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(In)distinct Languages: Revisiting the Dualism of Literal and Literary Meaning in Roman Jakobson and Donald Davidson

Author(s): Aleksandar Mijatović / Language(s): English / Issue: 21/2021

The paper traces the relationship between the literal and literary language that is found in structuralism and analytic philosophy. The paper’s gist provides a comparative account of Roman Jakobson’s and Donald Davidson’s notions of poetic language and their relation to the general idea of language as it is given in their work. In reconsidering Jakobson’s and Davidson’s arguments, I propose abandoning the dualistic hypotheses of the oppositions between literal and non-literal language, and between literal and literary language. I contend that the notions of first and literal meanings are necessary for other types of interpretation. The dualistic hypothesis requires the cascade model, which displays a bottom-top transition across hierarchically arranged levels of meanings. Instead, I outline the multilayered structure of language with two thresholds: mimetic and semiotic. Therefore, the cascade model should be replaced with the palimpsest model of concurring, merging, and blending layers of meanings.

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A FOUCAULDIAN STUDY OF POWER, SUBJECTIVITY, AND CONTROL IN THE BEATS’ LITERATURE AND LIFE

Author(s): Ehsan Emami Neyshaburi,Parvin Ghasemi / Language(s): English / Issue: 22/2017

According to Foucault’s ideas, power produces discourses and the clash of discourses leads to the change of subjectivities or consciousnesses and also to the internalization of a particular discourse. In other words, it is via creation of subjectivities that power dominates human beings. The Beats knew that the subjectivity that people assign to themselves is imaginary and illusory; it has been given to them by their culture or society and accordingly, they define themselves and only imagine that they are that sort of persons independently and take it as ‘truth’. This paper strives to show that the Beats were completely cognizant of this process and through resisting the power, subjectivity, and control that society had imposed upon themtried to create new and different subjectivities, as Foucault had recommended.

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A sokféleség két formája és a homogenizáció

Author(s): János Tóth I. / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

Diversity is the unity of sameness and non-sameness (difference). In a basic situation, the more significant the difference, the greater the diversity. However, the organic systems based on relatively homogeneous groups, sub-units and structures are governed by special rules. The heterogenization of groups, that is, their dissolution decreases diversity. I propose to present this paradox effect of homogenization through examples taken from biology and social studies. The structural diversity of humanity is closely linked to the objective and subjective sameness and identity of individuals. There are three fundamental, political approaches to relate to human diversity: hierarchy, the approach that emphasizes difference; equality that emphasizes sameness, and equality that emphasizes difference. The first approach belongs to the outworn past, therefore the battle for defining the future takes place between the remaining two approaches. The aspect that these approaches are debating is whether it is the individual form of diversity (globalization, deconstruction) or its structural form (emancipation, sovereignty) that must be promoted.

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A STIEGLERIANESQUE CRITIQUE OF TRANSHUMANISMS: ON NARRATIVES AND NEGANTHROPOCENE

Author(s): Adrian Mróz / Language(s): English / Issue: 46/2019

While drawing from the philosophy of Bernard Stiegler throughout the paper, I commence by highlighting Zoltan Istvan’s representation of transhumanism in the light of its role in politics. I continue by elaborating on the notion of the promise of eternal life. After that I differentiate between subjects that are proper for philosophy (such as the mind or whether life is worth living) and science (measurable and replicable). The arguments mostly concern mind-uploading and at the same time I elaborate on a simple critique of mind-body dualism, which is one of the key imagined orders exploitable by technologies in the narratives of transhumanism present in popular culture. This is reframed as a problem of action. The focus of this article is on the claim that certain transhumanisms are dangerous forms of Neo-Darwinism. It comes from a critical assessment of capital and the exploitation of bodies through market forces. Entropy is a process of growing disorder, while neganthropy is an anthropological struggle against exploitation, not only of bodies, but of all ecosystems of the Earth. The arguments of Stiegler from a collection of lectures are recapitulated, and his claims are presented through the prism of transhuman narrative, with a particular focus on Christian Salmon's position in the book Storytelling: Bewitching the Modern Mind.

