"Baby Boom" generacije na pragu penzionisanja

Author(s): Jelena N. Stojilković Gnjatović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2010

Sudden increase in the number of live births after the Second World War due to an increase in fertility rates has led to the formation of cohorts with specific characteristics or baby boom generation. This generation is unique in the history of the demographic phenomenon that has affected and affects the functioning of many segments of society. The aim of this paper is to assess structure of baby boomers who are few years away from retirement, using demographic data. Impact of baby boomer age structure of current and future retirees is described with a graphical display of current and projected age pyramid of baby boomers. Demographic pattern that women live longer than men is evident in the projected pyramid. In addition, the number of baby boomers will lead to a "younger" old population. The imbalance in the number of men and women pensioners, as well as older cohorts of women and female baby boomers was analysed. As a result, an increasing trend of women's age pensioners who are members of the baby boom generation was clearly observed, which is opposite to the older cohort of women who often were family pensioners. Different circumstances and conditions in which female boomers lived and worked will form a new "pension model" because they will gain their benefits as well as men, for the first time in significant number, unlike their mothers, which gained the right to retire after they become widows. Number of women age pensioners is getting greater compering to men, as the result of changes in the economic activities of women in the last half of the 20th century. When baby boomers retire and exit the working population, this will create a vacuum, because the numerically smaller generations will enter working population, while the sudden and very shortly, the number of population older than 60 or 65 will increase, most of them will likely to acquire the right to a pension. It is undeniable that baby boomers had impact on demographic structure, but also on society as a whole. They have been extremely important factor of development of our country during their working career, they are healthier then previous generation and many of them possess the knowledge and experience gained by the years, so rigid prediction of future changes that will produce the retirement of this generation has no excuses. Retired baby boom generation will perhaps lead to new, better way of life in old age.

"Korošec vihti bič nad železničarji" (Stavka železničarjev leta 1920 in minister za promet Anton Korošec)

Author(s): Mateja Ratej / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2010

In the following discussion the author focuses on the role of Anton Korošec in the railway strike of April 1920, when as a Head of the Slovenian People's Party he was the Minister of Transport in Stojan Protić's government. After the government of the Kingdom of SHS abolished the collective labour agreement for transport workers, in April 1920 transport all over the state was brought to a halt by a railway strike. The workers on strike were joined by the communists, who saw the mobilisation of the workers as a strong political potential. In the years after the establishment of the Kingdom, the communists represented an influential political factor. In November of the same year, after the Constituent Assembly elections, they became the third most powerful party in the country. On 24 April the strike on the streets of Ljubljana transcended any democratic norms. After the police and military intervention, 13 workers died on the Zaloška cesta street. A few days before that, at the assembly of the Slovenian People's Party confidants in Ljubljana, Korošec had cautioned against the danger of the communist movement, while during the strike he refused to communicate with the railway representatives, claiming that the strike was illegal - that is, unannounced.

"Odljev mozgova" iz Jugoslavije

Author(s): Silva Mežnarić,Ivan Grdešić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/1990

Research into the emigration of highly educated labour, experts, and scientists from Yugoslavia to highly developed countries is intended to serve as an analytical basis for the creation of a policy and of means for the study and decrease of brain drain. Brain drain is a low-structured problem with a variety of causes and opposed values, to which there are no simple, fast, and final solutions. The authors present the main statistical data on the size and the dynamics of the brain drain and the basic motives and causes of this type of migration. The policy's purpose is to transform the one-direction drain into circulation of scientists and scientific information.

"Vážený soudruhu prezidente"

Stížnosti československých občanů adresované prezidentovi republiky v letech 1970–1989

