Filozoficzne korzenie jednostki i osoby. Personalizm i indywidualizm wobec kantyzmu

Author(s): Zbigniew Ambrożewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 46/2015

In the paper I argue that Kant’s philosophy underlies both contemporary individualism and personalism. The Kantian categorical imperative may be, in my opinion, interpreted in an anti-egotistical way and in an entirely individualistic one. The first kind of interpretation not only made a contribution to the emergence of numerous and manifold kinds of personalism, but it also inspired many critics of individualism. The second kind of interpretation, together with the Kantian analyses of human self, became essential to the conceptualization of modern individualism. I argue that Kantian tradition in many respects appears to be close to Thomism as far as the conception of person and human individual is concerned. As the dispute between American Thomists, discussed in the paper, reveals, Thomistic personalists found, in Kant’s philosophy (broadly conceived) issues which filled some gaps in the scholastic heritage, especially in anthropology, ethics, and social problems.

LE SCHÉMA TRIADIQUE DE L’HISTOIRE DANS LA VISION DE TROIS GRANDS POÈTES ET PENSEURS ALLEMANDS

Author(s): Mioara Mocanu / Language(s): French Issue: 13/2015

Le thème central de cette approche est la conception philosophique de l’histoire qui trouve son expression inédite dans des écrits de Lessing, Schiller et Novalis. Chacun de ces trois auteurs allemands assume un modèle dialectique, à cet égard, par l’invocation d’une valeur primordiale, à même de guérir la scission intérieure entre le sensible et l’intelligible, entre l’ordre de la réalité et l’ordre de l’esprit. Dans les oeuvres de ces trois auteurs, et particulièrement dans l’Europe de Novalis, on propose aussi une philosophie de l’unification européenne, ce qui leur assure l’importance dans le cadre actuel du discours européen

German and Temporality: the Wissenschaftslehre in Fichte's Addresses to the German Nation

Author(s): Diego Fusaro / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

This essay aims to demonstrate how, in Addresses to the German Nation, the Fichtean polemic against Dogmatismus is determined under the concept of temporality and, in particular, within the dimension of the Geschichstphilosophie. As is known, the entire Fichtean work (from the juvenile Revolutionsschriften up to the late Staatslehre, printed in 1813) is dotted with stands against the dogmatic and fatalistic conceptions of history, where the latter is reduced to an automatic process, independent from human action. Fichte opposes to these perspectives - in line with the principles of the WL and the "system of liberty" - a conception of historicity as a non-deductible "series" (Reihe) of human actions that articulate themselves over time. The Reden an die deutsche Nation of 1808 will be the basis for an examination of the Fichtean conception of temporality and, in particular, to see how the fight between WL and Dogmatismus translates into a new form, that is, a stance against the circular Zeitauffassung.

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К ПУБЛИКАЦИИ ПЕРЕВОДА «ИЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ФИЛОСОФСКОГО ЭМПИРИЗМА» Ф. В. Й. ШЕЛЛИНГА

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

This publication is the translation of the first fragment of F. W. J Schelling’s Presentation of PhilosophicalEmpiricism accompanied by the analytical translator’s preface. In his treatise, Schelling assessesthe history of modern philosophy. Namely, he treats it as history of experiments, the goal of whichwas in the search for the primary fact in the world. In Schelling’s opinion, this fact is in the growingover-weight of the subjective over the objective. Only his philosophy of nature was able to find thisfact. However, it is not genuine fact but only pure fact, because it does not content in itself any groundfor the over-weighting of the subjective over the objective. For resolve this problem, Schelling startsto use the concepts formed by Ancient philosophers, namely by Pythagoras and Plato. The concepts ofthe limitless and the limit are belonging to the series of the mentioned concepts. Accordantly, Schellingassociates the notion of the objective with the one of the limitless being and the notion of the subjectivewith the one of the limit or limiting instance. His inquiry into the correlation between the limitless beingand the limit, i.e. between the objective and the subjective leads him to the declaration of the existenceof the free efficient cause, which determinates their interplay and the rise of that-what-should-be fromthat-what-should-not-be. Since the limitless is the objective and the limit is the subjective in accordancewith Schelling, such efficient cause is also the cause of the progressive over-weighting of the subjectiveover the objective as well. It can explain the fact, which the Schelling’s philosophy of nature has onlyfound but not explained. The in his preface, the translator puts the question of the possibility as well asof a relevance of the Schelling’s late philosophy to the phenomenological thought. In this context, heemphasizes few moments, by which the later Schelling’ philosophy could be of interests for phenomenologists,namely the following ones: the concept of philosophical empiricism itself, the Schelling’sdivision between the pure fact and the genuine fact, his treatment of history of philosophy as history ofexperiments. Moreover, he speaks about main difficulties connected with the translation of Schelling’stext into Russian and gives a German-Russian glossary for utility of Russian readers. The translatorgives also the commentaries by Arthur Drews, who reedited the Schelling’s treatise in 1902, in theirRussian translation.

