Ideomotoryczna teoria działania w ujęciu Williama Jamesa

Author(s): Adriana Schetz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 43/2015

The paper discusses the view of William James on the contribution of will to our decisions to act. According to James, our voluntary action, which for him is strongly connected with an intention to do something, occurs when the subject of the action knows its sensorimotor effects. An attempt has been made to defend James’ view and rebut popular criticisms aiming to undermine the role of knowledge in voluntary action. The paper also offers to identify a contemporary context for the ideomotor theory of action. It is argued that such a context is provided by the enactive theory of perception.

Prikaz

Author(s): Asim Mujkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 08/1996

Richard Rorty: "Contingency, Irony, end Solidarity", Cambridge Universitity Press, 1989.

Djuijevo pragmatističko poimanje umetnosti u knjizi "Art as Experience"

Author(s): Dušan Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 26/2016

This paper examines the aesthetics of John Dewey in light of his pragmatist philosophy, with special emphasis on Dewey’s ideas discussed in his famous book Logic, Theory of Inquiry. We analyze his views on art in close relation with his conceptions of qualitative experience and the similarities between everyday life experience and aesthetic experience. After considering certain aspects of Dewey’s critique of traditional aesthetics, the paper focuses on his rejection of the notion of “art for art’s sake” as particularly relevant when pointing out the relation between his aesthetics and his pragmatism. The paper also examines some purposes of art that Dewey mentions in his aesthetics.

Spotkanie Gadamera z Derridą – spojrzenie pragmatysty

Author(s): Richard Shusterman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2016

The paper offers a philosophical commentary on the widely discussed 1981 meeting of Derrida and Gadamer at Paris’ Goethe Institute. These two figures “virtually personify, in hermeneutics and deconstruction, the two major and rival ‘schools’ of contemporary continental philosophy associated with the primacy of interpretation.” Adopting a pragmatist perspective, the author discusses their approaches to the issue of interpretation – different and often seen as mutually exclusive. He claims that Derrida and Gadamer in fact have a great deal in common and tries to show that American pragmatism offers a mode of mediation, which allows us to grasp their mutual relations. The author concentrates on the three central issues that emerge from Derrida’s Three Questions to Hans-Georg Gadamer, namely the context of interpretation, consensual continuity versus rupture as the basis or precondition of interpretation, and the nature or possibility of perfect dialogical understanding.

Pragmatyzm w Polsce – wczesne reakcje, pierwsze wzmianki

Author(s): Tomasz Knapik / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIV/2012

The purpose of the article “Pragmatism in Poland – first reactions, early records” is to show the process of familiarizing Polish readers with this new philosophical trend, and its reception in Poland at the beginning of the 20th century. Polish scholars, despite the difficulties involved, were familiar with the main assumptions of pragmatism. The sources of their knowledge in this respect were most often studies conducted at western university centres. The main exponents of pragmatic ideas were: Florian Znaniecki (1882–1958), Władysław Mieczysław Kozłowski (1858–1935) and Stanisław Brzozowski (1878–1911), whereas Władysław Biegański (1857–1917) developed his views in opposition to pragmatism. However, it is necessary to point out that the role of Polish scholars in the development of pragmatism was insignificant. Kozłowski undoubtedly popularized the main ideas – views endorsed by pragmatists through his work, while the works of Znaniecki and Brzozowski were sources of information to the reader who was interested in philosophical novelties of the new intellectual movement, interchangeably called pragmatism or humanism. The mentioned scholars drew their philosophical inspirations from pragmatism, which in a sense they eventually assimilated; in consequence, pragmatism shaped their own original views.

Г. ФАЙХИНГЕР И РАННИЙ ГУССЕРЛЬ: ОПЫТ НЕ ВПОЛНЕ ОБЫЧНОГО СОПОСТАВЛЕНИЯ

Author(s): Nelly Motroshilova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

This article is conceived as a rather unusual comparison of the two ways in philosophy, as well as of the same ideas of H. Vaihinger, on the one one hand, and of early E. Husserl, on the other hand –in the period, when they were the colleagues at Halle University to the end of XIX-th century.The analysis, given in this article, is concentrated on the special problems as follows: – the early“objective” juxtaposition to the end XIX-th century of the naturalism, positivism, pragmatism as represented by H. Vaihinger and of the anti-naturalistic orientation of early Husserl; – the H. Vaihinger’s “Die Philosophie des Als Ob” and some ideas of Husserl (“Logische Untersuchungen”)about so called “the laws of nature” as “idealized fictions”. Special attention in the work ofH. Vaihinger also deserves his important historical and philosophical investigations. This is, for example, his comments to Kant’s “Critique of Pure Reason”. It must be said that the philosophy of H. Vaihinger still very poor explored, as well as the works of early Husserl. The author intends to shed light on this poorly explored subject.

