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Andrzej Fuliński as a representative of the concept of philosophy in science

Author(s): Kamil Trombik / Language(s): English Issue: 75/2023

This paper analyzes selected issues related to the philosophy of the Krakow physicist Andrzej Fuliński. Since the 1970s, Fuliński has been strongly associated with the interdisciplinary milieu gathered around Heller and Życiński. His activity can therefore be considered within the context of the broader phenomenon known as the Krakow School of Philosophy in Science, which was founded by Heller and Życiński. This paper proposes the thesis that Fuliński’s style of philosophy is connected with the concept of philosophy in science and tries to justify the thesis that Fuliński, due to his cooperation with the interdisciplinary milieu in Krakow and the specificity of his philosophical works, deserves to be regarded as a representative of the Krakow School of Philosophy in Science.

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Sposobnosti i pravednost za ljude koji nemaju sposobnosti razložnosti i racionalnosti

Author(s): Iva Martinić,Elvio Baccarini / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/171/2023

In the article, we consider the objections of the capability approach to Rawls’s theory of public justification. The objection is that Rawls’s theory is considered with an exclusive focus on reason and rationality as essential properties of justice, excluding from the domain of justice people who do not possess these properties (such as people with severe cognitive impairments). We point out the shortcomings of the alternative proposal to the capability theory, which is based on the dignity of the species, because we claim that no valid normative conclusions can be derived from the concept of the species. We conclude by adopting a model of public justification according to which duties and rights are determined by reasonable people (ideal legislators). Reasonable people impartially judge the principles of justice even for those who do not participate in the process of justification but deserve the recognition of rights by universalizing these rights. Through universalization, they justified these rights for themselves and for those they represented by presenting adequate representatives in the process of justifying the principles of justice for those who do not have the capability to be reasonable and rational.

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Bionadzor tehnokracije u pandemiji

Author(s): Vesna R. Stanković Pejnović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/172/2023

Technocracy is the economic and social control of the community and individuals that is noticeable in both the East and the West. The technetronic era involves the gradual appearance of a more controlled and directed society. Such a society would be dominated by an elite whose claim to political power would rest on allegedly superior scientific know-how. Technocrats have never cared about political ideology, but rather only about the best and most efficient solutions to problems. Science is to be admired because it gives us power over nature, and the power comes wholly from technique. Technology becomes more biological, while biology becomes more technological. In the pandemic, biosurveillance contains abstract forms of the panopticon, as a category of power with a disciplinary function aimed at imposing certain behavior and exploiting the power of human capital, which includes the biopolitical body on the one hand, in Foucault’s perspective, and social control, as seen by Gilles Deleuze, on the other. In biosurveillance capitalism, corporate capital brings together controlled, dispersive, comprehensive, and ubiquitous networked power. Biosurveillance of individuals is not only carried out through ideologies but also through consciousness – both in and over the body in the spectacle of fear and media programming, through all aspects of social life. The article proves that technocracy has possessed every aspect of biosurveillance in society because it has gained instrumental power that tends to instrumentalize behavior, modification, prediction, and control. Through biosurveillance, technocracy tends to create obedient subjects and dominate the private sphere by domains of public interest. Technocracy has controlled the sovereign power that demands obedience, the disciplinary power that demands submission, and the regulative power that demands obedience and submission to the health of the class through an organized system of psychological intervention and legislative norms.

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Pandemija, ekonomija i poslovna etika

Author(s): Ivan Perkov / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/172/2023

Review of: Ivan Koprek (ur.) Pandemija, ekonomija i poslovna etika Fakultet filozofije i religijskih znanosti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb 2023.