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A strawberry, an animal cry and a human subject: Where existential semiotics, biosemiotics and relational metaphysics seem to meet one another

Author(s): Katarzyna Machtyl / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The article discusses some semiotic approaches to the relation between nature and culture. Starting with outlining the structuralistic approach to this issue, especially the ideas of Juri Lotman and Algirdas Julien Greimas, the author finds parallels between different views on the relation between the natural world and human beings. First, the juxtaposition of Eero Tarasti’s existential semiotics with selected concepts of biosemiotics is discussed. The following part of the paper is dedicated to Bruno Latour’s ideas on nature–culture relation, hybrids and mediations. Then the author refers to Lotman’s notion of the semiosphere as the common space for all living and inanimate elements. Closing the paper with a return to biosemiotics, the author comes back to Tarasti’s ideas and compares these with some ideas in biosemiotics, paying special attention to the concepts of unpredictability, choice and dynamics. The comparison shows that some intuitions, assumptions and theses of these different scholars turn out to be surprisingly convergent. The author believes that the outlined parallels between Tarasti’s view, Latour’s and Lotman’s concepts, and biosemiotics may be promising for further research, inviting detailed study.

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Acta Marisiensis. Philologia

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Romania

Acta Marisiensis. Philologia is an open access journal with all content free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open acces

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Agamben’in Siyasal Kuramı ve Türkiye’deki Suriyelilerin Hukuksal Statüleri

Author(s): Esin Hamdi Dinçer / Language(s): Turkish / Publication Year: 0

Suriye’de 2011 yılında başlayan iç savaşın belki de en sıra dışı sonucu yaşananmülteci hareketidir. Altı milyonun üzerinde insanın ülkelerini terk etmesiylesonuçlanan iç savaş, bugün itibariyle 3,6 milyonun üzerinde mültecinin Türkiyesınırları içinde yaşamını sürdürmeye çalışması ile sonuçlanmıştır (UNRA, 2019). Bukapsamda pek çok toplumsal araştırmanın konusu olan Suriyeliler özellikle Avrupave Türkiye hukuksal sisteminin yeni tartışmalarının da odak noktası haline gelmiştir.“Geri Kabul Anlaşması” (GKA) ve “Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu”(YUKK) ise bu bağlamda yapılan tartışmalarda öne çıkmaktadır.

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Agonistička kritika deliberativne i pluralističke demokratije u delu Šantal Muf

Author(s): Kristina Vasić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2021

Agonism, which emphasizes the importance of conflict in politics, can be opposed to classical pluralism and deliberative democracy, although there are attempts at its reconciliation with the deliberative model. The aim of this essay is the analysis of political theory, which emphasizes agon (contest, Greek) as an inherent characteristic of politics, which should not be eradicated or suppressed into the private domain, but rather acknowledged and treated within the framework of liberal democracy. I will focus on the agonistic model of democracy offered by Chantal Mouffe, as one of the most influential theoreticians in this area. This essay will concentrate on the agonistic critique of the two mentioned models of democracy, questioning its justifiability and considering the alternative presented as agonism. Finally, I will present an attempt at integration of deliberative and agonistic democracy.

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Akt założycielski polskiego strukturalizmu immanentnego: Juliusza Kleinera Treść i forma w poezji

Author(s): Krzysztof Obremski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 35/2021

In Polish literary studies methodology, Kleiner’s status as entirely marginal, if not anachronistic, can be justified only on one condition, namely if we overlook the study Content and form in poetry (“Przegląd Warszawski” 1922, r. 2, vol. 2, pp. 323–333), for it can be read as the rejected cornerstone of Polish immanent structuralism. Due to the ambiguity of the term “structuralism”, it is necessary to define its meaning here: it will be determined by the historical context, i.e. the Course in General Linguistics (first edition: 1916). Adopting Janusz Sławiński’s terminology, we may add that it is a rejected cornerstone of immanent (“unconscious”) structuralism, not a formulated one.