ПУБЛИЧНЫЙ ДИСПУТ ОНТОЛОГИЯ СОЗНАНИЯ: НАТУРАЛИЗМ / ТРАНСЦЕНДЕНТАЛИЗМ

27 марта 2015 г., СПбГУ, Институт философии

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

This publication is a transcript of the open disputation dedicated to the theme Ontology of Consciousness:Naturalism vs Transcendentalism, which has been held at March 27, 2015 at the Institute ofPhilosophy of St. Petersburg State University. Both positions, naturalism and transcendentalism, werepresented by the teams of two experts, who offered to the public their vision of correlation betweennaturalism and transcendentalism as well as attacked the arguments of opposite side. Moreover, the audiencehad the possibility not only to put the questions to experts, but also to make short remarks on thesubject of discussion. The following problems were discussed during the disputation time: the causalconditionality of the consciousness, constitution of the object of nature and belonging of consciousnessto their realm, the possibility of the freedom inside the natural world, the perspectives of the naturalizationof the phenomenology. But the consensus has not been reached. The range of opinions reached bythe experts during the discussion was quite extensive: from the recognition that transcendentalism andnaturalism are enemies, which fight each other until final victory, to the assumption of the possibilityof mutual complementarity or at least a correction of its own thesis under the influence of criticismopposite side.

Kaip įmanoma fenomenologinė – pragmatistinė tiesos samprata?

Author(s): Agnė Alijauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 92/2017

In this article it is argued that the phenomenological – pragmatist conception of truth is possible when it is grounded by human experience and usefulness for a human. It is shown that the phenomenological – the pragmatist conception of truth is dissociated from objectivist pretensions in two ways: firstly as a method defined by subjective experience and, secondly, as a field of insight, situated not in objectivity but in experience itself. Reformulating the phenomenological principle in a way that it would coincide with the pragmatist one, it can be said that to experience something as something means to use something as something. This exact relation of experience and usefulness constitutes truth as an applied conception.

Zkušenost v Deweyho experimentální metafyzice: Radikální překročení subjekt-objektové epistemologie

Author(s): Radim Šíp / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2014

The author traces the road Dewey covered when he tried to free himself from a traditional ontology and epistemology. He did completely change understanding of the concept of experience. In the second part, author shows what it is meant to be “true”/“false” in the pragmatist logic and epistemology. It is indicated by explication of Dewey’s up-to-date conception of perception and knowledge. The role of action is stressed there. In the third part, author explains why our traditional approach to thinking could not accept this pragmatist understanding. He introduces there Dewey’s analysis of the old Greek idea of knowledge as seeing finalities of the “true world”. In the semi-final part, the author articulates Dewey’s conception of “ecological paradigm” that could be seen as final liberation from the old, powerful, yet false tradition of the separate objects ontology. There the conception of situational ontology is presented. In the last part, he summarizes a new understanding of knowledge, truth and situational ontology and thus determines a new meaning of experience. Experience there is understood as a not-subjective field of powers that cross back and forth borders of objects in a process of achieving equilibrium.

Pravda očima pragmatika

Author(s): Radim Šíp / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2006

The paper tries to offer an overall pragmatic perspective on the concepts „knowledge“, „truth“, and „reality“. The perspective should also pick out the socalled metaphysics of „true world“ and show that the metaphysics is created by a long historical, and that's why un-necessary, tradition. This arbitrary tradition is a reason for popularity of the correspondence theory of truth, in spite of the fact that nobody can explain what „correspondence“ means exactly. The author contrasts this metaphysics with the pragmatic metaphysics of „undemarcation of organism and enviroment“. In pragmatic terms, one truth is defined as a function of language, and hence as a function of life.

A Logical-Pragmatic Theory of Objects

Author(s): Augustín Riška / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2006

There are two fundamental questions concerning the choice and presence of objects in various formal systems: (1) Where do these objects come from? (2) What do (can) we know about them? To answer these questions I introduce the notion of a proto-ontology as the pre-theoretic realm of (unspecified) entities from which the basic objects – individuals – of the formal system S are postulated. The pragmatic aspects of such choices are investigated with regard to first-order logic, both pure and applied, set theory and mereology. It is claimed that the postulated (chosen, constructed) objects enter the formal system S with a package of properties and relationships, the recognition of which depends on the interpretation and application of the available predicates of S. If these properties and relationships are not made explicit, a possible clash may arise between them and the properties and relationships “assigned” to the individuals of S by the interpreted predicates of S. As regards the relationship between logic and metaphysics, I contend that logic can perhaps be viewed as the articulation of the fundamental features of proto-ontological objects without which no discourse or theory would be possible. In this sense logic could also be viewed as a theory and method of the construction of a well-articulated metaphysical theory.

Richard Rorty: Filozofia a zrkadlo prírody

Author(s): Tomáš Marvan / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2001

Review of: Richard Rorty: Filozofia a zrkadlo prírody, Kalligram, Bratislava 2000, XIII+339 s.

