.Dismissal protection of self-employed persons represents a legal question that is not sufficiently researched in comparison to the dismissal protection of employees. The hypothesis of the author in this paper has been based on the opinion that self-employed persons who work for others are justifiably deprived of dismissal protection, unlike semi-dependent self-employed persons who are unjustifiably deprived of it, especially because the second mentioned category does not experience entrepreneurial risks and chances. Also, the question of dismissal protection of self-employed persons is very relevant when we consider the amount of misuse of this occurrence and cost savings which employers often have when employing them. In the end, de lege ferenda solutions and their implications for other legal systems are proposed by the author of the paper.

(Ne)sigurnost socijalnih radnica na radnom mjestu u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Anida Dudić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 11/2020

The role of women in the social work profession from the beginnings to today, is greatly significant and indisputable. Long since, social work studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina were enrolled more often by women than by men, which is why many authors refer to social work as a “women’s profession”. The reason why women are more interested in social work studies is in the traditional understanding of women’s roles through care and welfare, and it is therefore not surprising that women more than men settle for the assisting profession. Due to the strong representation of women in the social work profession, the aim of this paper is to analyze and interpret the specific role of women in the process of professionalizing social work in Bosnia and Herzegovina.The paper pays attention to the problems and challenges faced by social workers, and in particular the level of insecurity in the workplace, the threats and attacks they are exposed to on a daily basis. The semi-structured interview (N = 14) came to conclusion that social workers are often victims of verbal and physical assaults, which makes them feel unprotected in their workplace. Due to the increasing frequency of attacks on social workers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, they need to enable official status as soon as possible, hire security guards at all social work centers and social welfare institutions, and to sanction any form of violence to protect these professionals and not to victimize their users.

(NON-)CONVEX PRODUCTION METAFRONTIER FOR THE BALTIC STATES

Author(s): Linas Rudminas,Tomas Baležentis / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

The productive technology can be defined for different levels of aggregation (e.g., enterprises, economic sectors, economies). The groups of relatively homogenous observations can be established in order to model their performance with respect to the corresponding frontiers. The grand technology comprising all the frontiers is termed as the metafrontier. In this paper, we look into the dynamics of productivity of the three Baltic States, namely, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania over the period of 2000-2016. We establish country-specific frontiers and a metafrontier in order to identify technological superiority of the countries against each other. What is more, we apply both convex and non-convex metafrontier in order to ascertain whether the underlying axioms impact the technological gaps. The results confirm the technological superiority of Estonia with regards to the other two Baltic states. Capital productivity requires improvement in Lithuania, whereas both capital and labour productivity gains are necessary in Latvia in order to approach the metafrontier.

(POSSIBLE) IMPACT OF CETA ON CREATION OF LAW

Author(s): Ondrej Blažo / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

The paper brings an analysis, and possible solutions, regarding “threats” to regulatory sovereignty of the parties to the CETA. Hence technical trade barriers, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, regulatory cooperation, liberalization of services and protection of investors are focal points for estimating future development of legal regime in both the EU and Canada. The analysis assesses only “possible” impact of the CETA because it will be subject to ratification and the outcome of this process is insecure.

10 let dela Inštituta za zgodovino delavskega gibanja in njegovo mesto v slovenskem zgodovinopisju

Author(s): Bogdan Osolnik / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1-2/1970

Iz nekdanjega Znanstvenega inštituta pri predsedstvu SNOS, ki je bil ustanovljen na slovenskem osvobojenem ozemlju ipred 25 leti, je neposredno izšel tudi Inštitut za zgodovino delavskega gibanja. Ustanovljen je bil namreč s spojitvijo Zgodovinskega arhiva pri CK KPS in dela Muzeja narodne osvoboditve, ki je bil obenem z Inštitutom za narodnostna Mprašanja neposredni dedič in naslednik partizanskega inštituta. [...]