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Revolucija volje za život u kapitalizmu

Author(s): Vesna R. Stanković Pejnović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 38/2022

The paper proves that Nietzsche's will to live as the will to power, Marx's free work as an expression of life, and Deleuze's concept of desire as the will to power is the basis for the revolution of the will to live in capitalism Nietzsche advocates an educational and cultural revolution as a way out of the alienated world in which people are used as objects. By revolution, Marx does not mean only a political or economic change, or even a worldview change, but primarily a "radical change in man and society" in terms of opinion. The revolution is aimed at the abolition of all exploitation, but also the full realization, the highest form, and essence of practice as a free creative activity. Marx stands for a permanent revolution of the whole as a circular process of the absolute idea, the process of self-production mediated through all the special ways of producing objects, and the world as a whole is realized. Deleuze, in collaboration with Guattari, combines the opinions of Nietzsche and Marx and strives to develop a policy appropriate to the complexity of life, pointing out that capitalism is repressive in its uncontrolled imposition and accumulation of desires with the danger of equating man and machine. They advocate experimentation-life, the creation of a "new country" as a project that cannot be reduced to a political solution as the production of the real, the creation of life, through active, positive lines of escape because they open up desire. Desire, which according to Nietzsche is the will to power, is in itself a revolutionary process. The process of desire is joy, and its process takes place through deterritorialization as a line of escape as action because there is nothing more active than escape as "the encounter between two realms."

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Metafora kao narativ? Poetika volje (cogito-a) i poetika priča (jezika)

Author(s): Nemanja Mićić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 38/2022

The first part of the paper examines the standpoint which claims that the metaphor is intrinsically a certain type of narrative, in the first place. This assumption is purported by the idea that each instance of any kind of linguistic event must be treated primarily as a narrative: no matter if the main focus is placed on metaphors or thought experiments that characterize philosophical line of reasoning. This means that each and every theory on metaphors requires narratives. At the same time, narratives (that is, stories) are being marked as constitutive for the notion of subjectivity, as well as concepts that make up and explicate the said notion of subjectivity. In regards to that, the thing that makes possible Ricœur’s poetics of the will in the first place is nothing but the poetics of the stories. Following that trail, this paper also analyzes and makes a comparison between the thinkers like Derrida, Ricœur, Nietzsche, and Schapp. The argument behind that analysis is that the metaphor is the question of narrative, and not the question of a word (following Derrida), nor is it the question of a sentence (Ricœur). The key thing to understand the scope of this argument is to realize that the narrative goes much farther than the usual inquiries that explicate the subject of the narrative. This also implies that we should make an additional emphasis on language, in order to grasp it in a more ubiquitous and authentic way. At the same time, that also shows the reasons why insisting on a starting position that involves the notion of conscious subjectivity is deeply problematic.

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Upotreba apofatičke metode u delima Žaka Deride

Author(s): Kristina Todorović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 39/2023

The negative discourse Jacques Derrida uses in the descriptions of his concepts is similar to the apophatic method of speaking about God. Therefore, in this paper, we will try to answer whether traces of this theological method can be found in Derrida's works. When he talks about negative theology, Derrida most often refers to the works of Dionysius the Areopagite, whose conceptions of apophatic theology we will consider in this research. Approaching from the perspective of Derrida's critique of metaphysics, we will try to present the context from which we believe that the need for elements of the apophatic method arose. Therefore, this research aims to demonstrate whether, and in what way, is it possible to talk about the similarities between Derrida's ideas and this theological method. Also, this paper represents the basis for some future, more detailed investigations of the relationship between apophatic and deconstruction.

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Vera i određenje čoveka u filozofiji egzistencije Karla Jaspersa

Author(s): Sanja Vlahović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 40/2023

The existentialist philosophical position of Karl Jaspers, according to which the essential determination of man is based on philosophical faith, which overcomes the subject-object correlation by identifying them, is elaborated in detail. The experience of comprehensiveness, which is achieved through the key epistemological concept of the subject-object split, which, according to Jaspers, is a passage to personal freedom and faith, is especially addressed. From this he derives a strictly existentialist position according to which being cannot be known and finally determined by pure thought, because it is conceptually elusive, that is, it can only be experienced. In particular, Jaspers' questions of what I know and what really is are exposed and analyzed, on which he points the way to true existence to students and followers through the practice of self-knowledge. Striving to cleanse his thought of sensory illusions by formulating his own philosophical method, which goes beyond Husserl's phenomenology, he introduces ontological characteristics: being is logos, which we experience through the constant and unpredictable change of reality. In order to bring it closer to us, Jaspers used dialectics in metaphysics: being is and is not, and becomes, and exists, and is cause and effect, and its attributes are actually endless. In this position is the essence and basic meaning of Jaspers' existentialist method, which should lead man as a soul-body structure to true existence and complete freedom.