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An Adieu to Europe: The Impossible Necessity of Balkan Politics

Author(s): Jelisaveta Blagojević / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2008

“Our experience is provincial,” writes Radomir Konstantinović at the very begining of his book, now famous, Philosophy of the Provincial, published in Belgrade in 1969. “Province is our destiny, it’s our evil fate,” he continues by using the metaphor of the provincial in order to describe the way of life and thinking typical of small town mentality.

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APORIJE DEMOKRATIJE

Author(s): Bernard Harbaš / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 1/2020

This article deals with postmodern understanding of the problem democratic politics is facing. Throughout history, democracy has had different determinations and thus cannot have a universal definition. Since in democracy everybody’s voice count, it should also support the one who rejects it, and thus this order, in its full realization, creates autoimmunity (Derrida). For Jacques Ranciere, democracy cannot be defined as agreement, but on the contrary, as hatred and disagreement, because only that way fundamental democratic principles and procedures can be respected. Since agreement and equality lead to passivity and annul ability of critical individual thinking, resistance towards democracy itself is necessary in an authentic democracy. For Alain Badiou, democracy means a possibility for everyone to do what he wants and without any criteria i.e., that everybody expresses his opinion without argumentation. Therefore, he understands such order as a space for fulfilment of petty needs. Jean-Luc Nancy understands democracy not only as political order, but a way in which existence appears. He prefers neither direct nor representative democracy but looks at it as a singular plural appearance of the sense. Contrary to some postmodern theoreticians, Chantal Mouffe considers democracy can be realized only in its representative form, but that it also needs to consist of dispute and discussion. When the disputable dimension of democracy disappears, we entre into the post-political state characterized by agreement and passivity. Purpose of this article was to present and analyse some of the characteristics of democratic principles such as conflict, dispute, agreement, indeterminacy but also to point out possibilities of thinking democracy not only as political order, but also as a way of living.

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Arhipelag suvremene filozofije

Author(s): Tonči Valentić / Language(s): Croatian

The Archipelago of Contemporary Philosophy consists of collected critical reviews and essays on 52 works by Croatian and European authors that have marked past two decades in philosophy. The book accurately and systematically monitors and critically registers the multiplicity and ramifications of various philosophical directions and intentions of the modern humanities. Tonči Valentić is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Textile Technology, Department of Fashion Design, University of Zagreb, where he teaches courses in Media Theory, Sociology of Culture, Semiotics of Fashion, and Cultural Anthropology. He obtained MA degree in philosophy and literature from Faculty of Humanities in Zagreb, MA degree in sociology and anthropology from CEU in Budapest and PhD in sociology from University of Ljubljana. His books include: Multiple Modernities (2006), Camera Absondita: Essays on Ontology of Photography (2013), Archipelago of Contemporary Philosophy (2018) and Media Construction of Balkanism (2021).

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Arhitektura i filozofija: paradoksi i metamorfoze njihova susreta

Author(s): Chris Younès / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 05+08/2019

Dobro je poznato da je Jacques Derrida isticao ideju o suštinskom suživotu filozofije i arhitekture, te je rekao: »Collège international de philosophie treba osigurati mjesto susreta (rencontre), susret mišljenja, između filozofije i arhitekture. Ne zbog toga da se konačno sukobe, već da promisle što ih oduvijek drži zajedno u najbitnijoj kohabitaciji.«

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Art Addressing Consumerism in the Age of Late Capitalism

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Art Addressing Consumerism in the Age of Late Capitalism