Author(s): Tomáš Vilímek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

The study focuses on the hitherto neglected issue of complaints that citizens of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic made to their President and his Office between 1970 and 1989. The author describes the activities of the Complaints Department of the Presidential Office and how the complainants’ agenda evolved both quantitatively and qualitatively during the period of normalization. He presents the social, ethnic, regional and gender profile of the authors of the complaints, their motivation, common themes and the typical linguistic means the writers used. Using archival sources, he then analyses the five most numerous and important problem areas of the registered complaints, which concerned: housing and housing policy, social security, labour relations, travel abroad, education and study. He uses specific cases to illustrate the flow of communication between the complainants, the President’s Office and other bodies that commented on the issues. Additionally, he highlights the chronic social problems that were mirrored in the complaints and which the authorities of the normalization era regime failed to address effectively. Between 1970 and 1989, more than 323,000 complainants, mostly pensioners and workers, wrote to Presidents Ludvík Svoboda (1895–1979, in office 1968–1975) and Gustáv Husák (1913–1991, in office 1975–1989) asking for help in matters relating to poor housing conditions and their futile wait for an apartment, low wages or pension assessments, difficulties with an employer, discrimination in permitting travel abroad and resettlement, or the non-admission of children to secondary or higher education. Most of the writers asserted their personal interest and commented on the societal issues only if it was related to it or they could benefit from them. The President’s Office paid close attention to citizen complaints and in many cases its intervention did indeed help to bring about a redress. In the author’s view, it certainly made sense to write to the President in this regard, even though many requests went unheeded and, in particular, complaints with political overtones remained unanswered.

(Ne)delání rodinné politiky v České republice

Author(s): Linda Sokačová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

(Re) thinking the International Labour Law: International Labour Standards, Regulatory Strategy and Universality

Author(s): Olivia de Quintana Figueiredo Pasqualeto,Catharina Lopes Scodro / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In 2020, for the first time in the history of the International Labour Organization (ILO), we sighted the universal ratification of a Convention, that is, the ratification by all 187 Member States of the Organization. The C182—Convention of Worst Forms of Child Labour (1999) is identified as a fundamental Convention because it refers to one of the fundamental labour rights identified at ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998). This Declaration, despite having been immersed in intense debates on the regulatory option adopted by the ILO (soft law), spelled out a list of fundamental rights and principles at work, approaching to the grammar of human rights. In this sense, it is possible to understand that Convention No. 182, since it is fundamental, already had a prominent role. However, universal ratification presents itself as opportune and strategic, especially when it formalizes the commitment of States to the observance of the parameters presented in the respective international labour standard. Thus, using the deductive method (Lakatos, Marconi 2003) and the bibliographic and the documentary research techniques, the study is going to analyse the importance of universalizing international labour standards for International Labour Law.

10 let dela Inštituta za zgodovino delavskega gibanja in njegovo mesto v slovenskem zgodovinopisju

Author(s): Bogdan Osolnik / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1970

Iz nekdanjega Znanstvenega inštituta pri predsedstvu SNOS, ki je bil ustanovljen na slovenskem osvobojenem ozemlju ipred 25 leti, je neposredno izšel tudi Inštitut za zgodovino delavskega gibanja. Ustanovljen je bil namreč s spojitvijo Zgodovinskega arhiva pri CK KPS in dela Muzeja narodne osvoboditve, ki je bil obenem z Inštitutom za narodnostna Mprašanja neposredni dedič in naslednik partizanskega inštituta. [...]

101. posiedzenie Międzyresortowej Komisji do spraw Najwyższych Dopuszczalnych Stężeń i Natężeń Czynników Szkodliwych dla Zdrowia w Środowisku Pracy

Author(s): Wiktor Marek Zawieska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2022

Podczas 101. posiedzenia Międzyresortowej Komisji ds. Najwyższych Dopuszczalnych Stężeń i Natężeń Czynników Szkodliwych dla Zdrowia w Środowisku Pracy (18.03.2022 r.) rozpatrywano propozycje wartości dopuszczalnych stężeń dla dwóch substancji reprotoksycznych, tj. 1-etylo-2-pirolidonu i 1-metylo 2-pirolidonu oraz weryfikację wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia (NDS) dla benzenu, substancji rakotwórczej kat. 1A i mutagennej kat. 1B.

1833 SİVAS NÜFUS DEFTERLERİ KAYITLARINA GÖRE KALİFİYE İŞGÜCÜ GÖÇÜ VE BUNLARIN MESLEKİ, YAŞ ve GİDİLEN YER ÖZELLİKLERİ

Author(s): Üyesi Sezgin Zabun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 39/2018

The source of this work is the 2400 population book of Sivas. In this book, information such as occupations, ages, which groups pay taxes, housing property, rent, who is going to work, whether or not they went to work, and so on. We can have information about the economic situation from which revenue group the people give the Cizye tax and whether it is the property of the house. Moving from the places where the workers went to work, it is possible to get an idea about the centers of attraction, employment-generating zones that have been labor-migrating. The records taken from the Ottoman archives of the Prime Ministry were read and classified.

