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Взаимодействие на Българския зъболекарски съюз (БЗС) и Националната здравно-информационна сиситема (НЗИС)

Взаимодействие на Българския зъболекарски съюз (БЗС) и Националната здравно-информационна сиситема (НЗИС)

Author(s): Hari Hovagimyan / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The National Health Information System (NHIS) was created within the framework of Grant Agreement (GIF) No. BG05SFOP001-1.002-0007 of 21.03.2017, under the project “Completion of the National Health Information System (NHIS) - Stage 1 and stage 2” with the beneficiary being the Ministry of Health. Part of the goals of the NHIS are: improving the quality of medical care, improved diagnosis and treatment, reduction of medical errors; Provision of rational drug treatment; Facilitating communication between patients and healthcare professionals; Increased efficiency of the healthcare system; Quick access to the necessary data; Easy to read and complete medical documentation and much more. The integration of the centralized registers with the NHIS makes it possible to incrementally introduce multiple automated validations and controls at the various steps of the processes in the Healthcare sector. The Bulgarian Dental Union is one of the participants in the NZIS, and this currently creates various legal problems for the members of the class.

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Krytyczna analiza tezy o przydatności idei metafory konceptualnej w wykładni prawa

Author(s): Robert Piszko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

Od czasu, gdy G. Lakoff i M. Johnson opublikowali książkę pod tytułem Metafphors We Live By, dostrzeżono metafory i ich rolę w życiu codziennym. Metafora przestała być odtąd środkiem tylko wyobraźni poetyckiej i ozdobą retoryczną. Zaczęła być postrzegana także jako forma ludzkiego myślenia, narzędzie poznania. Metaforę zaczęto dostrzegać w takich dziedzinach życia, w których była dotychczas nieobecna. Do dziedzin tych zalicza się też prawo. Entuzjazm autorów dostrzegających w prawie wielką rolę obrazowania metaforycznego nie jest jednak uzasadniony. Analiza podawanych w opracowaniach naukowych przykładów metafor w tekstach aktów prawnych wskazuje na zbytnią dowolność kwalifikowania pewnych wyrażeń jako metafor i dostrzeganie ich roli lub przydatności tam, gdzie jej nie ma – czyli także w tekstach prawnych i w wykładni prawa. Metaforami nazywa się w nich związki frazeologiczne oraz wyrażenia wcześniej metaforyczne, które w wyniku konwencjonalizacji czy leksykalizacji trwale utraciły ten charakter. Potencjalny efekt przyjęcia kognitywistycznej pespektywy był już wcześniej inaczej osiągany w naukach prawnych na oczekiwanym poziomie. Rezultaty wskazywane jako możliwe do osiągnięcia przy użyciu narzędzi kognitywistki nie są niczym nowym, a możliwość ich osiągania jest dyskusyjna albo niemożliwa. Metafora konceptualna może natomiast pełnić ważną rolę, jeśli chodzi uzasadnienie decyzji sądowych lub administracyjnych, treść podręczników prawa, wypowiedzi przedstawicieli doktryny odniesieniu do prawa Posługując się językiem kognitywistki, można w bardziej obiecujący sposób uczynić przedmiotem badań struktury radialne pojęć prawnych i etycznych, co może umożliwić współistnienie ludzi i sztucznej inteligencji. Materiał badawczy zbadano głównie przy użyciu metody analizy lingwistycznej.

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Rekonstrukcja pojęcia prawniczego domniemania interpretacyjnego

Author(s): Kaja Ptak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

Domniemania prawnicze, w tym prawnicze domniemania interpretacyjne nie doczekały się szczegółowego opracowania teoretycznoprawnego, choć są narzędziem interpretacyjnym często przywoływanym w orzecznictwie oraz literaturze. W ostatnich latach odżyła dyskusja nad domniemaniem konstytucyjności (zgodności z konstytucją) ustaw. Innym przykładem prawniczego domniemania interpretacyjnego jest domniemanie racjonalności prawodawcy, oparte na założeniu racjonalności prawodawcy opracowanym w latach 70tych przez Leszka Nowaka i Jerzego Wróblewskiego. Analiza porównawcza prawniczych domniemań interpretacyjnych z instytucjami takimi jak domniemania prawne i fikcje prawne pozwala zrekonstruować najistotniejsze cechy tych pierwszych w zakresie ich budowy i funkcji, a to z kolei pozwala stwierdzić, że do prawniczych domniemań interpretacyjnych organy stosujące prawo odwołują się wprost przede wszystkim w przypadkach trudnych, w których nie da się zakończyć procesu interpretacji bez uwzględnienia podstawowych wartości systemu prawnego, niewyrażonych wprost w tym systemie lub jedynie naszkicowanych na poziomie norm rangi konstytucyjnej. Z uwagi na szczególną rolę, jaką prawnicze domniemania interpretacyjne odgrywają w procesie wykładni, można również mówić o ich prawotwórczej funkcji.

