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Разновидности на прагматистката концепция за истината

Author(s): Hristo Gyoshev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/1/2015

In this paper, I focus on the first formulations of the pragmatist conception of truth advanced by Charles S. Peirce, Ferdinand Schiller, William James and John Dewey. I attempt to delineate and compare the particular place of these four conceptions in the common framework of pragmatism, and to estimate their potential to replace the traditional understanding of truth as a ‘correspondence’ with an alternative concept based on the pragmatist understanding of truth. As the results show, the pragmatist philosophers do not really replace 'correspondence' with another concept, and while they often disapprove of it, they tacitly depend on its meaning for their conceptions of truth, which leads to an inconsistent position regarding the concept of correspondence. I also pay attention to the consequences of the pragmatist conceptions about truth for scientific knowledge.

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СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ЗНАНИЕ В ДИСКУРСИВНОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

Author(s): Elina Borisovna Minnullina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article shows that social knowledge is generated in communicative action and cannot exist prior to or outside the boundaries of the discourse space in which the action is carried out. The impact of accumulated knowledge on human society is explained not by its existence as a hypostatized sphere of the “third world”, but by the fact that the perlocutionary effect is actualized in a speech act as the articulation of a discourse. Discourse as a cohesion between text and context (extra-linguistic reality) is a purview of social patterns and norms.

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День города как перформанс единства сообщества

Author(s): Ekaterina Pavlenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

In this article the author examines the Town’s Day holiday as performance: the successful or unsuccessful performance of a particular message—that of the unity of urban community—for a particular audience (that same community). Using Jeffrey Alexander’s theory of cultural pragmatics the author concludes that in the case of Town’s Day held in Gorokhovets in 2011 the message performed during the official part of the celebration was not successful. Although the message (in the form of congratulatory speeches, nominations, awards, and musical numbers) was that of the declaration of the community’s unity, it was delivered to only a segment of the town’s community. But even that small segment of the community did not engage with the performance fully. In conclusion, the author suggests that Town’s Day cannot function as a ritual that brings together a segmented community, although it may function as a ritual that revives existing community solidarity.

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ГЛОБАЛЬНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ И ЧЕРТЫ

Author(s): Evgenija Mihailova Nikolaeva,Mikhail Dimitrijevich Schelkunov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

This paper considers general trends in the development of global higher education space, which is understood by us as a specific social and cultural universe manifesting itself in the complex of subjective, pragmatic, and environmental components. The trends and features discussed in the paper fix paradigm shifts in the sphere of higher education. These shifts determine its objectives, content, and organizational forms. In the context of the current socioeconomic reality, the role and position assumed by universities are changing dramatically. It becomes an entrepreneurial structure, effectively collaborating with business and government, integrated in the global space of higher education, and participating in knowledge transfer.

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Ka određenju značenja postmoderne

Author(s): Samir Arnautović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01/1998

Pitanje značenja postmoderne odavno već nije semantički orijentirano i izražava se u preispitivanju tokova otvorenih nastojanjem prevladavanja situacije u kojoj je već sve općenito izgubilo važnost u tome što je postalo poznato. U tom smislu "postmoderna" je jedna razdražujuća riječ. Ona plaši i mami (Wolfgang Welsch, Wege aus der Moderne, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1994., str.l) ona je izraz primarnosti promišljanja svih životno određenih momenata, te se u tom smislu pojavljuje kao izraz vremena. Istovremeno, upravo iz ove određenosti "postmoderna" je izraz koji više neće biti okrenut samo ka literaturi, arhitekturi i drugim oblastima umjetnosti, nego će jednako dobro biti sociološki upućena kako i filozofski, ekonomski, tako i teološki, za nju je pronađen priključak i u historiji i antropologiji, pravu i psihijatriji, teoriji kulture, geografiji i pedagogiji (W. Welsch, Ibid. str.l). Jasno je da postmoderna nije nikakvo relativiziranje stvari radi samog relativiziranja, ona nije izraz zahtjeva za partikularizacijom, čime bi bila samo novum moderne, nego potreba dekonstrukcije tradicije i perspektivističkog promišljanja zbilje. Značenje prefiksa "post" treba tražiti u višeznačnosti i spremnosti na polivalentnost u promišljanju.