ИЗЛОЖЕНИЕ ФИЛОСОФСКОГО ЭМПИРИЗМА

Из Введения в философию. Читано в Мюнхене, последний раз в 1836 г. (Из рукописного наследия)

Author(s): Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

АНОНС XII МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО КАНТОВСКОГО КОНГРЕССА XII INTERNATIONAL KANT CONGRESS 21–25 сентября 2015 года, Вена, Австрия

Author(s): The Editorial Board HORIZON / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

У одбрану трансценденталне дедукције категорија

Author(s): Aleksandar Stevanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 27/2017

The aim of this paper was to try to examine the possibility of adequate defense of Kant`s transcendental standpoint against the critical arguments given by Paul Guyer in his article “The transcendental deduction of the categories”. The first part of the paper gave the analysis of Paul Guyer`s critique of Kant, which consisted of two main lines of argumentation, first, concerning the relation between the categories and transcendental apperception, which was inadequate to show the formal connection that could establish deduction in the Critique of Pure Reason, and second, about possibility of deduction based on the difference of judgments of experience and judgment of perception given in Prolegomena. The second part of the paper attempted to show, that these objections could be avoided if it could be proven that the transcendental deduction stands in coordination with different faculties of the spontaneity of thinking (transcendental apperception, understanding and imagination) and not (as Guyer tried to prove) in the hierarchy of these faculties in establishing the transcendental deduction. The possibility of identifying the synthesis of transcendental apperception and categories of understanding suggested by Guyer were criticized, and the analysis was made considering the particular role of the category of relation in constituting the objective knowledge in judgments of experience.

Le cœur transcendantal de la sociabilité : corps et jugement à l’origine de la théorie de la reconnaissance de Fichte

Author(s): Diogo Ferrer / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

Considering J. G. Fichte’s texts from his period in Jena, I discuss the insertion of the second person in the transcendental structure of judgement and its relations to the embodiment of the self. Recognition of the other and embodiment are not a result of experience, but a priori elements without which experience is not possible. For this purpose, I address the following points: (1) freedom and objective experience are interdependent concepts; (2) the theory of the ‘thetic’ judgement, exposed in the Grundlage of 1794/95, is the demonstration of the previous point; (3) in order to reflect and to be self-conscious, the I must posit a passive element for itself and in itself; (4) the passivity required by the reflective determination of the I, named ‘determinability’, is the I’s body; (5) the I is thus always a body, where its will expresses itself immediately; (6) the determinability has also the form of a plural ‘spiritual’ world of recognition; (7) Fichte’s theory of self-consciousness connects systematically the theories of judgement, human freedom, objective experience, embodiment and intersubjectivity. As a conclusion, I argue that Fichte’s theory of intersubjective recognition has not only a normative, but also a metaphysical or ontological scope.

La pertinence contemporaine de la théorie fichtéenne de la reconnaissance

Author(s): Luis Fellipe Garcia / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

This paper suggests the hypothesis that a new reading of Fichte’s theory of recognition can enrich the contemporary debate on the subject, since it makes possible to link the question of recognition to the construction and maintenance of a community. We propose that this link would enlarge the juridicalpolitical field of the contemporary discussion so as to include in it a symbolic-cultural dimension of recognition.

Hegel et le seuil de la rationalité historique, le concept de barbarie dans les Leçons sur la philosophie de l’histoire

Author(s): Manuel Tangorra / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

Through a reading of Hegel’s Lectures on the Philosophy of History, the following article proposes an analysis of the cleavage between historical and un-historical nations, that is, of the opposition between civilization and barbarism. If the development of history represents the progress of the selfconsciousness through its different manifestations, Hegel identifies a radical alterity that remains excluded from such a rational path. By locating its paradigmatic expression in the “African character”, Hegel identifies barbarism as the pathological deviation of spiritual activity that prevents any ethical objectification, any stable political, religious or cultural institution. The inferiorization of the barbarian, however, does not lead to its animalization. Rather it designates a specifically human subjectivity, which, on a given geographical situation, is incapable of developing its freedom in a historical course. Without questioning the universality of the humankind – that is, without subscribing to any naturalistic fatalism – Hegel structures a hierarchy of spiritual existences, that reveals itself as essential for the eurocentric construction of world history.