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Somaesthetics and Embodied/ Enactive Philosophies of Mind

Author(s): Stefano Marino / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In this article I focus on Jerold J. Abrams’ recently edited volume on Richard Shusterman’s somaesthetics and I assume as a starting point the concept itself of soma, widely cited and examined in various contributions collected in Abrams’ book. Then, I speciﬁcally concentrate my attention on one of the essays, the one authored by Stefán Snævarr, which connects in an interesting, original and sometimes also challenging way Shusterman’s thinking to some questions that have characterized the current debates in the ﬁeld of the philosophy of mind. On this basis, in the ﬁnal part of my short essay I try to offer some provisional remarks on the potential and mutually enriching dialogue between Shusterman’s somaesthetics and embodied, extended and enactive approaches to perception and mind, such as those, for example, of contemporary theorists like Andy Clark, Shaun Gallagher and Alva Noë.

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Transﬁguration, Art, Pathicity. Somaesthetics Reconsidered

Author(s): Alessandro Nannini / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In this discussion piece, I will comment on the collective volume, edited by Jerold J. Abrams, Shusterman’s Somaesthetics. From Hip Hop Philosophy to Politics and Performance Art (2022). I will articulate my reﬂections around three main themes, which intersect the theme of several of the essays of the volume: I will ﬁrst of all consider the concept of transﬁguration, commenting upon the difference between Danto’s hermeneuticist perspective and Shusterman’s somaesthetic reinterpretation, with special regard to his performative experiment, the Man in Gold. Secondly, I will turn to a possible consequence entailed by this reinterpretation concerning the relation between aesthetics and art. Finally, I will turn to the controversy between somaesthetics and pathic aesthetics, and comment on a possible way to reconcile some elements of both, starting from the condition of the suffering body.

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Etinis liudijimas: Emmanuelio Levino filosofijos ir krikščioniškosios laikysenos koreliacijos

Author(s): Rolandas Bartkus / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 118/2024

The article discusses the concept of ethical testimony as presented in the works of Emmanuel Levinas, and the extent to which this view is consistent with a Christian approach. What does it mean to testify in word and deed? What are the conditions and limits of ethical testimony? What must I do in the face of another person? How does God enter into our relationship? Am I taking someone else's place when I am in this world? Does suicide come from loving a someone person and from living a truly human life? The consideration of these and similar questions in the light of the correlations between Levinas's philosophy and Christian doctrine makes it possible to rethink the categories of human responsibility, intimacy, justice, peace, conscience, guilt, holiness, martyrdom, suicide, and others.

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Small Mistakes in the Beginning: Stanley L. Jaki: Arch-Defender of Christian Civilization of Freedom, and Somewhat Unwitting Obstacle to It?: An American/Gilsonian Perspective

Author(s): Peter A. Redpath / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2023

The presented article concerns the topic of departing from philosophy understood in Gilson's sense as a disinterested learning about the truth about the world around us and the consequences resulting from this (also in relation to teaching philosophy). The article expresses the conviction that Gilson's concept of the unity of philosophical experience is justified, and that we should treat philosophy as a starting point and basis for all sciences. These views are expressed in the article in a polemic tone, because the article itself is a polemic with the views of the famous philosopher, mathematician and theologian, Stanley Jaki, who believes that contemporary physics is currently the only - in the strict sense - science. The author, discussing this position, draws attention primarily to the fact that all science should be wisdom-oriented (that is, it should ask about the first causes - principia) of all components of the perceived reality.