1833 SİVAS NÜFUS DEFTERLERİ KAYITLARINA GÖRE KALİFİYE İŞGÜCÜ GÖÇÜ VE BUNLARIN MESLEKİ, YAŞ ve GİDİLEN YER ÖZELLİKLERİ

Author(s): Üyesi Sezgin Zabun / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 39/2018

The source of this work is the 2400 population book of Sivas. In this book, information such as occupations, ages, which groups pay taxes, housing property, rent, who is going to work, whether or not they went to work, and so on. We can have information about the economic situation from which revenue group the people give the Cizye tax and whether it is the property of the house. Moving from the places where the workers went to work, it is possible to get an idea about the centers of attraction, employment-generating zones that have been labor-migrating. The records taken from the Ottoman archives of the Prime Ministry were read and classified.

1989: Szempontok a rendszerváltás globális politikai gazdaságtanához

Author(s): Márk Áron Éber,Ágnes Gagyi,Tamás Gerőcs,Csaba Jelinek,András Pinkasz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 21/2014

This article rethinks 1989 – the year commonly treated as a milestone of regime change. As contrary to this narrow view, and with the aim of laying out the conceptual foundations of possible future research projects, we give a short overview of the way Hungary became incorporated into the capitalist world system and of the key global, economic, and geopolitical factors that influenced its dependent development. For this we present a historically sensitive, global political economic narrative within which we pay special attention to the way public debt had been accumulated and how this, in turn, shaped Hungary’s position within the world system. After our analysis of the regime change we continue with an overview of the main structural dynamics of the last two decades. Finally, through two short case studies, we show how our perspective can throw new light on the political ideologies and economic policies of the era. The accumulation of state debt was not a Hungarian specificity: instead, we argue that it was rather a result of the global restructuring process and of its concomitant effect of decreasing national state-sovereignty. In the following manner, we also argue that the emergence of debates (which were central in evaluating the regime change, revolving around issues like „democracy” vs. „dictatorship” or „planning” vs. „market”) can be better understood within our global, historical, and political economic analytical framework. In the long run we identify two economic development strategies – namely, the strategy of liberalization and the strategy of protectionism – both structured around the, nonetheless entirely unfulfilled, hope of overcoming Hungary’s semi-peripheral position by „catching up” to its Western neighbors. These strategies then can be analyzed on the base of how they relate to global cycles of accumulation; how their shifts were influenced by changes in the world system; and, in turn, how these strategies organized both various elite projects shaped by global cyclical dynamics and the interpretations about our historically unfolding dependent position.

25. mednarodna konferenca zgodovinarjev delavskega gibanja

Author(s): Andrej Studen / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1-2/1990

25. mednarodna konferenca zgodovinarjev delavskega gibanja (ITH) (Linz, 12. do 16. IX. 1989)

50+ do starého železa nepatří!

Author(s): Zdena Bočarova / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 0

A Call for Establishing a Public Policy for Mitigating the Effects of Dementia on Modern Workplaces

Author(s): Yoram Braw,Erez Cohen,Yael Brender-Ilan,Idit Sohlberg / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The rise in life expectancy leads to a steady increase in the number employees with neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., dementia) and progressively declining vocational functioning. In the current paper, we describe these changes at the labor market and the challenges they entail. We point towards the key issues that should be taken into consideration when establishing policies for the aging labor market. These include implementing procedures for the early diagnosis of employees with dementias, educating employers regarding dementia and assisting employees already diagnosed with this and other disorders. These solutions will benefit both employees and the workplace overall, as well as decrease misconceptions about aging and dementia. These solutions are thereby to transform the work environment to be more responsive to the needs of employees with declining vocational functioning.

A CASE STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF CONSOLIDATION WITHIN TRANSPORT, LOGISTICS, AND FREIGHT FORWARDING CLUSTERS IN THE POMERANIAN REGION

Author(s): Jagienka Rześny-Cieplińska / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2016

This paper focuses on the advantages of the companies that act in cooperation/clusters, as an approach to prevent the possible gain of interest for competitive products. Companies operating in the forwarding, transportation, and logistics sector are seeking original methods to become competitive. Price has lost its importance when selecting transportation and logistics services providers. Nowadays, it is the quality of service rates that is considered most important, followed by reliability, flexibility, and the product range. We will examine the rest of the factors influencing customers’ choice of freight forwarding, transportation, or logistics operators, in this paper.