Author(s): Polona Tratnik / Language(s): English / Issue: 61/2021

The globalized world is still in the phase of late capitalism, signified by the establishment of multinational corporations, globalized markets and work, mass consumerism and the fluid flow of capital. The question of the criticism of art towards the capitalist system, its ideology and consumerism is therefore still current and is readdressed in this contribution. Considering this issue, the recurrent theoretical reference is American materialist aesthetician Fredric Jameson, who was among the first to define culture and art in the context of late capitalism. In the article the author revises Jameson’s critique of art addressing consumerism and demonstrates that he did not consider the relevance of the means of consumption as regards the cultural logic of late capitalism. She claims that in order to open space to examine contemporary art as being critical towards consumerism, one also needs to consider the ontological changes that have occurred to art and pay attention to performative art, while Jameson was still focused on a representational mode of art. By being performative and also setting out actions outside of spaces that were traditionally designed for art, in the space meant for consumption, art has much a better chance to act politically, which Jameson wished to see from art which addresses consumerism, but did not. The author argues that if one is to seek critical or political art in late capitalism, those would be the cases of artistic interventions into the means of consumption.

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Arti i interpretimit

Author(s): Ann Jefferson,Ag Apolloni / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 19/2020

Ann Jefferson (1949) është studiuese angleze, profesoreshë në Universitetin e Oksfordit dhe autore e shtatë librave kritikë mbi letërsinë franceze, si: Romani i Ri dhe poetika e prozës (1980), Duke lexuar realizmin nëpërmjet Stendalit (1988), Natali Sarot, Fiksioni dhe Teoria: probleme të dallimit (2000), Stendali: Manastiri i Parmës (2003), Biografia dhe çështja e letërsisë në Francë (2007) dhe Gjeniu në Francë: ideja dhe përdorimi (2014). Gjithashtu, në bashkautorësi me studiuesin David Robey, ka botuar librin Teori letrare moderne (1982). Nga viti 2004 është anëtare e Akademisë Britanike. Përveç në Oksford, ku tash është Proffesor Emeritus, ka ligjëruar edhe në Columbia University (SHBA) dhe Sorbonne (Francë).

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BELA BARTOK’UN İKİ KEMAN DÜOLARINDAN 6 VE 7 NUMARALI ESERLERDE FORMUN VE ALGILANAN ZAMANIN GEŞTALT KURAMI İLE ANALİZİ

Author(s): Uğurcan KURT,Koray Sazli / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 88/2021

Even though composing and musical form are one of the most controversial issues of the era, the composer or the instrumentalist has to grasp and examine the structural elements of the musical form correctly in order to grasp the spirit of the music to give what is desired during the performance. The stylistic parts of the music and their relations with each other have been researched on the basis of the motifs, which are the smallest building blocks of the musical form. When the musical form is expressed as "time made sound" (Langer, 1953: 135), it becomes necessary to write the formal unity in a way that appeals to the eye by taking the help of letters and numbers to explain the distribution of temporal elements in the form. Explaining the formal elements in the article with literary language and making them visible will help us to understand the perceptual form of music by helping to explain the temporal setup of Bartok's compositional logic with Gestalt theory. Thus, examining the structures that make up the whole with the principles of Gestalt theory, such as proximity and sameness, and making them visible with shapes will enable the music to be depicted and understood from a holistic perspective, regardless of the structure of the form. The act of schematizing what is heard, based on loudness and lengths, will enable us to see music as an element of perception, not theoretically. The aim of the study is to show the perceived time with the help of Gestalt theory, to make a holistic inference about how the individual perceives music, and to provide a perceptual analysis method to music independent of music theory.