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SVIJEST O VREMENU MODERNE I NJENA POTREBA ZA SAMOUVJERENJEM

Author(s): Jürgen Habermas / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 03+04/1988

The text represents the first chapter from the book on philosophic discourse of Modernism by Jürgen Habermas. The central figures are Hegel and Benjamin. The author discusses Hegel's discovery of subjectivity as a principle of new times. He explains the superiority of the modern world and its crisis, the world of progress and alienated spirit at the same time. The crucial historic events for establishment of the subjectivity principle are: Reformation, Enlightenment and French Revolution. In Modernism, religious life, nation and society are transformed and so are science, morality and art. The structure of Modernism in philosophy includes abstract subjectivity in Descartes cogito, absolute self-confidence in Kant, who places the mind as the highest tribunal, before which relevance has to be justified.

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Хегел и Байрон. Диалог между „Феноменология на духа“ и мистерията „Каин“

Author(s): Deyan Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

This article discuss the relationship between stoicism, scepticism and unhappy consciousness in Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit” and George Byron’s play “Cain”. The Byron’s biblical hero Cain, a son of Adam and Eve, raises a number of philosophical questions and like Hegel’s concept of scepticism, revolt against the established heavenly norms and laws. Through the knowledge that comes from Lucifer and like Hegel’s unhappy consciousness, Cain reaches the self-consciousness for himself.

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Краят на неолиберализма? А сега накъде?

Author(s): Valeri Lichev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The article is devoted to the challenges facing the neoliberalmodel after the wave of migrants and terrorist acts. Warnings of the crisis thatthe uncontrolled imposition of economic rationality and market values can bringare long before the financial crisis occurred in 2008. At the same time, the threatof terrorism was predicted with striking precision by J. Kristeva at the beginningof the 21st century, but the warning that it sends does not reach the politicians.These facts raise the issue of the need to review current democratic practices, asfar as the current models show serious shortcomings in the possibility of anticipatingand preventing social conflicts resulting from economic or politicalinequalities.

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Who We Are Is What Makes Us Laugh: Humour as Discourse on Identity and Hegemony

Author(s): Christian Ylagan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

There exists a sociocultural function to humour that is geared towards maintaining order through a subversion (or inversion) of the more serious, structured status quo, and while there is a pragmatic side to the dispensation of humour across any given society, humour can also serve a fundamentally ontological function in determining and representing a group’s identity. Though notions of social organization and culture exist and are perpetuated primarily within a group’s literary canon, as espoused for example in the privileging of genres such as the epic or the novel as loci of national identity, this paper argues that such identities can be just as effectively – if not better – constructed through popular representations in humour, especially in satirical content found in “ephemeral” mediums such as comic strips. Such representations in turn can be mobilized to complement or even dismantle the status quo and offer alternative paradigms of understanding national identities and cultural affiliations.

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Concepts of pedagogy as an applied philosophy: Paul Natorp, John Dewey and Sergius Hessen

Author(s): Wojciech Hanuszkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Paul Natorp, John Dewey and Sergius Hessen are usually considered to represent three different philosophical and pedagogical doctrines developed at the turn of the Twentieth century. These are, respectively: neo‑Kantianism, pragmatism and humanistic pedagogy widely rooted in Wilhelm Dilthey’s philosophy. Contrary to this common classification, Hessen himself described his own concept of pedagogy as an applied philosophy as a continuation of Natorp’s thought. However, Hessen also noted that an approach very similar to his one can be found (with some restrictions) in John Dewey’s theory. In this case, the fundamental issue is to determine the relationship between philosophy and pedagogical theory and practise. The main part of this article will identify the specificity of this relationship: the specificity implied by the concept of pedagogy understood as applied philosophy. The concept of pedagogy, understood as an applied philosophy in its theoretical and practical aspects, is the basis for critical reconstruction of social life in general. It is the opinion shared by all three philosophers that this type of reconstruction should be based on the communal dimension of basic social interactions, that is, on the communal dimension of work. The only way for the renewal of a different form of social life leads through regaining through them an essential communal dimension of human work. All three authors agreed that to regain the communal dimension of human work by another form of social interaction would only be possible when certain conditions are present; that is, when work will be permeated by individual creativity. The presence of such conditions shall be ensured by the educational community. Thus, the educational community should be a starting and end point for any critical social reconstruction as well as for the pedagogy understood as an applied philosophy.

