"Baby Boom" generacije na pragu penzionisanja

Author(s): Jelena Stojilkovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2010

Sudden increase in the number of live births after the Second World War due to an increase in fertility rates has led to the formation of cohorts with specific characteristics or baby boom generation. This generation is unique in the history of the demographic phenomenon that has affected and affects the functioning of many segments of society. The aim of this paper is to assess structure of baby boomers who are few years away from retirement, using demographic data. Impact of baby boomer age structure of current and future retirees is described with a graphical display of current and projected age pyramid of baby boomers. Demographic pattern that women live longer than men is evident in the projected pyramid. In addition, the number of baby boomers will lead to a "younger" old population. The imbalance in the number of men and women pensioners, as well as older cohorts of women and female baby boomers was analysed. As a result, an increasing trend of women's age pensioners who are members of the baby boom generation was clearly observed, which is opposite to the older cohort of women who often were family pensioners. Different circumstances and conditions in which female boomers lived and worked will form a new "pension model" because they will gain their benefits as well as men, for the first time in significant number, unlike their mothers, which gained the right to retire after they become widows. Number of women age pensioners is getting greater compering to men, as the result of changes in the economic activities of women in the last half of the 20th century. When baby boomers retire and exit the working population, this will create a vacuum, because the numerically smaller generations will enter working population, while the sudden and very shortly, the number of population older than 60 or 65 will increase, most of them will likely to acquire the right to a pension. It is undeniable that baby boomers had impact on demographic structure, but also on society as a whole. They have been extremely important factor of development of our country during their working career, they are healthier then previous generation and many of them possess the knowledge and experience gained by the years, so rigid prediction of future changes that will produce the retirement of this generation has no excuses. Retired baby boom generation will perhaps lead to new, better way of life in old age.

1989: Szempontok a rendszerváltás globális politikai gazdaságtanához

Author(s): Márk Áron Éber,Ágnes Gagyi,Tamás Gerocs,Csaba Jelinek,András Pinkasz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 21/2014

This article rethinks 1989 – the year commonly treated as a milestone of regime change. As contrary to this narrow view, and with the aim of laying out the conceptual foundations of possible future research projects, we give a short overview of the way Hungary became incorporated into the capitalist world system and of the key global, economic, and geopolitical factors that influenced its dependent development. For this we present a historically sensitive, global political economic narrative within which we pay special attention to the way public debt had been accumulated and how this, in turn, shaped Hungary’s position within the world system. After our analysis of the regime change we continue with an overview of the main structural dynamics of the last two decades. Finally, through two short case studies, we show how our perspective can throw new light on the political ideologies and economic policies of the era. The accumulation of state debt was not a Hungarian specificity: instead, we argue that it was rather a result of the global restructuring process and of its concomitant effect of decreasing national state-sovereignty. In the following manner, we also argue that the emergence of debates (which were central in evaluating the regime change, revolving around issues like „democracy” vs. „dictatorship” or „planning” vs. „market”) can be better understood within our global, historical, and political economic analytical framework. In the long run we identify two economic development strategies – namely, the strategy of liberalization and the strategy of protectionism – both structured around the, nonetheless entirely unfulfilled, hope of overcoming Hungary’s semi-peripheral position by „catching up” to its Western neighbors. These strategies then can be analyzed on the base of how they relate to global cycles of accumulation; how their shifts were influenced by changes in the world system; and, in turn, how these strategies organized both various elite projects shaped by global cyclical dynamics and the interpretations about our historically unfolding dependent position.

A CASE STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF CONSOLIDATION WITHIN TRANSPORT, LOGISTICS, AND FREIGHT FORWARDING CLUSTERS IN THE POMERANIAN REGION

Author(s): Jagienka Rzesny-Cieplinska / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2016

This paper focuses on the advantages of the companies that act in cooperation/clusters, as an approach to prevent the possible gain of interest for competitive products. Companies operating in the forwarding, transportation, and logistics sector are seeking original methods to become competitive. Price has lost its importance when selecting transportation and logistics services providers. Nowadays, it is the quality of service rates that is considered most important, followed by reliability, flexibility, and the product range. We will examine the rest of the factors influencing customers’ choice of freight forwarding, transportation, or logistics operators, in this paper.

