«УМНЫЕ МАШИНЫ» – ВЫЗОВ ДЛЯ ЭТИКИ И ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

Author(s): Anton Vasilev,Olga Vasileva,Dariusz Szpoper / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

The article deals with the legal aspects of the use of artificial intelligence technology. The authors emphasise a low level of normative regulations which concern the use of artificial intelligence in Russia, taking into account the active and widespread application of this technology in various spheres of life. Developments in the field of artificial intelligence raise very seriousethical and legal issues. Among legal issues, such as the nature of artificial intelligence, the existence of a legal personality, the problem of liability for damage caused by artificial intelligence, the impact on the legal profession, etc., need to be considered. Particular attention is paid to the need to develop a legal concept of artificial intelligence in order to build an effective model of legal regulation. The article analyzes the attempts to define artificial intelligence in specialist and legal literature. The use of such concepts as neural networks, machine learning, super intelligence, supercomputers is underlined. Single attempts to develop legal definitions in South Korea and the European Union are also mentioned. Following the results of the research, the authors proposed the following features of artificial intelligence: the existence of a technical device or cyberphysical system; ability to receive, process and transfer information; ability to work autonomously; self-learning based on the analysis of information and experience; self-awareness; thinking and the ability to make independent decisions.

ZAKŁAD STWARZAJĄCY ZAGROŻENIE WYSTĄPIENIA POWAŻNEJ AWARII PRZEMYSŁOWEJ NA PRZYKŁADZIE POLPHARMA S.A. W STAROGARDZIE GDAŃSKIM

Author(s): Grzegorz Pietrek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The industrial serious failure causes huge losses within the natural environment and the life of people and animals. The city of Starogard Gdański, in which the Pharmaceutical Plant Polpharma S.A. is located must put great emphasis on well-trained services of the city and the system of the crisis management. It is necessary because it is a plant classified as a high risk of a serious industrial failure and the production technology is mainly based on the use of dangerous substances. Therefore, it is worth considering the question of the extent the services and the crisis management system of the city of Starogard Gdański are prepared in serious accident in Polpharma S. A.

WOKÓŁ ROZWAŻAŃ NAD MIĘDZYNARODOWYM SYSTEMEM OCHRONY DÓBR KULTURY W KONFLIKTACH ZBROJNYCH

Author(s): Patrycja Rutkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The article outlines the international system for the protection of cultural property set up by UNESCO, under which cultural property located in a war zone is subject to protection and due care by the belligerent parties. Moreover, three levels of protection of cultural property in armed conflicts are presented, two of which – special protection and enhanced protection – are not widely used by the signatories of the 1954 Hague Convention, as evidenced by a limited number of cultural objects that have been chosen to be covered under those protection levels. One of the reasons for the low effectiveness of legislation pertaining to the protection of cultural property has been the inclusion of the concept of military necessity to the text of the Hague Convention, which is often invoked by warring factions as the justification for the violations of their duty of protecting cultural heritage.

Qualitative Assessment of Urban Design Elements from the Old and New Urban Fabrics in Aïn-Beïda (Algeria)

Author(s): Ines Soltani,Rachid Hadef / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The effects of the physical environment on people's active behaviour have been a central topic over the last decade, particularly in urban design, public health, and transportation. Research on the impact of the built environment attributes on walkability still needs to be completed in developing countries. Literature on walkability demonstrated the effectiveness of the studies, which consider micro-scale elements when evaluating pedestrian street environments. We are interested in assessing urban design qualities at the micro-scale level, which would give more evidence on the walking conditions of a developing country. This study explores whether the typo-morphological aspect of selected routes in a medium-sized African city is associated with urban design qualities related to walkability and compares the combined scores of urban design qualities with other cities. According to our findings, the typo-morphological aspect of urban routes correlates with the evaluated urban design qualities. The results revealed a significant difference in these qualities between the old colonial and the post-independence fabrics, with imageability and complexity appearing to be the most influential qualities. The results showed that urban design qualities related to walkability in a medium-sized African city scored lower than in other urban contexts. This study has several implications for city planners and decision-makers looking to improve the walking environment of the city.