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WILLIAM JAMES: ON THE BORDER BETWEEN SCIENCES AND RELIGION

Author(s): Mirela Radu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

"The American philosopher and psychologist William James (1842-1910) is known to the world of medicine for being the first psychologist in his country. But his influence on universal culture was much deeper. Together with the mathematician and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) he laid the foundation for pragmatism. James considers the human mind as a dynamic concept. James also contributed to functional psychology by attempting to define the subconscious in relation to the perception of personal existence. His medical studies led him to perceive psychology as a branch of biology. In the book he published only a year before he passed away, The Meaning of Truth (1909), James postulated radical empiricism. According to the American psychologist, human consciousness is a complex process, not just a data flow, but also the creation of networks and connections between these fragments, and human experience is a cumulative, non-random connection process. Numerous philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, logicians, mathematicians, and even literary writers are indebted to William James for his innovative ideas. The multidisciplinarity of this visionary man’s theories is unquestionable. He managed to create a system of thinking which blended all the aspects encountered when studying human mind.”

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The Serbian Socialist Party Attitudes towards the EU through the Lens of Party Programmes. Between Pragmatism and Patriotism

Author(s): Nataša Jovanović Ajzenhamer,Haris Dajč / Language(s): English Issue: 63/2019

In this paper, we will analyse the attitudes of the oldest political party in Serbia (the Socialist Party of Serbia – SPS) towards the European Union from the party’s establishment to the present day. We have chosen this party for two important theoretical and methodological reasons. First, it is the only party in Serbia to inherit the continuity of socialist heritage, i.e. the only one to retain the socialist nomenclature when, at least nominally, party pluralism, an electoral regime and the transformation to capitalism began. The second reason is that the SPS is the largest left-wing party in Serbia, and one of the largest parties in Serbia in general. In this paper, we will apply a narrative analysis of the party’s most important legal documents. The focus of our analysis will be on documents from 2010 and 2014, but to be able to follow the historical development of the attitudes of the SPS towards the EU, we have also included a document from 1990 in the analysis.

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Nostalgia Paradisului

Author(s): Corneliu Barborică / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2012

The article is an attempt at presenting the most important moments in the development of utopia as a perennial quest of humanity for a better world, in compensation for the manifold evils prevalent in our society. The author shows the origin of the utopia, which is not born from nothing but is the result of several myths, social disorders and mainly deep disappointment with the real society. Several important utopias of the world literature are quoted, such as the Egyptian paradise of Amenti, the Greek myth of Arcadia, Plato’s Respublica, as well as the contributions of Campanella and Thomas Morus. Karl Marx with his Manifesto and Capital is not omitted. Looking at the present day utopias, the author warns against the utopia transposed into politics.

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Dehumanizacija umjetnosti

Author(s): Karlo Opančar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2022

Umjetnost novog doba više se ne temelji na mitu i religiji, već ih nadomješta sa estetikom koja se može jedino razumjeti kao politička konstrukcija događaja i kao znanstveno-tehnički dizajn svijeta u kojemu sada vlada pobuna spram starih vrijednosti i uspostava novih estetskih pravila.