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Metafizyczna niejasność, tożsamość przypadków prawnych i rządy prawa

Author(s): Zdeněk TRÁVNÍČEK / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

W artykule zajmuję się mało rzadko omawianym tematem: wpływem niejasności metafizycznej na prawo. Celem tego artykułu jest przynajmniej częściowe zbadanie tożsamości przypadków prawnych w kontekście niejasności metafizycznej. Czynię to w szczególności poprzez analizę wyzwania, jakie – jak argumentuje Diana Raffman – metafizyczna niejasność stanowi dla zasady rządów prawa. Przeciwstawiam się konstrukcji metaphysical soritical series leżącego u podstaw tego wyzwania, posługując się argumentem Evansa, który przy standardowej interpretacji przynajmniej teoretycznie zawsze dopuszcza rozróżnienie między przypadkami prawnymi, blokując tym samym możliwość skonstruowania metaphysical soritical series, a tym samym samego wyzwania. Następnie staram się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy Raffman może uniknąć konkluzji argumentu Evansa, która jest dla niej problematyczna w kontekście prawa. Znane rozwiązanie Parsonsa okazuje się jednak niemożliwe do zastosowania, ponieważ prowadziłoby do radykalnej i być może niepożądanej rewizji teorii przypadków prawnych, której zresztą Raffman nie przeprowadza. Wkład tego artykułu polega na otwarciu debaty na temat wpływu niejasności metafizycznej na teorię przypadków prawnych i na argumentowaniu za raczej sceptycznym stanowiskiem w odniesieniu do implikacji niejasności metafizycznej, a także na wspieraniu metateoretycznego stanowiska tych autorów, którzy uważają, że teorie filozoficzne mogą mieć istotne implikacje dla argumentów w teorii prawa, w tym konkretnie w teorii przypadków prawnych

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Skala i różnorodność odniesień do emocji w polskim orzecznictwie dotyczącym szkód niemajątkowych

Author(s): Julia Wesołowska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Opracowanie bada sposoby, w jakie prawo może chronić lub kompensować emocje. Skupia się na przypadkach, w których stany afektywne stają się materialnym przedmiotem zainteresowania prawa i zostają włączone do rozumowania prawniczego. W przypadku szkody niemajątkowej (krzywdy) w polskim prawie cywilnym lakoniczne sformułowanie ustawowe pozostawia zdefiniowanie tej instytucji sądom, które mają tendencję do określania jej w kategoriach emocjonalnych. Artykuł bada skalę tego zjawiska i wyznacza jego cechy poprzez analizę orzecznictwa pod kątem roli, częstotliwości i różnorodności emocji pojawiających się w opiniach sądowych. W tym celu przeprowadzono zarówno ilościowe badanie występowania terminów związanych z emocjami w orzecznictwie, jak i jakościowe badanie rodzajów emocji, które stają się prawnie istotne według polskich sądów. Badanie to pozwala na zbudowanie wstępnego “topograficznego” modelu roli emocji w tej części polskiego prawa cywilnego oraz zaproponowanie wstępnego wyjaśnienia, w jaki sposób emocje “wpisują się” w logikę interesów i odszkodowań prawa deliktowego. Wyniki badania pokazują, że różne emocje pozytywne są pośrednim obiektem ochrony prawa, a ich naruszenie jest uważane za miarę szkody niemajątkowej; z drugiej strony, niektóre negatywne emocje stanowią szkodę samą w sobie. Charakter przeżyć emocjonalnych, ich nasilenie i specyfika są badane i oceniane w celu określenia rozmiaru krzywdy. Emocje są postrzegane przez polskie sądy jako złożone, intencjonalne stany umysłu związane z ważnymi interesami. Opracowanie stanowi jedno z pierwszych w polskiej nauce prawa i być może pierwsze empiryczne spojrzenie na związek prawa i emocji. Jako takie, dostarcza ono wglądu w to, jak stany afektywne mogą stać się częścią dyskursu prawnego i wpływać na rozumowanie sądowe, co ma implikacje zarówno dla filozofii prawa, jak i nauki prawa cywilnego.