Muzica, personaj sonor în spectacolul de teatru

Author(s): Roxana-Sorana Ardeleanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2024

Whether as a discreet background or in the foreground, music accompanies the acting performance, composes and recomposes whole moments, participates in defining the depth of the stage space and, at the same time, integrates into the development of the theatrical creation. Musical moments can be integrated into the role of the actors, by introducing certain replicas that they have to sing, can accompany the dramaturgical evolution or appear as interludes, which separate and at the same time connect the fragments of the play.This last hypostasis is present in the performance Henry IV by Luigi Pirandello, staged by the Hungarian State Theatre “Csiky Gergely” in Timisoara, directed by Victor Ioan Frunză, a performance whose premiere took place on March 2, 2019. Composer Cári Tibor has written independent musical pieces, introduced in the form of interludes in the interpretation of an eclectic instrumental ensemble, whose sound evolution is conducted by the composer and takes place live, in front of the audience, at each performance. The composition of the orchestra, consisting of 15 instrumentalists, was established by the composer and includes a double string quartet, wooden and brass wind instruments, piano and percussion instruments. The effect of combining the sound variety of all these instruments increases the drama of the show, and the unfolding of musical moments exposes the conclusion of each act of the performance and provides the context of the next scenes.

Identitatea regizorului în spectacolul de operă. Vocea umană de Francis Poulenc

Author(s): Nicolae Mihai Brânzeu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2024

The Human Voice by Francis Poulenc) The work aims to detect the instruments that are the basis of staging an opera performance. Considered a sacred object, the musical score contains a lot of information the director needs to mount the proposed title. Musical dramaturgy is encoded in the heights of the notes, in the values, in the timbre colors of the instruments, in the dynamic and agogic elements, in musical themes and motifs, and more importantly, in the opera's leitmotiv system. The director's aim is not to illustrate the music, which would demonstrate the lack of inspiration and would also represent a tautological act, but to (re)create, following the data imposed by the music, a new, very personal, aesthetically interpreted universe imbued with themes, subtexts, truths, and emotions. The indissoluble link between the text and the score must be considered a way to support the director's vision, not as imprisonment in a strict and hard-to-describe world. The musical reflexivity, not accidental in the case of Poulenc, enhances the meaning of the words and provides support to the directorial concept when the correct decryption has been achieved. To better understand how one can follow the route from the text to the score and then to the performance, we will introduce the stages of the mise-en-scène of the performance The Human Voice by Francis Poulenc.

Bande e repertori lirici nell’Ottocento in transito verso il Novecento. I luoghi.

Author(s): Gloria Gravina / Language(s): Italian Issue: 3/2024

In the 19th century Italy, the musical genre that enjoyed the most tunning success with the public was the melodrama. The Opera composers, musicians and librettists, express their creativity to the fullest, forming and following the evolution of the taste of the public which - from the early 1800s to the first two decades of the following century - becomes increasingly prepared, competent and therefore demanding. If theaters are the temples of Opera in large urban centres, in those smaller ones, the so called "Sale all'italiana" are designed and built, which are certainly smaller theatres, but absolutely functional and respectful of all the construction standards of the most impressive Opera houses. The elders of the smaller towns tax themselves to have a theater in the town and to keep it active, as an important social as well as cultural meeting point. However, the opera repertoire is capillary widespread throughout the national territory by the "bande" - also known as "Concerti bandistici" - which are born in every city and in every country, which with skilful reductions and arrangements for wind ensembles, by highly trained masters -conductors, offer the opportunity to all social strata to meet, get to know and deepen what is already a musical tradition throughout the rest of the world, recognized as an exquisitely Italian cultural phenomenon. And also the "banda" seeks its physical location in the "Casse armoniche", so that, like the Opera in the theatres, it can offer itself to an equally vast audience.

The Art of Sculpture and the Development of Christianity in Ukraine

Author(s): Roman Odrekhivskyi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The purpose of the article is to offer a comprehensive study on the meaning of sacral art in the formation of Christianity in Ukraine. The scientific novelty of this research is that the artistic features of the sculpture in Ukraine analysed in the process of the formation of Christianity in the region are highlighted for the first time. Based on the elaborated material, it is the interrelation of the art of the Christian sculpture of the area with the developed local pagan traditions that is mostly shown. After all, religious sculpture played an essential role regarding the sacred culture of ancient Ukrainians. As a result of the study, it was found that the art of sculpture in wood and stone in Ukraine has ancient traditions. Christianity has drawn all the best from this tradition and adapted it according to its cult: the technique of wood and stone processing, the range of plots, mythological traditions. The mentioned approach may also be applied to other types of sacred art: painting, artistic metal processing, etc., which should be considered in subsequent scientific studies.

