УЧАСТНИКИ, ИГРОКИ, ГЕРОИ И ПЕРСОНАЖИ РЕАЛИТИ-ШОУ: СПЕЦИФИКА ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ

Author(s): Eleonora Georgievna Shestakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2014

In this article, we for the first time formulate the problem of naming participants of a reality show. The definitions of the names participant, hero, character and player are regarded in the philosophical and cultural aspect. These concepts have complex semantic relations –from synonymous to paradoxical and antagonistic. We show that reality show is a deep ontological and existential problem of self-imitating world and man, which lose the basis and essence of understanding as such and are almost devoid of the ability to understand.

Seksualny solipsyzm

Author(s): Rae Langton / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2015

The article presents a philosophical analysis of pornography and its impact. The author suggests that pornography instantiates two kinds of solipsism. The first kind of solipsism involves treating things as people; the second kind of solipsism involves treating people as things. The paper also investigates the possible connections between these two solipsisms.

O tolerancji politycznej z punktu widzenia Michaela Walzera

Author(s): Dorota Sepczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2015

The main focus of this article is little known in Poland political tolerance. The article aims to: reconstruct of Michael Walzer concept of the political tolerance; to place it in the typology of relativism – universalism; to make a first step towards the separation of political tolerance from personal tolerance for a general discussion of tolerance; demonstrate that tolerance is not only modern, liberal concept, associated with the individual freedom; show that the dispute about tolerance not only between the enemies.

Holizm, indywidualizm, personalizm: od dualizmu platońskiego do sporu o źródło i status ludzkiej jednostkowości (N. Elias, I. Berlin, R. Rorty)

Author(s): Zbigniew Ambożewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2015

Individualism as a way of feeling and comprehension of reality has been a basic element of Western civilization for a long time. In 20th century individualism was criticized by personalism and similar currents. I shall point to the dualistic source (Platonic, Christian, Cartesian and Kantian) of the personalist criticism of individualism which also was, in my opinion, more or less apparent inspiration of later sociological and social-anthropological research on relationships between individual and society. I also try to answer what the social or ontological status of commonly accepted modern individualistic values is.

Rozumienie libertarianizmu

Author(s): Hubert Staśkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2015

This scientific article treats of libertarianism. This school of political thought is based on methodological individualism, methodological subjectivism, anti-empiricism, apriorism. Libertarian philosophers demand almost absolute freedom in every area of life and that is why they are at the opposite pole to all totalitarian ideologies. The greatest influence on the understanding of libertarianism had Carl Menger, Murray Rothbard and David Nolan.

On cyberimmortality

Author(s): Adam Drozdek / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2015

This article discusses the view of man as software, which leads to a view of personal immortality accomplished by uploading the mind to the computer. The view has been defended by computer scientists (e.g., Moravec, Kurzweil) and by theologians (e.g., Polkinghorne). The article argues that true immortality of the mind, or of the pattern of the mind, is riddled with the problem of maintaining personal identity. Moreover, because the preservation of the mind pattern requires a material substrate, the view also assumes that the material world is eternal. This article favors the Platonist-Augustinian view of immortality of the soul understood as a substance.

Continuous creation in the probabilistic world of the theology of Chance

Author(s): Dariusz Łukasiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2015

The aim of the paper is to present and analyze the doctrine of continuous creation typical for theism. Continuous creation is conceived of as divine causal action consisting in God’s bringing about the existence of any being at every moment of its existence. Such a definition of divine action, as N. Malebranche argued, leads to occasionalism – that is, to the view that God is the only cause in the world. In the first part of the paper, an attempt is made to demonstrate that Malebranche’s conclusion is valid and that two alternative views, weak and strong concurrentism, are not tenable. In the second part of the article, the idea of continuous creation is discussed, which can be formulated from the point of view of probabilistic theism.

Pierwszy paragraf siódmej księgi Etyki eudemejskiej (EE 7.1, 1234b18-1235b12) – wprowadzenie, przekład i komentarz

Author(s): Maciej Smolak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2015

The Introduction is devoted to the survey of the relation between The Eudemian Ethics and The Nicomachean Ethics from the point of the consideration on the friendship. The analysis is undertaken on the background of the study focused on the elaboration typology of the friendship, and the solution of the problem of intrapersonal friendship. The Introduction also contains the short presentation of the Aristotle’s research method, described by him as the natural way of the study, the aim of which is to know the first principles. The Commentary includes comments which do not relate to The Nicomachean Ethics, and refers mainly to the content of the other parts of the Eudemian Ethics.