A Cheap and Dispensable Tool for Uranium Extraction - “Class enemies” used as forced labor in mines during the Communist regime

Author(s): Tomáš Bursík / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Long-term imprisonment involving forced labor in mines under inhumane and degrading conditions was one way of getting rid of “class enemies” without attracting too much attention to the Czechoslovak Communist regime.

A hazai emberi erőforrások ma és holnap

Author(s): István Polónyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2016

The paper first describes the current situation of Hungarian human resources, using various well-known indicators (the Human Capital Index, the Human Development Index, the Legatum Prosperity Index). It notes that the development of human resources in Hungary lags behind developed countries. Following this, it describes some forecasts relating to the various elements of human resources in Hungary. The study presents forecasts relating to total fertility, aging, education and employment. It notes that in terms of the future development of human resources, Hungary will be one of the weakest performers in the European Union,

A munkaerő-piaci tájékozottság és az elvárások területi differenciái

Author(s): Papp Imola Csehné / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2014

A New Function of Prison Industry and Private Prisons in Developed Countries, and the Possibility of their Implementation in the Republic of Serbia

Author(s): Emil Turkovic / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2017

In the 1990s, various countries had a different approach to the problems related to prisoners’ labor. In the United States, the concept of prison labor could survive only in such developed states as New York, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts which could cope with the burden of keeping unproductive prisons. Under the impact of the penal reform and upon the adoption of new penal legislation in these states, the old American tradition of labor prisons gave way to a new standard which implied that convicted offenders had to learn different crafts while in prison but they were excluded from the public labor market when at large. The new industrial program, which was thus engendered, has significantly contributed to spreading the reformist functions of prison labor. Organized prison labor had always been strongly supported by penal reformers in the north of the United States but, in the mid-1980s, as the penal reformers moved away from that part of the United States, the concept of organized prison labor no longer had a significant political and legislative impact. The influence of penal reformers and the idea of instituting convict labor (but without competition in the labor market) had a strong influence on government politicians both at the federal and state government levels. The reformers endeavored to ensure the prisoners’ welfare and enable all prisoners to work and participate in the labor market as competitive workforce, both by leasing their labor and through the sale of final products on the free market.

A PROPOSAL FOR INCORPORATING LABOR UTILIZATION FRAMEWORKS INTO THE FORMAL LABOR FORCE STATISTICS

Author(s): Hee-Young Shin / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2016

The standard labor force statistics has been widely used as an important indicator of the overall health of an economy, and both economists and economic policy makers in the U.S. have been uncritically relying on the single official unemployment rate whenever they propose and make an important policy decision. The goal of this paper is to revisit some of the limitations in the US formal labor force statistics and propose to incorporate a series of measures for analyzing a certain quality aspect of employment into the government’s formal labor force statistics. The conventional definitions and categories used by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) have many limitations, and are of no use at all in capturing quality aspects of employment. After examining some of these problems, the paper introduces and proposes the International Labor Office (ILO)’s labor (under-)utilization framework to overcome these problems. The labor utilization framework adopted in the ILO’s international conferences emphasizes the importance of capturing quality aspects of labor utilization and introduces the concept of income-, time-, and skill-related labor underutilization. The survey in this paper shows that the ILO’s labor utilization framework is broader in scope and much more consistent in analyzing the labor market performance. The framework also provides better insights into analyzing the labor market dynamics than any other formal labor force statistical frameworks, including the US BLS’s standard labor force statistics. Even though the ILO’s labor utilization framework is in no way a complete solution to the task of analyzing the capitalist labor market dynamics and of constantly improving the government’s labor force statistics, it is far more superior to the conventional unemployment rate and any other narrowly defined labor force statistics. Thus, it is urged that the US BLS should seriously consider incorporating labor utilization framework into its formal labor force statistics.