Nie ma jednej odpowiedzi - z Mariuszem Liblem rozmawiają Konrad Kubala oraz Przemysław Pluciński.

Author(s): Przemysław Pluciński,Konrad Kubala / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

Teatr jeniecki w Oflagu VII A Murnau – sztuka przetrwania w instytucji totalnej

Author(s): Anna Matuchniak-Mystkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

Analizy sztuki jenieckiej to przykład socjologii sztuki cross-genre, związanej z socjologią literatury, teatru, malarstwa, fotografii, tematów, obiegów oraz socjologią historyczną. W przypadku tego studium, na podstawie materiałów zastanych (relacji jeńców wojennych – uczestników tych wydarzeń, fotografii dokumentalnych, opracowań historycznych, tekstów literackich), został opisany i zilustrowany fotografiami z kolekcji prywatnej spektakl teatralny wystawiony w 1942 r. w Teatrze Jenieckim w Oflagu VII A Murnau na postawie komedii Aleksandra Fredry Gwałtu co się dzieje. Analiza dzieł sztuki (podejście strukturalne socjologii sztuki) poprzedzona jest prezentacją funkcjonowania oflagów tj. niemieckich obozów jenieckich dla oficerów w czasie II wojny światowej (ujęcie socjogenetyczne). Aktywność kulturalna, artystyczna, sportowa, oświatowa, pozwalały im przetrwać w instytucjach totalnych.

Wspólnota węgla

Author(s): Marek Domański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

Tekst jest rodzajem komentarza, autorskiej refleksji dotyczącej zdjęć, które wykonałem w ramach projektu „Energia Antropocenu”, realizowanego razem z Maciejem Rawlukiem. Naszym głównym celem jest śledzenie procesów i praktyk wytwarzania i konsumpcji energii, które uważam za bardzo istotny problem współczesności. Tekst zawiera również syntetycznie przedstawione strategie twórców podejmujących próby obrazowania antropocenu, których twórczość wywarła wpływ na ten projekt.

Към историята на арабската буква waw в турското изкуство (По материали от България и Турция)

Author(s): Lyubomir Mikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The paper examines examples of Ottoman calligraphical inscriptions including the Arabic letter waw. In Turkish art, these cases are represented by two types of calligraphic compositions: A) a calligram containing mirrored or symmetrically written two waws; B) a calligram containing one waw and one alif. Both types of calligrams were inspired by the doctrine of Sufism, and were introduced and spread by calligraphers professing Hurufism and Bektashism or sympathizing with these mystical currents in Turkish traditional culture. In conclusion, it is summarized that calligraphy has unlimited possibilities for turning Arabic letters both into highly specific artifacts and into a means of expressing very diverse religious views.

"All That Glitters is Not Gold": Reflections on Javor Gardev's Production of William Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" at The Bulgarian National Theatre

Author(s): Georgi Niagolov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article reviews Javor Gardev’s recent production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice on the stage of the Bulgarian National Theatre in the context of the play’s long debated generic ambiguity and the “unpleasant” issues it confronts. It argues that even though, due to good historical reasons, the issue of antisemitism has attracted most of the attention so far, the central “unpleasant” issue in the original text is patriarchalism and the inequality between men and women. The play and the production’s divergent treatments of this issue are considered in the context of today’s antifeminist backlash, as well as the more general tendency to withdraw from traditional Western values, such as democracy, freedom, human rights. The current global and locally Bulgarian perspectives are discussed in order to demonstrate the urgency of taking a clear stand in support of these values.

Klasszikus és horizontális terepszemle – riport a hierarchikus és közösségi színházi alkotói/szervezeti modellekről

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2024

We wanted to open a discussion aimed at a wider audience on the topic of classical and horizontal work processes. For this purpose we invited those interested to answer an anonymous questionnaire in which theatre workers were asked how they define classical and horizontal creative processes, what they find liberating in these, what difficulties they encounter and what they would consider to be the ideal hierarchy among theatre workers.