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Hard to explain? – rozumowania abdukcyjne w prawniczych wnioskowaniach o faktach

Author(s): Bartosz Wielechowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

Celem niniejszego tekstu jest zastosowanie koncepcji rozumowań abdukcyjnych do opisu oraz oceny prawniczych wnioskowań o faktach. Refleksja prowadzona jest na gruncie filozofii prawa oraz ogólnej metodologii nauk. W oparciu o krytyczną analizę literatury przedstawiam inferencyjną teorię abdukcji Charlesa Sandersa Peirce’a oraz tzw. zasadę „wnioskowania do najlepszego wyjaśnienia” (IBE) w jej współczesnym ujęciu, bazującym na pracy Petera Liptona, która niekiedy w potocznym dyskursie filozoficznym utożsamiana jest z abdukcją. Argumentuję, że choć używanie obu pojęć zamiennie jest istotnym uproszczeniem, IBE zasadniczo daje się wpisać w szerokie rozumienie abdukcji, które przyjmuję w niniejszym tekście. Korzystając z pracy Mariusza Urbańskiego i Atochy Alisedy charakteryzuję IBE w ramach eksplanacyjno-dedukcyjnego modelu abdukcji. Tak rozumianą abdukcję postuluję wykorzystać na gruncie prawniczym. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury filozoficznej, prawniczej, oraz wyników uzyskanych z bazy LEX – wykazuję, że koncepcja abdukcji jest w doktrynie prawniczej niepopularna. Rozumowania tego rodzaju opisywane są zwykle jako „redukcja”, „indukcja” bądź „wyjaśnianie” (koncepcje te określam „koncepcjami zastanymi”). Zasadnicza teza artykułu jest następująca: szeroko rozumiana abdukcja oferuje istotną wartość dodaną w zakresie opisu i oceny wnioskowań zawodnych w stosunku do koncepcji zastanych, jednocześnie zawierając ich kluczowe elementy. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala zbadać i określić relacje między funkcjonującymi w literaturze światowej teoriami abdukcji oraz IBE a koncepcjami przyjmowanymi w polskiej literaturze filozoficznej i – czerpiącej z niej – doktrynie prawniczej. Wprowadza ona nowe koncepcje – abdukcję i IBE („abdukcję w szerokim rozumieniu”) na grunt debaty filozoficzno-prawnej, umożliwiając opis i ocenę jakości prawniczych wnioskowań zawodnych z użyciem nowych narzędzi teoretycznych. Rezultat tej aplikacji daje nadzieję na metodologiczne wzmocnienie zarówno procesu dokonywania ustaleń faktycznych, jak i oceny dowodów zgodnie z art. 7 k.p.k.; art. 233 k.p.c. i art. 80 k.p.a.

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Emmanuel Jeuland, Theories of Legal Relations, Cheltenham, Northampton 2023. Recenzja

Author(s): Marzena Kordela / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

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Vertical and Horizontal Cooperation of Local Public Authorities in the Process of Territorial Governance

Author(s): Dana Alexandru / Language(s): English Issue: 10-10.2/2022

This paper is intended to identify and assess with a critical eye some of the challenges that lie to vertical and horizontal cooperation of local public authorities in the process of territorial governance. Despite complicated relations in a multi-level governance setting, cities are an integral part of the regulation for spatial planning. The paper argues that beyond the decision-making core, strategic planning seeks to coordinate the policies of a large and complex group of actors: public authorities at different levels, from national level to the municipality, private partners, representatives of civil society. The development of cooperation procedures, which is not specific to urban planning and development, runs through all public action. In the Romanian system, spatial planning documents are part of a unidirectional hierarchy of rules: planning documents at the lower level must be compatible with those at the higher level. The paper analyses the way this cooperation goes between the authorities and conclude that expectations for improved governance sometimes have conflicting objectives.