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Kierkegaard a Wittgenstein: harmonie víry s paradoxy současné epistemologie

Author(s): Jiří Kučera / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

The aim of the article is, with reference to the still current and discussed problem of the relationship between reason and religious faith, to point out the surprising harmony of the philosophical positions of Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein, emphasizing the a-rationality of belief in an infinite God and in his ‚absurd‘ incarnation into the ‚finite‘, with experimentally proven ‚irrational‘ conclusions of modern quantum philosophy, focusing on ironic ´irrationality´ of modern science. Kierkegaard‘s emphasis on the subjectivity of belief in the ‚absolute paradox‘ is in strong congruence with Wittgenstein‘s ‚necessary silence‘ before the the ´Ineffable´, mystical and transcendent ‚Point beyond the world‘, God, who reveals himself through the miraculously created universe. The common denominator of both philosophical positions is the mandatory prioritization of orthopraxis over orthodoxy in matters of subjective faith and over objective rational ‚proofs‘ of divine existence.

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LE DÉTOURNEMENT DE L’ART DANS LA PUBLICITÉ, ENJEUX SÉMIOTIQUES ET SPRITUELS

Author(s): Leila Haj Sadok / Language(s): French Issue: 13/2023

In this research, the problem proposed is how nowadays society aims to communicate an experience of art according to the cultural and commercial context. Some advertising posters made by artists raise questions that call me to dissect this phenomenon in the discourse of art. In recent decades, several artists have been seen creating advertisements for big brands that seem to favor the interests of both parties. All this ambiguity raises several questions as to their meaning and their conditions of reception. In order to shed light on this issue, I chose the American photographer David LaChapelle as a corpus. This director is recognized for his diversion of works of art in advertising posters while seeking a new receptive language. The artist criticizes the consumer society and their flamboyant style. Despite this ambivalence, he remains very popular with advertisers. By diverting the work "L’Ultima Cena" by Leonardo da Vinci, the artist seeks a new spiritual staging. With his work "Jesus is my Homeboy", the pop artist seeks to communicate an idea, a new semiotic language. Does the difference in context prevent the correct understanding of the artist's works? Does the reproduction divert the meaning of the image? My analysis aims to expose the communication and advertising issues related to this type of reproduction as well as their cultural, social and spiritual significance.

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Bergson’un Düşlediği Sinema: Blade Runner 2049’da Bellek ve Benlik

Author(s): Can Cengiz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 16/2023

Bergson, who was one of the first philosophers to put forward original thoughts about the rapidly developing imaging technologies and cinema at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, put forward a unique philosophy with his perspective on the quality of memory and “time”. Bergson tried to remove time from being a linear and measurable element. Conversely it is seen that Bergson, who produced his works in a period when cinema was just emerging, also influenced the philosophy of cinema. Bergson’s cinematography criticism has been accepted as the starting point of a new cinematic understanding by many thinkers or critics, especially Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995). The most important elements of the relevant ‘Bergsonian cinema’ approach are time, memory and self. In fere by discussions of artificial intelligence, one of the areas where the relationship between self and memory is frequently discussed is science fiction cinema. The movie Blade Runner 2049, which is a detective with dystopian content, has a suitable content to answer the question of whether a Bergsonian cinema is possible. Thus, Blade Runner 2049 deals with the question of whether the protagonist K is “human or copy” with a narrative that basically points to the meaninglessness of this question. Our study aims to analyze Blade Runner 2049 with Bergsonian themes of time, memory and self.