The Elenctic Proof of Aristotle’s Principle of Non-contradiction

Author(s): Dariusz Piętka / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2012

The paper is an attempt at presenting the elenctic proof of Aristotle’s principle of non-contradiction. The first part gives an account of a theory of the three aspects of the semiosis process. An aim this chapter is to put forward a foundations to distinguish notion of the proof in strictly deductive sense and notion of the proof in persuasion sense. The second part is dedicated to the notion of elenctic proof which has a pragmatic sense. Subject of the third part of papper is the elenctic proof of Aristotle’s principle of non-contradiction from a pragmatic point of view. The elenctic proof is a way of arguing aimed at refuting of a contrary thesis of the opponent. Aristotle’s concept of the deductive proof concerns to syllogistic. The elenctic proof goes beyond syllogistic and it is certain procedure that is to demonstrate the weakness of the denegation of the principle of non-contradiction on the basis of the easiness of refuting the opponent’s convictions.

Augustín Riška: Americká filozofia. Od Percea po Quina

Author(s): František Mihina / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/1997

Review of: Augustín Riška: Americká filozofia. Od Peircea po Quina. IRIS, Bratislava 1996, 194 s.

Coordonate ale disputei dintre postmodernitate şi modernitate

Author(s): Miron ROMAN / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2010

The article continues the series of the preceiding three (published in numbers 24, 25 and 26 of Revista de Ştiinţe Politice). One analyses J.-Fr. Lyotard’s postmodern conception regarding the legitimation of scientific knowledge not with the instrument of the holistic logic of rational argumentation through macronarrations (as in the case of modernity), but through the characteristics of the production and mercantile use of information, on the basis of the pragmatic logic of effectiveness parceled in information niches.

Returning to a Tension withing Grice’s Original Account of Nonnatural Meaning

Author(s): Konstanty Kuzma / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

It has become a commonplace to regard Grice’s project in “Meaning” as plagued by circularity, and almost as prevalent to dismiss such charges as unfounded. Much of the controversy surrounding Grice’s presumed circularity revolves around the question whether Grice is committed to a reductionist project of meaning, or whether it is merely meant to elucidate the nature of meaning without pretending to reduce it to something meaningless. Rarely, however, are these views developed as part of a systematic analysis of Grice's original paper, as this paper seeks to do. My paper consists of two parts. In the first part, I try to show how Grice can be defended from John Searle’s criticism relating to the famous American soldier example and argue that Searle’s suggested amendments run counter to Grice’s ambitions. In the second part of my paper, I illustrate – drawing on the first part – why “Meaning” both makes it necessary and seem impossible that the timeless meaning of utterances be fully reducible to individual utterances and thus to individual speakers’ intentions. I argue that this seriously challenges the view that Grice is putting forward a theory of intention-based semantics in “Meaning” which would present a viable alternative to later developments of his theory.

Relativism, neopragmatism si diversitate culturala

Author(s): Cătălin Stănciulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 09+10/2006

Parmi les solution qu'on donne au problème de la préservation des identités culturelles des divers communautés dans le contexte de li'intégration européenne et, plus généralement, de la tendance de globalisation. À partir des réponses du philosophe néo-pragmatiste Richard Rorty, on essaiera. d'identifier quelques-uns des présupposés philosophiques et, à la fois, des aspects critiques de sa solution.

Holism, “dialectica disensiunii” şi argumentarea deliberativă bazată pe valori

Author(s): Cătălin Stănciulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30+31/2011

A holistic interpretation – in terms of what Brandom (2000) calls „the ontological priority of the social” - of the appeal to subjectivity, interpretation that defines assertions as the assumptions of responsabilities to other participants to what Brandom calls the „game of giving and asking for reasons”, and a Rortyian pragmatist interpretation of the Berlin’s notion of value pluralism (Rorty, 2007) may contribute to an understanding of value-based public deliberative argumentation in terms of what Sartori (2001) calls „dialectic of dissension” rather than in those of Kock’s „enduring dissensus” (Kock, 2003; 2006; 2007; 2009a; 2009b).

LYDERYSTĖS IDĖJŲ PAIEŠKO S VILHELMO STOROSTO S-VYDŪNO FILOSOFIJOJE

Author(s): Aelita Skarbalienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 95/2018

Although, in Lithuania, the philosophical quest for leader’s identity is gaining great capacity, the ideas of leadership are sought in Eastern and Western philosophies bypassing the philosophical heritage of Lithuania. Efforts are made to restrict pragmatism and consumerism and promote sustainable ideas of leadership based on moral values. Every person is encouraged to look for the leadership identity in her/himself. It is argued that identity consists of subjective self-assessment, the choice of personal values and social roles. The idea that personal leadership is just a social construct and can be successfully developed became popular in the world and recently was accepted in Lithuania. But perhaps, in the Lithuanian philosophy heritage, there is the original idea of leadership developed by Vydūnas. It is highly likely that, by encouraging a return to morality and values, he could also raise ideas of leadership. This article presents the results of the quest for the ideas of leadership in Vydūnas’s philosophy.

SOCIOLOŠKA ISTRAŽIVANJA SAMOUPRAVNIH ODNOSA

Author(s): Aleksandar Minić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/1982

This work is concerned with the phenomenon of self-management socio-economic relations as a significant field of sociological research.