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The Impact of Government Ordinance no. 15/2021 on the Modification of Public Procurement Contracts and Sector Contracts

Author(s): Irina Moroianu Zlătescu,Claudia Elena Marinică / Language(s): English Issue: 10-10.2/2022

Creating and ensuring the existence of a digital society represents for the European Union and for the member states a priority and an objective to be achieved, and for this purpose concrete and rapid measures are being taken, the digital transition being the one that during the pandemic generated by the SARS-COV-2 virus constituted a bridge link between citizens and public authorities. Since the digital transition must be durable and sustainable, the reassessment of citizens' rights, the development of their digital rights to ensure access to public administration services are aspects that we focused on in this article, as it was found that all of these require increased efforts to reduce existing gaps and to facilitate access to digital services for all. We started from theoretical aspects related to the achievement of the digital decade by the European Union, by moving from digitization to digital transformation, analyzing the current state of Romania and Romanian public administration services, continuing with the digital rights of citizens - human rights in the digital environment, but also the responsibilities related to them, including what possible improvements can be done and how to implement them. In order to achieve our proposed objective, specialized literature, legislation and statistical data provided by the European Union were subjected to analysis in order to highlight a more current picture of digital rights and responsibilities and the outline of a digital citizenship, which undoubtedly determines important effects on quality and simplifying access to public administration services, as much as possible in the current XXI century. The whole approach encourages being aware of the effects of digital transformation and digital education in order to keep up with the evolution of society, (the lawmakers) permanently guaranteeing human rights and freedoms.

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National Minorities in Moldova: Institutional Arrangements, Rights and Policies

Author(s): Natalia Putină / Language(s): English Issue: 10-10.2/2022

Moldova's ethnic composition has become what it is today following a series of key historical events. At the moment, according to the 2014 general census, the population of the Republic of Moldova is about 2.9 million. Moldovans represent 75.1% of the total population; 7.0% self-identified as Romanians; Ukrainians represent 6.6%, Gagauz - 4.6%, Russians - 4.1%, Bulgarians - 1.9%, Jews - 0.11%, Roma - 0.3% and other nationalities - 0.5%, including Belarusians, Poles, Armenians, Germans, Tartars.The Republic of Moldova remains a multi-ethnic state, which since independence has faced gaps in the management of this diversity. Despite the existence of a legal mechanism and institutional arrangements in the field of ethnic policy, the real concerns regarding the integration policies of persons belonging to the minorities started very late.The article will analyse the evolution of policies in the field of harmonization of ethnic relations, focusing in particular on the evaluation of the implementation of governmental political principles in the field of integration of minorities, as the “Strategy for the integration of national minorities of the Republic of Moldova 2015-2020” and “Strategy for consolidating interethnic relations in the Republic of Moldova for the years 2017-2027”.

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Critical Analysis of Article 20 of Law no. 554/2004 on Administrative Litigation as Seen Through the Lens of Case Law and Draft Bill no. 2/2022

Author(s): Anca-Jeanina Niță / Language(s): English Issue: 10-10.2/2022

The present study is motivated by the recent legislative proposal (Pl-x no. 2/2022) to amend Administrative Litigation Law no. 554/2004, set with “the general aim of replacing recourse with appeal”. One offers a brief account of the appellate procedures regulated in Administrative Litigation Law no. 554/2004. In examining the statement of reasons and the draft form of the bill submitted by the initiators, one reminds that the double degree of jurisdiction principle is not constitutionally enshrined. From the standpoint of the negative opinion (no. 169) issued by the Legislative Council on 22 February 2022, one analyses the case law of the Constitutional Court of Romania in the matter of administrative litigation recourse, as well as the High Court of Cassation and Justice, specifically Decision no. 17/2017, ruled in a recourse in the interest of the law. One acquiesces in the opinion expressed by Prof. Ioan Leș, who rightfully cautioned that trials conducted in three or more degrees of jurisdiction cannot represent an absolute guarantee of a good trial, but a cause that certainly induces a serious delay of judgements. One concludes that repeated amendments of positive law lacking a systemic approach cannot generate legislative consistency and is not capable of conducing to an actual removal of practical difficulties. And one urges the legislative body to carefully reflect on this matter.

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Installation of Constructions without a Building Permit for which the Limitation of Liability Regarding Illegal Execution of Construction Works has Expired, Act of Celemination by the Authorities

Author(s): Gabriela Manea / Language(s): English Issue: 10-10.2/2022

In this article, I wanted to highlight the problem of buildings that were built on the basis of the building permit, but were not completed and for which, according to the latest legislative changes, the property right can be tabulated, but not noted or at most registered provisionally, without holding the acceptance report upon completion of construction works, as well as constructions built without a building permit or in violation of its provisions and for which the three-year statute of limitations, provided for by Article 31 of Law no. 50/1991, no longer allows the application of the contravention sanction according to the provisions of art. 26 of the same law. By reviewing some opinions from the specialized literature regarding the legal texts, on the interpretation of the provisions of art. 37, para. (6) of Law no. 50/1991 regarding the authorization of the execution of construction works, but also the problems that local public authorities encounter, in applying the provisions of the law, I proposed to argue the reasons why these provisions are lacunae and cannot be applied unitarily, becoming a issue of national interest, and due to the fact that it is not monitored and treated with due attention, it produces unwanted legal effects in the long term, thus introducing into the library of jurisprudence cases that bear the imprint of illegality and that have a negative impact on the development of society in general.