Ohlášení brzkého uzavření dohody o věčném míru ve filosofii

Author(s): Immanuel Kant / Language(s): Czech Issue: 56/2019

Text

Nevyhnutelné vyústění etiky do metafyziky u I. Kanta

Author(s): Jakub Sirovátka / Language(s): Czech Issue: 57/2019

The article distinguishes two possible answers presented by the Alcibiades I regarding the question “Who am I?”. The first answer is carried out in terms of our practical identity, as it is discussed in the first part of the dialogue; the second answer concerns our deeper, constitutive self, uncovered in the second part of the dialogue. Whereas other interpretations look for different senses of the “self” in the second part of the dialogue, my interpretation shows that distinct concepts of the “self” are to be found across the entire dialogue. In conclusion I address the relation between these two concepts of the self in order to show in what sense the constitutive “self” serves as a normative ground for our practical identity.

Metakritika k purismu rozumu

Author(s): Johann Georg Hamann / Language(s): Czech Issue: 57/2019

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Hamannova Metakritika k purismu rozumu

Author(s): Robin Pech / Language(s): Czech Issue: 57/2019

Commentary

Od Antigony po spořádanou manželku. Co s Hegelovými ženami?

Author(s): Tereza Matějčková,Erzsébet Rózsa / Language(s): Czech Issue: 58/2020

Dialektika!

Author(s): Tereza Matějčková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 58/2020

U povodu 250. godišnjice rođenja G. W. F. Hegela (1770–2020)

Author(s): Mile Babić,Asim Mujkić,Bernard Harbaš / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2021

Za prošlu (2020) godinu planirali smo održati simpozij u povodu 250. godišnjice rođenja Georga Wilhelma Friedricha Hegela. Naše je namjere onemogućila pandemija korona virusa koja se početkom baš te godine pojavila, pa smo radove planirane za taj simpozij odlučili objaviti u ovom dvobroju časopisa Dijalog (1–2/2021).

Reflective-Teleological Judgment as Indeterministic Subsumption: Kant and Modern Hermeneutics

Author(s): Horst Ruthrof / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

The paper argues that modern hermeneutics has failed to recognize Kant’s reflective-teleological reasoning as a highly advanced form of interpretation as presented in Part II of the Critique of Judgment. If we liberate the principles of reflective-teleological judgment from his examples of biological nature, the paper claims, we arrive at nothing less than Kant’s general proto-hermeneutics. Such a distillation of hermeneutic principles is then justified on three grounds, that (1) Kant views nature broadly as the “sum of phenomena”; (2) his arguments about the purposiveness of nature are derived by analogy from cognitive judgments about art; and (3) in Kant, human culture is an advanced appearance of nature. A summary statement of Kant’s proto-hermeneutics is followed by a sketch of significant moments throughout the history of modern hermeneutics, from Ast, Schleiermacher and Dilthey to Heidegger and Gadamer, and from Habermas and Ricoeur to Caputo and Vattimo, when many Kantian hermeneutic themes are broached without acknowledgment of their sources in the Critiques. Crucially, what modern hermeneutics fails to see is that Kant’s reflective-teleological judgment amounts to an advanced procedure of indeterministic, hermeneutic subsumption beyond induction.

Culture and Freedom in Transcendental and Speculative Idealism

Author(s): Christian Krijnen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The founding fathers of modern philosophy of culture, the neo-Kantians, and especially the Southwest school, brought the concept of culture into play as a counter concept to that of nature. Taking Heinrich Rickert’s conception of culture as a starting point, the article shows how culture is conceived of as a self-formation of the (concrete) subject (agent). It leads to transcendental idealism of freedom, typical of a Kantian type of transcendental philosophy. However, in this self and world formation of the subject it is presupposed that nature is to any extent formable by values and thus by freedom. This presupposition cannot be accounted for properly within transcendental idealism. Hegel, by contrast, conceives of culture as a manifestation of the idea, leading to speculative idealism of freedom. The origin of culture, i.e., its original determinacy, should not be conceived of in terms of an opposition to nature, and consequently in the fashion of a subject (agent) of thought and action that forms itself by forming its world, culture. Rather, it should be conceived of in terms of a manifestation of the idea as the truly transcendental subject qua absolute ground of validity and thus the ground of being too. Nature and culture are both primarily determined by their ideal character and the relationships emerging therefrom.

Die Neue Fries’sche Schule versus Neukantianismus

Author(s): Andrzej J. Noras / Language(s): German Issue: 47/2022

The subject of this article is the divergences between the various directions and phases of Neo-Kantianism. It is an attempt to answer the question of why there were heated polemics between the representatives of the different approaches, although in principle they thought alike. In the author’s opinion, neo-Kantianism is a problem in itself and therefore it is difficult to find a uniform definition of neo-Kantianism.