1989: Szempontok a rendszerváltás globális politikai gazdaságtanához

Author(s): Márk Áron Éber,Ágnes Gagyi,Tamás Gerőcs,Csaba Jelinek,András Pinkasz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 21/2014

This article rethinks 1989 – the year commonly treated as a milestone of regime change. As contrary to this narrow view, and with the aim of laying out the conceptual foundations of possible future research projects, we give a short overview of the way Hungary became incorporated into the capitalist world system and of the key global, economic, and geopolitical factors that influenced its dependent development. For this we present a historically sensitive, global political economic narrative within which we pay special attention to the way public debt had been accumulated and how this, in turn, shaped Hungary’s position within the world system. After our analysis of the regime change we continue with an overview of the main structural dynamics of the last two decades. Finally, through two short case studies, we show how our perspective can throw new light on the political ideologies and economic policies of the era. The accumulation of state debt was not a Hungarian specificity: instead, we argue that it was rather a result of the global restructuring process and of its concomitant effect of decreasing national state-sovereignty. In the following manner, we also argue that the emergence of debates (which were central in evaluating the regime change, revolving around issues like „democracy” vs. „dictatorship” or „planning” vs. „market”) can be better understood within our global, historical, and political economic analytical framework. In the long run we identify two economic development strategies – namely, the strategy of liberalization and the strategy of protectionism – both structured around the, nonetheless entirely unfulfilled, hope of overcoming Hungary’s semi-peripheral position by „catching up” to its Western neighbors. These strategies then can be analyzed on the base of how they relate to global cycles of accumulation; how their shifts were influenced by changes in the world system; and, in turn, how these strategies organized both various elite projects shaped by global cyclical dynamics and the interpretations about our historically unfolding dependent position.

25. mednarodna konferenca zgodovinarjev delavskega gibanja

Author(s): Andrej Studen / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1990

25. mednarodna konferenca zgodovinarjev delavskega gibanja (ITH) (Linz, 12. do 16. IX. 1989)

50+ do starého železa nepatří!

Author(s): Zdena Bočarova / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

A Call for Establishing a Public Policy for Mitigating the Effects of Dementia on Modern Workplaces

Author(s): Yoram Braw,Erez Cohen,Yael Brender-Ilan,Idit Sohlberg / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The rise in life expectancy leads to a steady increase in the number employees with neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., dementia) and progressively declining vocational functioning. In the current paper, we describe these changes at the labor market and the challenges they entail. We point towards the key issues that should be taken into consideration when establishing policies for the aging labor market. These include implementing procedures for the early diagnosis of employees with dementias, educating employers regarding dementia and assisting employees already diagnosed with this and other disorders. These solutions will benefit both employees and the workplace overall, as well as decrease misconceptions about aging and dementia. These solutions are thereby to transform the work environment to be more responsive to the needs of employees with declining vocational functioning.

A CASE STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF CONSOLIDATION WITHIN TRANSPORT, LOGISTICS, AND FREIGHT FORWARDING CLUSTERS IN THE POMERANIAN REGION

Author(s): Jagienka Rześny-Cieplińska / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2016

This paper focuses on the advantages of the companies that act in cooperation/clusters, as an approach to prevent the possible gain of interest for competitive products. Companies operating in the forwarding, transportation, and logistics sector are seeking original methods to become competitive. Price has lost its importance when selecting transportation and logistics services providers. Nowadays, it is the quality of service rates that is considered most important, followed by reliability, flexibility, and the product range. We will examine the rest of the factors influencing customers’ choice of freight forwarding, transportation, or logistics operators, in this paper.

A CGE analysis of the impact of climate change on sustainable development: the case of High Plateaux region, Algeria

Author(s): Mohammed Touitou / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The paper aims to assess the impact of climate change on sustainable development in the case of the High Plateaux region of Algeria. A baseline “climate change” scenario and an “adaptation” scenario were assessed as part of our work. The methodological approach implemented is broken down into three interconnected evaluation phases, pre-modelling phase, modelling phase and post-modelling phase. The work has shown that these complex ex-ante evaluation approaches are adaptable and applicable in the context of Algeria. Our findings indicate that climate change would have a significant impact on economic aggregates on a regional scale. It also highlighted that the calculation of a single index of the impact of environmental policies on the sustainability of arid regions confirms the hypothesis of gaining sustainability by working towards a strategy of adaptation to climate change.