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За смисъла и значението в речевата комуникация

Author(s): Elena Tsvetkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

In this article, I consider certain types of presupposition and quantitative implicatures, the interpretation of which is based on the usage of scalar expressions. The aim is to explain how presuppositions and implicatures are processed by showing the commonalities and differences between them. Solving this task will shed light on the question of the relationship between language and context. The “scalar implicature approach to presuppositions” is reviewed as a prerequisite for explaining cases in which presuppositions and implicatures are treated in a similar way. The question of consideration is that even when scalar implicatures are understood automatically and independently of context, we have preliminary pragmatic models that predetermine context and influence the way we interpret such statements and how we arrange the terms on the scale. This approach is used as a prerequisite for the possibility of talking about degrees in the scales – i.e., cases of an utterance involving scalar expressions, where the same expression – both in presupposition and in an implicature – can mean something different to a certain degree, and yet the hearer grasp that degree of meaning without much additional effort in processing.

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ФЕНОМЕН МНОЖИННОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПАРАДИГМАЛЬНОГО ПОВОРОТУ ВІД ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ДО КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОСТІ

Author(s): Maya Trynyak,Svitlana Oleksandrivna Rudenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2023

In the conditions of the information society, personal identity acquires a multiple and situational character that with the dominance of instrumental rationality in public consciousness and insufficiently developed auto-communication practices may lead to the destabilization of global cultural and communicative process. Based on the analysis of discourses of communicative act by J. Habermas, S. Toulmin, A. Honneth, the authors of the article have justified relevance of paradigm turn from instrumental to flexible communicative rationality.

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The Phenomenology of Mystery in Rudolf Otto’s Metaphysics

Author(s): Marius Cucu,Oana Lența / Language(s): English Issue: 52/2023

The interrogation of the sacred proposed by Rudolf Otto’s metaphysical theology is not so much an answerless question as it is a conceptual open invitation to becoming aware of the phenomenon of meeting sacrality. It is also desired to become aware of the limits of reason in the process of analyzing the phenomenology of the sacred. Thus, the irrational is assumed to have the sense of mystery and knowledge becomes, then, an assumption of that which cannot be known about mystery. Regarded analytically, in the Kantian sense, the mystery and the numinous state it induces, that of mysterum tremendum, is revealed to be situated beyond the formalisms of reason, but also of the conventional ethics, metaphysically undefinable, above the relations of causality or dependency. Its reality, confirmed, at the level of the impact on human conscience, and by the philosophies of empirical pragmatism, could better be postulated by appealing to similar perspectives of the negative theology. For Rudolf Otto, these ascertainments and the appeal to the terminological genesis and evolution of the concept of divine mystery’s typology constitute landmarks which confirm the dimension of the human being’s spiritual life, a dimension which remains, for now, undefinable for the potential of our reason and argumentative logic.

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Към началото на прагматизма в България – възторг и откровение (по повод смъртта на Уилям Джеймс)

Author(s): Stanul Grozev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The text presented here is a part of a broader study on the reception and influence of pragmatism in Bulgaria and emphasizes upon a single, but very important detail – an article by Georgi Minev from 1910, commemorating the death of William James. The article is the first characteristic introduction of the specific philosophical principles of pragmatism presented in our country. As such, it deserves a more detailed examination and analysis in the broader context of pragmatism in Bulgaria.

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Art in protest discourses – on the example of the Belarusian anti-government protest movement

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz,Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska,Helena Pociechina / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In protest discourses the problem of using aesthetic and artistic elements lies in the centre of attention. The authors draw empirical material from the Belarusian protest movement, especially the anti-government protests of 2020. In the current study the problem of the use of aesthetic elements in protest discourses is considered in two aspects: 1) in the aspect of artistic activism, i.e. the involvement of artists in resistance activities; 2) in terms of the use of aesthetic speech acts in various forms of protest activity, i.e. as a special rhetorical tool with emphatic and persuasive function, but also as a means of expression with the satisfying function. As a result of this dichotomy, the article is divided into two parts. The authors point out that even though public art is not developed in Belarus (e.g. in the field of visual arts), aesthetic creativity is a very characteristic feature of both street poster discourses and forms of protest in the Internet.

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Jutro będzie bitwa kosmiczna: futura contingentia w XXI wieku

Author(s): Jacek Wawer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 68/2024

This is a summary of the recent research related to the issue of future contingents. It focuses on the aspects that were largely neglected in the traditional debate, such as relativism, pragmatics of assertion, probability, epistemology, and metaphysics

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