Bycie czy byt? O dwóch podstawowych terminach filozofii Heideggera i problemach z ich polskimi przekładami

Author(s): Daniel Roland Sobota / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2015

Martin Heidegger’s texts are among the most difficult in the philosophical literature throughout the world. Paradoxically, despite they are commonly considered as untranslatable, they belong to the most frequently translated twentieth-century philosophical texts. High availability of translations makes the thought of Heidegger still enjoy great interest and result in a number of comments. The constantly growing number of translations of his texts affects shapes of national philosophies and their issues. It is particularly clearly visible in Poland where for a long time the philosophy of Heidegger was available only to the narrow circle of the German-speaking philosophers. The situation has changed significantly since the early nineties, when there rapidly began to appear translations of his major works. However, a different problem occurred – namely the problem of translation. It is nowhere so much invisible as in the case of two basic words: bycie (Being) and byt (being). This text follows various ways of translating and interpreting of Heidegger’s terms, asking about their philosophical relevance and relationship to the established philosophical tradition. Not denying any previous choices, it tries to develop a relevant criterion for understanding the two concepts. In order to do this, it tries to reveal the most important idea of Heidegger’s philosophy.

Śmierć Boga, śmiech człowieka

Author(s): Marcin Smerda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2015

Author of the article starts with a question about the meaning of the activity that is writing. He looks for answers in ‘The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences’ by Michel Foucault, which – according to the author – emerged from the experience of the laughter, triggered by the book of Jorge Louis Borges, in which he included an excerpt from the Chinese encyclopedia describing the classification of animals. The author is analyzing this phenomenon in detail, inter alia in the context of what about the laughter thought Georges Bataille, who greatly inspired Foucault. However, the author does not end his deliberation with an answer to the question: ‘Why Foucault wrote ‘The Order of Things’’, where the philosopher announced ‘the death of man’ for the first time. He is trying to go deeper and answer the question: ‘why the man had to die?’

Napad na Pascala

Author(s): Nick Bostrom / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2015

ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РЕАЛЬНОСТИ: КОРРЕЛЯТЫ ЭПОХИ АВАНГАРДА

Author(s): Aleksandr Pavlovich Golyshev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The paper considers the design of social reality based on the combination of non-classical and traditional pictures of the world in the works of P.A. Florenskii, the avant-garde artist. It has been demonstrated that P.A. Florenskii tried to synthesize ideological dominants of the avant-garde, revolutionism in all spheres of the human existence, contemporary technological and scientific achievements (especially as concerns intuitionistic and cognitive orientation) with conservatism, criticism of the civilization of that time, desire for structuring, search for the universal center, hierarchy, and appeal to the past (Pythagorean-Platonic metaphysics), as well as with the hopes for human renewal and enjoyment of personal freedoms in the authoritarian society.

ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИЯ, ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛ И ТЕЛЕСНОСТЬ ЧЕЛОВЕКА: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТОЧКИ ПЕРЕСЕЧЕНИЯ

Author(s): Olga Olegovna Dasaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The paper justifies that human corporeality can be regarded as an existential. The concepts of existence, existential, and phenomenal body are analyzed. The human body is proved to be existential after considering it as a mode of existential experience and analyzing phenomenal corporeality. The main features of existentiality and existence are singled out. Their relation to the human body is emphasized. Considerable attention is paid to the body transcendence. At the same time, the borderline nature of corporeality in the world is stressed. The novelty of the problem is that the human body is not considered as an obstacle to existence, but rather as an existential entity.

Wartość osobowa

Author(s): Mirosław Rutkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2015

The main aim of this paper is searching the nature of the relation between a personand certain things that constitutes their being good or bad for her, and explainingwhat it is for something to have for us exactly that value and not other.

Niedyrektywność w poradnictwie genetycznym dotyczącym decyzji reprodukcyjnych

Author(s): Olga Dryla / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2015

Nondirectiveness is almost universally recognized as the most defining feature of genetic counseling and adherence to a nondirective approach is the generally required and professed standard; there is no widely accepted definition of nondirectiveness yet. Although the principle of nondirectiveness is still poorly understood, its importance is widely discussed and sometimes questioned. The current article tries to elaborate – by analyzing different descriptions and interpretations of nondirective approach – a theoretically consistent and practically operational concept of nondirectiveness in genetic counseling concerning reproductive choices.

Związek filozofii Karla Jaspersa z klasyczną antropologią filozoficzną XX wieku

Author(s): Maciej Urbanek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2015

The main objective of this paper is to reconstruct Jaspers’ views on philosophical anthropology of the early twentieth century. The text can be divided into three parts. First part tries to reconstruct direct and indirect references which Jaspers makes toward: a) term “anthropology”, b) the representatives of philosophical anthropology. Second part shows Jaspers’ attitude toward Scheler’s anthropology. Third and final part raises a question: Why do we often regard Jaspers’ philosophy as anthropology, can he be considered as philosophical anthropologist? We will show that the main point of his critic is that anthropology sets biological point of view as a starting point for its inquiry on human being. Therefore, human being can not be seen adequately from anthropological perspective. Its specificity is reduced by anthropologists to the specific characteristics of species, a collection of biological, psychological and social conditions that describe the phenomenon of man but do not reach the depths of the human being.