A QUESTION OF TRUST: COGNITIVE CAPITALISM, DIGITAL REPUTATION ECONOMY, AND ONLINE LABOR MARKETS

Author(s): Elvira Nica,Ana-Madalina Potcovaru,Catalina-Oana Mirica (Dumitrescu) / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

We follow Gandini (2016) in clarifying the function of reputation as the essential endowment for digital and freelance knowledge employees, the significance of intangible assets for the corporate realm, and the advance of a financial economy contingent on brand valuation. The article generates insights about the collective role of reputation as the starting place for instituting trust among quasi-strangers, the expanding interference of digital technologies in the creative and administrative regimes, and the capitalization of the latterly mediated professional social connections that occur throughout the online sphere.

Absorpcja zasobów pracy przez sektor usług w Polsce w latach 2008-2012

Author(s): Lidia Kuczewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2014

An aim of the article is to identify the importance of the service sector as an employer and its role in formation of the situation in the Polish labour market in the years 2008-2012. The grounds for conclusions were the published CSO’s statistical data presenting the changes occurring in the number of employees, unemployed and newly established jobs in the service sector. The presented considerations concern both the service sector as a whole and individual sections being a part thereof (by PKD 2007). When it was possible (due to the statistical data accessibility), the author considered the territorial differentiation (by province). In effect of the presented analyses, the author showed that even in the period of economic slowdown the service sector contributed to smoothing the difficult situation in the Polish labour market. The article is of the research nature.

ADJUSTMENT OF PENSIONS TO ECONOMIC TREND (IN YUGOSLAVIA)

Author(s): Milan J. Pješcic / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/1972

The Basic Pension Insurance Act (Osnovni zakon o penzijskom osiguranju — OZOPO) of 1964, which is still in force, lays down new criteria for determining the level of pension benefits and provides for obligatory adjustment of pensions to economic trends.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN THE CASE OF ILLEGAL EMPLOYMENT

Author(s): Erika Statkiene,Vaidotas Granickas / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

In this article analyses the theoretical and practical aspects of administrative and criminal liability application in the cases of the illegal employment in Lithuania justice. The purpose of the article is to investigate specific features and attributes of the application of administrative and criminal liability and the peculiarities of liability application in the cases of the illegal employment. By using qualitative document analysis method is investigated legal doctrine, scientific literature and the newest judicial practice of the themes within. Article is written by using the summation, systematic analysis and linguistic methods, to ensure the qualified analysis of research and to provide eligible conclusions. By analyzing the Lithuanian law practice tendencies in the presented cases, it is being aimed to assess the essence of the applied responsibility and identify advantages and disadvantages of these legal regulation violations, as well as present possible proposals for their improvement.

AKTUÁLNE TRENDY V PRÁVNEJ ÚPRAVE RIEŠENIA SPOROV V PRACOVNOM PRÁVE SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY

Author(s): Juraj Hamulák / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: Suppl.1/2016

This article examines the issue of labor disputes from the perspective of the current legal regulations. The author focuses on the definition of basic concepts and rules in terms of the Labor Code, as well as in terms of legislation to address them in standards of civil procedural law. By looking at the historical aspects of dispute resolution author provides the reader into research problems. Then it defines labor disputes and ways to address them in terms of not only current but also the new legislation still ineffective.

Aktuální vývoj náhrady nemajetkové újmy také v pracovněprávních vztazích a co na to Ústavní soud?

Author(s): Lucie Rehorová / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 3/2016

The article deals with the development of non-pecuniary damages after the recodification of private law with a focus on certain labour law aspects. This article is primarily concerned with claims arising from damage to health, particularly claims for pain and social impairment. Statutory regulation of non-pecuniary damage is compared to the current Constitutional Court decisions.