A Cheap and Dispensable Tool for Uranium Extraction - “Class enemies” used as forced labor in mines during the Communist regime

Author(s): Tomáš Bursík / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Long-term imprisonment involving forced labor in mines under inhumane and degrading conditions was one way of getting rid of “class enemies” without attracting too much attention to the Czechoslovak Communist regime.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SOFTWARE USED IN THE LABOR MARKET VS THE EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE OF POSTUROLOGY USED IN THE TRAINING OF PHYSIOTHERAPY

Author(s): Catalin Ionite,Iustina Condurache / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2020

The technological and informational explosion had a negative impact on human health by reducing the time allocated to movement in the daily activity. The simple activities such as newspaper picking, shopping, paying bills, etc., can now be done by a simple click from the computer or mobile devices. The technological development of the 21st century offers daily comfort, but it increases the time spent in static positions, favours the appearance of sedentary and producing changes in the posture of individuals. A correct body posture is a sign of good psycho-physical balance of the individual. Modifying it decreases the body's ability to fight against gravity, to oppose external forces, to balance itself during movements such as, to perform them etc. The consequence of these changes leads to the appearance of pathologies / diseases in all the segments of the body. The study aimed to identify in three databases of virtual libraries the devices and software used in the analysis of the individual's posture by the labour market and research, and then the identified information was compared with the software used by students from the specialization of Physiotherapy (Balneology, physical therapy and medical rehabilitation), from the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Iasi. After studying the specialized literature from three virtual libraries and identifying the devices and software used by the market specialists and comparing them with the devices and software used by the students within the specialization of Physiotherapy (Balneology, physical therapy and medical rehabilitation), we can say that the last class are using topical devices in posture analysis, but they do not depart from the classical methods of posture evaluation, while in the same time are making a comparison between the two generations.

A Complex Analysis of Labour Market in the European Union. Benefits and Barriers for Romania

Author(s): Alin Ioan Creţu,Laurentiu Tescan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The European Union aims, as the main objective, to increase the employment rate of the population and using it to its full potential in order to increase living standards. When control of barriers between EU Member States was lifted, it was necessary to create a european single market (Single European Market) that encouraged the interdependence of the economies of states and the development of a common system of laws. Taking into account the social component, single labor market (European Single Labour Market) is a critical element in achieving the benefits of an integrated market. Moreover, it is one of the key forces for achieving the Europe 2020 goals, particularly in relation to employment rates and initiative Youth on the Move (in order to improve education and employment among young people).

A felsőfokú tanulmányok hatása a munkaerőpiaci reintegrációra

Author(s): Ágnes Engler / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2010

A felsőfokú végzettségűek státus-inkonzisztenciája

Author(s): Péter Tibor Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2010

It is assumed that an average, recently-graduating university student will be satisfied if she/he obtains a carrier position that is usually obtained by university graduates; conversely, the attractiveness of positions occupied en masse by non-graduates will remain low in the eyes of new graduates. In our research, each job position looked at had a value of between 0 and 1 according to the proportion of such positions obtained by graduates. Thus the concept of job position – an originally non-linear category – has been developed into a linear one. This new method can therefore make an average occupation – one linked with the prestige of any social demographic group – quantifiable. We can as a result see that the average occupation prestige of graduates aged around 25 is lower than the average occupation prestige of persons of around 35 years; though the average occupation prestige of graduates aged around 25 is higher than with 45 or 55 year-old graduates. Therefore, although the commonplace that the “inconsistency between job and the level of education has grown” with the new generation is valid, it is only valid in comparison with previous cohorts – not in comparison with the whole “society of elders”. In contrast, in 1970 the average occupation prestige of graduates of around 25 was higher than the average occupation prestige of the graduates of any older generation. Taking on board these two phenomena one could say that the present situation of young graduates is worse than for older ones, or at least is worse than for older ones when they were young; and this “handicap” is more characteristic of young college graduates (BA) than for young university graduates (MA).