Pravo na pluralitet u kulturama

Author(s): Abdulah Šarčević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2014

Mi znamo da nam je potrebna moralna osjetljivost koja svjedoči o punoći uma i mira, i slobode, o uklapanju trebanja u bitak (Durch die Einfugung des Sollens in das Sein und Hervorstellen des Einen durch das, was fehlt)1. Dopušta li nam nešto od značaja to što notira Paul Celan, čitajući jedan Kafkin stav kojeg nam je prenio jedan njegov prijatelj M. Brod, koji je u jednom pismu Peteru Jokostra-u od 6. 4. 1959. godine rekao: Die Tatsache, dass es nichts gibt als eine geistige Welt, nimmt uns die Hoffnung und gibt uns die Gewissheit.2 Mi se suočavamo sa tehnologijskom revolucijom, sa političkom revolucijom, sa tiranijom slobode ili demokracije. Jedva da smo sposobni da reflektiramo o tom modernom događanju. Pitanje o toleranciji znamo uvire u pitanje o uvjetima mogućnosti solidarnosti, policentričnog uma, o moralno pravnoj resurekciji (Hans Ebeling). I to – nasuprot Hegelovim kategorijama prividnog opravdanja svjetskog toka, koje je eksplicirao u Fenomenologiji duha ili u Filozofiji svjetske povijesti.

Ontologiczne podstawy edukacji religijnej w chrześcijaństwie

Author(s): Adam Wysocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The article indicates ontological bases which are at the ground of the religious education in Christianity. The touched problem considers issues of Christian anthropology and concerns the category of the person. The definite concept of the man fore judges applied pedagogic manners, that is the way of the approach to the pupil. The characteristics of the person indicates that for purposes of efforts of the man is his salvation, that in Christianity is the achievement of Communion with God, therefore the Christian religious education in its message points soteriological goals and measures. However nowadays, pluralism and multiculturalism and conditions of the public school extort using such type of the religious education which on one hand will accomplish ontological premises of Christian anthropology and on the other hand requirements of the present day.

Nihilizam i postmetafizičko mišljenje

Author(s): Abdulah Šarčević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 04/1998

Uistinu nama izgleda da je opravdana riječ o strašnoj istini, o onom nepodnošljivom krajoliku koji odavno prelazi u kulturu, u sublimirane, više forme ljudskog egzistiranja. Tako, naprimjer, moderni arhitekt koji raspolaže neslućenim sredstvima, uvijek ima pred sobom zadatke koji proizilaze iz vlastitog vremena i njemu pripadnog pojma obitavanja, istine; i on sa svojom umjetnošću stoji "u službi ovog kontinuiteta između jučer i sutra". Ljudske snage, međutim, u svakoj vrsti djelovanja i stvaranja, u modernom životu, izručene su moćima i jednostranostima tehničke forme civilizacije na koju je prije svega usmjereno naše postojanje; i niko ne može predvidjeti ishod toga u 21. stoljeću. Svako je danas izručen nekoj formi potuđenja: i umjetnik i radnik, i političar, i filozof; moći mišljenja i uvjerenja, opažanja i nadanja, suočena su s tim usudom svjetske civilizacije čije je porijeklo u Evropi.

Çukurova ve Kıbrıs Halk Kültüründe Ölümü Algılama

Author(s): Erman Artun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 85/2016

The notion of death is one of the themes which are handled in literature. Death is handled with the Sufi’s perception and according to Sufi’s ideas soul immortality and eternity are the infrastructure of the notion of death. What people do in the world in which people live in, we are responsible for them in future life. People believe that they will face their sins or good deeds in the future life. Meaning of death is not end of everything. Death is not dark and unbeknown. On the contrary, death is the second life for people. The real existence is soul and soul is immortal but body is mortal. In their poems which are related with death and grave, Minstrel advices that people should obey to Islamic rules. Meanwhile minstrels tell us life is temporary at the same time they tell people the way of eternal happiness. Minstrels’ religious knowledge is smattering. Although they are religious, they are bigoted. They discuss the god, prophets and clergymen in their poems. Death is not a terrible situation. Each living being will face the fact of death in minstrels’ poems. Religious information reflects minstrels’ tradition. According to Minstrels death is a faith and god has absolute dominance on the universe. People cannot do anything against the dominance of god. In Çukurova’s and Cyprus’s folk culture, there are a vast number of mistrials’ poems and laments which emphasize death and some effects of death. Moreover, traditions, believes, practises which are mentioned death and some effects of death shed light on people’s thoughts, reflections and behaviours.