L’enfance au miroir de la chanson

Author(s): Sébastien Bost / Language(s): French Issue: 33/2024

There are countless songs dedicated to childhood in the French repertoire. Despite their sometime conventional discourse, most are moving and their mirror effect, which is able to transport everyone back to their past, appears to be effective. The study of one of them, Rue Battant, interpreted by Alex Beaupain in 2016, makes it possible to grasp, in the wake of Brel and Barbara, what constitutes their power of attraction and which is due to their dramaturgy, based on the Jungian archetype of puer aeternus.

L’enfance de Tarkovski, une affaire d’images

Author(s): Marie-Reine MOUTON / Language(s): French Issue: 33/2024

For adults, childhood is far from being reduced to a past and bygone era, but keeps extending over time, summoning mental images through the prism of memory. Therefore, if we consider childhood as an image, it can reach its fuller depiction in the arts thanks to the cinema.

Recenzja książki Vincenta M. Figueredo Historia ludzkiego serca. Fascynująca wędrówka po świecie medycyny i sztuki (przeł. Ewa Ratajczak, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, Warszawa 2024, 269 s., ISBN 978-83-01-23481-2)

Author(s): Igor Szymański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

CULTURAL SYMBOLS AS ENGINE FOR URBAN REGENERATION

Author(s): Cristian Radu / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2024

Culture’s key role in the contemporary urban life is something society accepts, at least at a theoretical level. People consider cities are complex experiences, with many faces. Culture and arts help us understand all this complexity and o!er new means of exploiting their prospects. The practice, on the other hand, needs to take a step forward, especially at a wider, national, angle, as in Romania we do not fully understand yet that cities are cultural multipliers and accelerators, places in which ideas may have great sonority and also investments may have a huge impact. More than that, we do not understand cities as cultural suppliers and engines of the hinterland. Romania’s biggest problem is the absence of strategic management in cities: each urban community should have a series of parametres and indicators according tto its own aspirations. These should be under constant monitoringization, in order to evaluate the direction in which the city is heading. Cultural management needs to detach itself from highlighting only on art forms and it needs to focus rather on the cultural symbols of a specific place, on culture as an experience or a complex reality of a certain place. This approach has significant peremptory implications, as the ministries of culture or the municipal departments that deal with culture need to be departments that promote culture, instead of just being of culture.

Between Periphery and Centrality: Byzantine Musicology during Communist Romania

Author(s): Cătălin Cernătescu / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2023

After 1950, in the writings on the history of Romanian music, there is a constant preoccupation in approaching the Byzantine musicology topics, being a domain able to adequately justify the presence of local “multisecular” musical practices. The Communist Party’s strategy of reaffirming national identity and cultural heritage on an international level will create unexpected opportunities for researchers of sacred music. Due to its ability to build solid historical bridges to the ancient past, Byzantine musicology, once largely overlooked and censored, would gain increasing importance. Since it could conveniently link modern Romanian culture to that existing on the territory of the former Dacia, this field began to be employed in official publications, having the usefulness of a vehicle that could successfully deliver the mainstream themes promoted by the regime, such as nationalism, bimillenarism and Romanian exceptionalism.

Mai aproape de Dumnezeu prin muzica religioasă

Author(s): Vasile Secrieru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2024

The article explores the profound connection between people and religious music, highlighting its significance in the activities of the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchate during the Commemorative Year of Hymnographers and Church Singers. Sacred music, rooted in folk art, represents a symbiosis between Eastern and Western cultures, characterized by modal melody, harmony, modal polyphony, and captivating heterophony. Christian Orthodox music is perceived as a means through which believers draw closer to God, influencing their emotions and thoughts. The article addresses and proposes initiatives for revitalizing church musical traditions, including the establishment of a Faculty/Academy of Religious Music and the creation of a Church Singers’ Association. The importance of developing a Dictionary of Religious Music and a National Catalogue of Church Music Publications is emphasized, as well as the need for training courses and the promotion of events dedicated to religious music singers. The article also highlights the role of church singers in establishing parish libraries, church museums, and Sunday schools, emphasizing their importance in the pastoral, missionary, and social activities of the community.