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Nihilism Beyond Margins: Towards A Reorganization of Forces

Author(s): Marinete Araujo da Silva Fobister / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Nietzsche diagnosed nihilism as a “European problem” that would unfold into different kinds, such as reactive, negative, and affirmative. In this paper, I intend to look at some current events of our time under the lens of the nihilism diagnosed by Nietzsche and discussed by Vattimo. My aim is to problematize some questions related to such events and sustain an argument that nihilism is no longer a European event but a global one. I intend to look at specifics of migration in our time in Europe that may reveal that the European nihilism alluded by Nietzsche has spread to other continents, particularly in countries that were previously European colonies. Such countries inherited European values that were imposed onto local cultures, causing the eradication of groups, ways of life, languages, and the disappearance of local epistemologies in which the world disclosed itself in certain ways. This caused a violent detachment of local individuals, cultures and values that previously sustained their ways of life. However, since the values that were imposed by Europeans during colonization have lost their meaning, what does the flux of nonEuropean migrants happening in Europe reveal in relation to the current unfolding of nihilism and what possibilities may it bring for the overcoming of these corrosive forces? Adding to this complex scenario, Europe (as well as the whole world) is experiencing significant changes in climate that affect directly our interaction with the immanent world. Europeans are already experiencing some of the climate changes that cause displacement in other areas of the world bringing vulnerabilities to areas that previously experienced more steady and controlled environments. The idea here is to analyse how the confusion that nihilism brings to our time, particularly on the issue of migration and also change in climate, exposes all beings to a kind of vulnerability and, at the same time, if we look carefully, it also could expose strengths of those who have been previous excluded. This, I argue, may lead to a reorganisation of forces.

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Donovan Miyasaki, Nietzsche’s Immoralism. Politics as First Philosophy. Donovan Miyasaki, Politics After Morality. Toward a Nietzschean Left.

Author(s): Michael Steinmann / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Review of: Donovan Miyasaki, Nietzsche’s Immoralism. Politics as First Philosophy. Palgrave McMillan, 2022, 298 pp.; Donovan Miyasaki, Politics After Morality. Toward a Nietzschean Left. Palgrave McMillan, 2022, 324 pp.

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Nietzschean Language Models and Philosophical Chatbots: Outline of a Critique of AI

Author(s): Anthony Kosar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Developers of the deep learning algorithms known as large language models (LLMs) sometimes give the impression that they are producing a likeness to the human brain: data-processing ‘neural networks’ are ‘taught’ to recognize patterns in language and then, based on this pattern recognition, create or generate new content in the form of natural, humanlike speech, writing, images, etc. The results have been unsettling to some; less appreciated are the metaphysical assumptions underlying the attribution of any meaningful agency whatsoever to an algorithm. In this essay, Nietzsche’s thoughts on the “seduction of grammar” form the basis of one possible critique of generative AI – a critique, moreover, which exposes our society’s current fixation with LLMs for what it is: a fetishization and humanization of new technologies

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The Jan Hus Analogy in Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil §24

Author(s): WILLIAM WOOD / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Beyond Good and Evil is often, although not universally, regarded as Nietzsche’s most important work of philosophy. The second part of this book, “The Free Spirit,” is often regarded as the most important part of this book. Yet the opening aphorism 24 of this part – arguably the most important part of arguably Nietzsche’s most important book – has not received the attention it deserves. This essay focuses on the analogy between the philosopher and the Czech free thinker Jan Hus which structures this part. It focuses on the use which Nietzsche makes of this analogy and its relationship to his views about free causality and natural determinism.

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DINCOLO DE IDENTITATE: DE LA REVELAREA FIINȚEI LA SINGULARITATEA PERSOANEI

Author(s): Marcel Hosu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The article compares two different critiques of the concept of identity: the Heideggerian phenomenological destruction of metaphysical and logical identity and the Lacanian critique of an identity based on particularity, as opposed to the non-identitarian singularity of a person. The first endeavor of the article will be to take the poem of Parmenides as a primary example, where tautological identity can be brought to its most radical conclusions and thus shattered within a linguistic framework that takes speech into account. This will be articulated in the Heideggerian logic of the disclosure of being. The second and parallel endeavor is to show the similarity between Heidegger’s position and Lacan’s analysis of another tautology: not that of being, but that of the naming of a person. This is done with reference to God’s refusal to pronounce his name in front of Moses in Exodus, saying only "I am what I am", ’ehye ’ăšer ’ehye, and through Lacan’s close reading of the tragedy of Antigone, where the naming of her brother brings us close to the same impossibilities that can be found in the naming of being.

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