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BENDRINIS INTELEKTAS IR PASIPRIEŠINIMAS KAPITALUI SOCIALIZUOTO DARBO EPOCHOJE

Author(s): Kasparas Pocius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 89/2016

This article discusses the influence of Marx’s labour theory for contemporary social thought. While his conceptions of machine work, formal and real subsumption influenced the mainstream of class struggle in the 20th century, his theoretical framework was recently refreshed both by poststructuralist and Italian autonomist authors, who discuss Marxian conception of general intellect. It is difficult to argue about general intellect and its liberation from capitalist relations while having in mind the condition of contemporary labour power in the contemporary stage of capitalist production, which autonomists define as social factory and which is based on immaterial labour and precarity. However, an alliance between the living labour (or multitude) and technologies which embody the power of capital must be based on the will of this labour power (or forces) to get rid of capitalist relations. General intellect itself can be created only along with the strategies of resistance against exploitation. Finally, the perspective of general intellect allows to argue about building communist society within the capitalist empire and to change the dialectical Marxist revolutionary paradigm with the non-dialectical paradigm of liberation and heterogenization of social forces. However, is only possible to do it by gradually removing the chains of capitalist relations and developing mutual relationship of free singularities. Therefore it is worthwhile to argue about the individual and collective singularities, their environment and the new subjectivities that they would create.

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Biopolitics, Microbiopolitics, Neuropolitics, Cosmopolitics and Other Posthumanist Views of the Global Society

Author(s): Denisa Kera / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2007

The paper compares different views on technological society that develop the posthumanist position but avoid technological determinism or social constructivism. Special attention is given to the dichotomy between the concept of biopolitics (Foucault) and the concept of cosmopolitics (Latour) in relation to the issues of plurality and hybridity.

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Bir Çözümleme Yöntemi Olarak Sanatta Göstergelerarasılık

Author(s): Kubilay Aktulum / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 107/2021

We can adapt the concept of intertextuality, which is used to indicate the exchanges between at least two literary texts, to other forms of art with new denominations: For example, intertextuality as well as inter-picturality, intermediality, intermusicality, interfilmicity, interphotography, etc. denominations are frequently used in other fields apart from literature today. Depending on these namings, concepts such as rewriting, repainting are used as quotation, reflection, imitation, conscious inspiration, etc. We can also use it for other forms of art along with concepts (it is seen that such a vocabulary is frequently used in studies on this subject). In this study, we will transform the typology suggested by Gérard Genette in his work Palimpsestes and use it in some artistic forms. For example, we can talk about the different forms of interpictoriality in the field of painting, hence a new typing of the forms of pictorial transcendence used to denote the exchanges between two different sign systems. Accordingly, different forms of intersemiotics can be mentioned. These can be the transfer of a literary system to another sign system, or they can take place in the opposite direction. Intersemiotics, whose origin goes back to the concept of sign in Ferdinand de Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics and adapted to different forms of art inspired by Roman Jakobson’s concept of intersemiotic translation, is a product of an effort to present a method based on analyzing the exchanges between different artistic forms as well as literary texts. In this study, although limited as an analysis method, definitions will be made for the use of intersemiotics in different forms of art and some of its concepts

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Black Mirror Dizisinde Nöro-İmge ve Beyin Ekranlar

Author(s): Ömür Şölen Soykan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: Sp. Iss/2020

Neuro-image is a concept follows movement-image and time-image, generated by Patricia Pisters through Deleuze cinematography in the aim of characterize and clarify the new cinematographic image which has been assemblaged by neuroscientific and cognitive progresses based on the political occasion of demolition of Berlin Wall and 9/11. It belongs to third synthesis of time, future and formed in parallel neuroscienetifical and online internet cultural develepments. It's a cinematographic image is synthesized at the 3th synthesis under the political effect of pre-emptive design of future. The cinematography appeared in 21th century cinema that we see world within characters minds, not through eyes is assemblaged by themes which are given a lead by online and neuroscientific progresses. Patricia Pisters approached this new cinematographic component in the frame of Deleuze-Guattari schizoanalysis, researched in the frame of "brain is screen", brainscreens and conceptualized. In this paper, neuro-image at the 3th synthesis of time, brain screens and cognitive architectures in Black Mirror serial, Netflix, detected and explained in the aim of introducing neuro-image concept to Turkey cinema field and schizoanalysis utilized as a practice.

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