Aktywizacja zawodowa kobiet w pierwszych dekadach PRL. Analiza zagadnienia w świetle wybranych wypowiedzi konkursowych z lat 60. XX wieku

Author(s): Agata Klimek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2017

The mass mobilization of women into the workforce which took place in Poland in the 20th century contributed to changes within the institutions of family and marriage. For some women, the ingress into the labour market symbolized an opportunity to develop and gave them fulfillment and satisfaction. However, for others, professional duties became a hardship and synonym for lack of time, monotony and exhaustion. In the article the author analyzed autobiographical narratives of “ordinary” people which refer to the women’s participation in the labour market. The narratives, which had been composed for autobiographical competitions organized in 1960s, enabled the author to perceive a conspicuous diversity of women’s and their husbands’ attitudes towards the phenomenon which was characteristic of the first decades of the Polish People’s Republic.

Aktywna polityka rynku pracy w warunkach niepełnej i asymetrycznej informacji

Author(s): Katarzyna Nagel / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 13/2016

The state intervention on labour market seems to be necessary because of political, social and economical aspects. The differences concern to range and forms of intervention. The aim of article is to show active labour market policy as a response to existing market failures and public (district and provincial) labour office sactions which try to reduce them. Using the labour market theory justify the state intervention and describe rules of job placement, job counseling and methods of monitoring the surplus and short age professions.

AKTYWNOŚĆ EKONOMICZNA GRUP BĘDĄCYCH W SZCZEGÓLNEJ SYTUACJI NA RYNKU PRACY W WOJEWÓDZTWIE ŁÓDZKIM

Author(s): Edyta Zmurkow-Poteralska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The aim of this study is to determine the structure of economic activity among selected groups of individuals experiencing the greatest difficulties in the labour market, especially: people under the age of 30, people over the age of 50, persons with disabilities, women and people caring for dependents, as well as the characteristics of these particular groups. The study includes a deepened analysis of the employment structure by employment status, work contract and working time in the analysed groups. Also the reasons for part-time work and economic inactivity have been identified. The study uses cross-sectional data from the Labour Force Survey for the fourth quarter of 2013 as well as the data from The Assessment of Resources of Social Assistance in the Lodz Region for the year 2015 and covers the Lodz province.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERDEPENDENCIES MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERGUVERNAMENTALISM AND COMMUNITARIANISM

Author(s): Ramona Alexandra Ro?u / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2015

The objective of this article is to examine the management mechanisms utilized in the conflicts which occurred between the member states of the Union during the decision-making processes under the conditions of the community method and intergovernmental method, respectively. This paper offers a brief but broad overview of the key elements of the two procedures along with the positioning of the actors in relation to the two systems of governance in the context of the system's overall reform process through the work of the European Convention

An Empirical Analysis of Post-Contractual Behaviour in Public Works Contracts

The Czech Case as a Secondary Comparison with the Slovak Republic

Author(s): Martin Schmidt,František Ochrana,Michal Placek,Michal Pucek / Language(s): English / Issue: 06/2016

The article analyzes post-contractual behavior on a sample of 200 randomly selected public works contracts, awarded in 2013, where it was possible to trace information about the final price. The study looks for factors, which have a statistically significant effect on the ratio between the actually paid price and tendered price. The findings are compared with similar studies in Slovakia. The model identifies a number of bids for a statistically significant indicator having a positive effect on the relationship between the actually paid price and the tendered price. Conversely, the ratio between the estimated and actual tendered amounts, as well as the use of subcontractors are seen as factors with a negative impact.

An empirical analysis оn logistics performance and the global competitiveness

Author(s): Turkay Yildiz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Logistics has been identified as an area to build cost and service advantages. Therefore, companies are more focused on customer needs and trying to find ways to reduce costs, improve quality and meet the growing expectations of their clients. Indeed, the global competition has led managers to begin to address the issue of providing more efficient logistics services. In this regard, this paper presents an empirical study on logistics performance and global competitiveness. This paper also identifies the associations between logistics performances and global competitiveness. The results indicate that some variables in global competitiveness scores contribute much higher to the logistics performances than the other variables through analysis. The variables that contribute much higher than the other variables to the logistics performances are shown.