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Balancing the Legal Circuit Through the Intervention of Courts on Administrative Decisions. Case study

Author(s): Alina-Raluca Cucu / Language(s): English Issue: 10-10.2/2022

The question of ownership and expropriation has been and continues to be a hot topic of debate, both in academia and in legal practice. The multitude of opinions and interpretations given in specialized literature, but also in judicial practice regarding the property issue, makes approaching the study topic a real challenge. The concern for this subject derives from the topicality of the topic, the issue of expropriation for reasons of public utility representing an encroachment on the right of private property by the state, with real and current practical values, property being the basis of most ideological and judicial conflicts in the contemporary world. From the variety of problems that circumscribe the field of expropriation, we consider it relevant, from a practical and current point of view, to highlight the way in which the courts intervene in balancing the legal circuit in some administrative decisions regarding expropriation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the way in which the state, through the courts, exercises its right to balance the legal circuit in the contemporary legal reality in Romania. In order to fulfill the objective of the proposed research, we started by analyzing the notion of expropriation, applying the logical-interpretive method, on the texts of primary legislation regarding expropriation, in order to extract the spirit of the legal provision, so that, then, through two case studies, we highlight, concretely how the intervention of the courts restored the balance of the legal circuit affected by wrong administrative decisions. The study of these two cases focuses on how several public entities understand how to apply the legal provisions incorrectly and even abusively, the consequence being the violation of the rights of owners, while also focusing on how the courts ruled in each case in part. At the end of this study, the conclusions drawn from the research can be found, followed by some lege ferenda proposals or directions of action, aimed at harmonizing the social and legal relations that are the subject of the research undertaken.

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Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of Data Subjects between Balance, Proportionality and Evolution during the Pandemic COVID – 19

Author(s): Victoria–Delia Bunceanu / Language(s): English Issue: 10-10.2/2022

With the COVID-19 pandemic, Romania, like other EU Member States, had to take a number of measures to assure the distance between the human subjects. It was intended to prioritize work and life in virtual reality, the use of new technologies for learning or for performing work tasks. Electronic communication between employee – employer – citizens was encouraged. Thus education, health, and commercial activities all moved online for long periods of time. The respect for the fundamental right to life and the right to privacy in this context has been a cause of “contesting Europe on the periphery” during the pandemic period and that because any action on the internet leaves digital traces and sometimes because of the improper digital infrastructure. The data subjects, as defined in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), real or false personalities, in the online environment, do not have control over the fact that, through simple activity on the internet, they become the subject of profiling but also of possible cyberattacks. The European Commission notes the increased frequency of large-scale attacks against information systems and the trend toward the use of information and communication technologies for political, economic and military supremacy. Cyberattacks are without borders. Human rights should remain without borders. Regarding the respect for the fundamental human rights and freedoms during the COVID – 19 pandemic in Romania and at Union level, history is still being written. Borders? Proportionality? Evolution? Balance? The future is under construction.

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КОМПЕТЕНТНИЯТ СЪД И ОТВЕТНИКЪТ ПО ИСКА ЗА ОБЕЗЩЕТЯВАНЕ НА ВРЕДИ, ПРИЧИНЕНИ ОТ СЪД ОТ ПОСЛЕДНА ИНСТАНЦИЯ В НАРУШЕНИЕ НА ПРАВОТО НА ЕС

КОМПЕТЕНТНИЯТ СЪД И ОТВЕТНИКЪТ ПО ИСКА ЗА ОБЕЗЩЕТЯВАНЕ НА ВРЕДИ, ПРИЧИНЕНИ ОТ СЪД ОТ ПОСЛЕДНА ИНСТАНЦИЯ В НАРУШЕНИЕ НА ПРАВОТО НА ЕС

Author(s): Stanislav Kostov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article deals with the application of Article 2ter of Bulgarian State Liability Act related to the competent court and the defendant in cases for compensation of damages caused by a court adjudicating at last instance as a result of a breach of European Union law. The legislator’s choice to admit that a court should be a judge in its own cause has been analyzed in the light of the principles of equivalence and effective judicial protection by an independent court. The conclusion that this legislative decision does not correspond to these principles is supported, as it does not provide guarantees for the objective impartiality of the court competent to rule on the action for damages. A proposal de lege ferenda has been made to enable cross-jurisdiction in these cases: for the administrative courts to hear actions for damages caused by the Supreme Court of Cassation, and for the civil courts to hear actions for damages caused by the Supreme Administrative Court.