A Cheap and Dispensable Tool for Uranium Extraction - “Class enemies” used as forced labor in mines during the Communist regime

Author(s): Tomáš Bursík / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Long-term imprisonment involving forced labor in mines under inhumane and degrading conditions was one way of getting rid of “class enemies” without attracting too much attention to the Czechoslovak Communist regime.

A Comparison of Ukrainian Labor Migration in the Czech Republic and Poland

Author(s): Šárka Prát,Thu Minh Bui / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2018

The process of migration has been the subject of extensive debates throughout Europe. Migration patterns are constantly changing in our current globalized economy; therefore, it is insufficient to assume that countries sharing cultural, geographical, and linguistic similarities experience synchronised migration flows. This article attempts to contribute to the understanding of one of the most dominant migration streams from Eastern Europe, specifically the movement from Ukraine to the Czech Republic and Poland. The period of interest follows the accession of the destination countries into the EU between 2004 and 2014. The results show that Ukraine suffers from much worse economic and social conditions than Poland and the Czech Republic. GDP growth, unemployment, and the poverty rate are three important indicators that explain why there has been such a large influx of Ukrainians into the host countries. While educational attainment was also massively deficient in Ukraine, it appears this is a reflection of the institutional failure of the Ukrainian education system, thus leading to the education– occupation mismatch of Ukrainian migrant workers. Despite the fact that Poland and the Czech Republic are linguistically, culturally, and geographically close, the immigration flow from Ukraine has behaved very differently in each case; for instance, the most notable contrast reveals that migration to the Czech Republic, but not to Poland, was substantially affected by economic crises.

A felsőfokú tanulmányok hatása a munkaerőpiaci reintegrációra

Author(s): Ágnes Engler / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2010

A felsőfokú végzettségűek státus-inkonzisztenciája

Author(s): Péter Tibor Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2010

It is assumed that an average, recently-graduating university student will be satisfied if she/he obtains a carrier position that is usually obtained by university graduates; conversely, the attractiveness of positions occupied en masse by non-graduates will remain low in the eyes of new graduates. In our research, each job position looked at had a value of between 0 and 1 according to the proportion of such positions obtained by graduates. Thus the concept of job position – an originally non-linear category – has been developed into a linear one. This new method can therefore make an average occupation – one linked with the prestige of any social demographic group – quantifiable. We can as a result see that the average occupation prestige of graduates aged around 25 is lower than the average occupation prestige of persons of around 35 years; though the average occupation prestige of graduates aged around 25 is higher than with 45 or 55 year-old graduates. Therefore, although the commonplace that the “inconsistency between job and the level of education has grown” with the new generation is valid, it is only valid in comparison with previous cohorts – not in comparison with the whole “society of elders”. In contrast, in 1970 the average occupation prestige of graduates of around 25 was higher than the average occupation prestige of the graduates of any older generation. Taking on board these two phenomena one could say that the present situation of young graduates is worse than for older ones, or at least is worse than for older ones when they were young; and this “handicap” is more characteristic of young college graduates (BA) than for young university graduates (MA).

A felsőoktatás és a foglalkoztathatóság kapcsolatának értelmezései

Author(s): András Derényi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2010

In his article András Derényi outlines representation and the implementation of employability within higher education. Interpretations of the old idea of educational systems’ having a function of better meeting labor market needs have more complexity and are more confusing in connection with higher education. Not only have concepts of employability been changing – societal functions of higher education have additionally undergone major changes, this going along with a rapid restructuring of the labor market. Research results show that individuals’ successes given transition from the world of learning to the world of labor greatly depend on factors that are outside the higher education domain. Reactions in higher education to employability issues are therefore diverse; and there is no single good solution to the ‘development’ of employability. The main teaching characteristics of higher education require specific approaches whose common features would seem to be involvement with and cooperation among institutions and stakeholders, where cases and relevant experiences show good results for all participants.