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ПРИЕМАНЕТО НА МЕХАНИЗЪМ ЗА ОБЩ РЕЖИМ НА ОБВЪРЗАНОСТ С УСЛОВИЯ ЗА ЗАЩИТА НА БЮДЖЕТА НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ СЪЮЗ КАТО СРЕДСТВО ЗА ЗАЩИТА НА ПРАВОВАТА ДЪРЖАВА

ПРИЕМАНЕТО НА МЕХАНИЗЪМ ЗА ОБЩ РЕЖИМ НА ОБВЪРЗАНОСТ С УСЛОВИЯ ЗА ЗАЩИТА НА БЮДЖЕТА НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ СЪЮЗ КАТО СРЕДСТВО ЗА ЗАЩИТА НА ПРАВОВАТА ДЪРЖАВА

Author(s): Martin Babarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This paper delves into the critical issues surrounding the rule of law crisis within the European Union, exploring the mechanisms implemented to counteract rule of law backsliding in Member States. It focuses on the adoption and application of Regulation 2020/2092, which establishes a general regime of conditionality aimed at safeguarding the European Union budget.

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Договорни партньори в нционалните рамкови договори – същност и специфики

Договорни партньори в нционалните рамкови договори – същност и специфики

Author(s): Hari Hovagimyan / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The contractual partners in the National Framework Agreements (NFAs) are essential for the preparation, adoption and implementation of public needs in the health sector. Access to public financing of medical institutions, in particular for each patient, is an essential topic and the essence and specifics need to be clarified.

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Европейската стандартизация за Кибер сигурността и отражението и в Българското законодателство

Европейската стандартизация за Кибер сигурността и отражението и в Българското законодателство

Author(s): Hristo Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

Standardization is the activity of determining prescriptions for common and repeated application aimed at achieving optimal order in a given set of circumstances. It is an essential part of the economy, both on a global and European, as well as on a national scale. Network and communication security is one of the three foundational pillars of cyber security. This is based on the harmonization of the European cyber security strategy with the Bulgarian legislation. The other two pillars are law enforcement and cyber defense of our country. This alignment in the legal system leads to differences in the regulatory framework itself. In the design and implementation of networks, communication systems and the Internet, relevant unified technical standards for security and interconnection should be observed, as cyber resilience cannot be partial, it must be full and comprehensive.

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ADMINISTRATION AND SOCIAL JUSTICE – EQUITY, INCLUSION, LEGALITY

Author(s): Dragos TROANTA / Language(s): English Issue: 11-11.2/2023

Public administration today faces a multitude of challenges driven by the dynamic and complex realities of the modern world. These challenges are significantly influenced by democratic developments that demand the adaptation of administrative practices to new standards and requirements, alongside the considerable advancements in research on administrative phenomena. Despite the progress achieved, contemporary society does not fully guarantee equity and social justice. Disparities in access to resources and opportunities persist among different social groups, contravening the ideal of an inclusive society where every individual can realize their maximum potential, regardless of their background or life circumstances. In this context, public administration emerges as a domain where inequities and social exclusion are prominently observed and can be effectively addressed. Transparent and participatory exercise of public authority holds the potential to rectify deviations from social justice standards, with education forming the bedrock of this transformative process.

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Implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation in Romania: problems, perspectives, solutions

Author(s): Victoria–Delia Bunceanu / Language(s): English Issue: 11-11.2/2023

In the context of the accelerated development of new technologies and the evolution of artificial intelligence programs, in the context of more and more discussions related to the digitization of public services, interoperability, cross-border data transfer, Big Data, fake news, deep fake, hybrid warfare and cyberattacks we must admit that it is necessary to find quickly solutions to give to all data subjects the right to have control over their personal data. Legislative solutions are not enough. Can a state, through a correct, coherent, constant information of citizens and their institutionalized training in the field of privacy protection to reach through prevention, to ensure effective protection of personal data? Using comparative analysis as a research method, we have identified good practices of implementing GDPR in several European countries. The results obtained through the analysis of the data collected by the open-ended questionnaire and the interview research methods revealed to us the real needs of the Romanian citizens. Having good practices models for implementing GDPR in several European countries and the real needs of the population regarding the data protection field, we aim to provide solutions to improve the implementation of the GDPR in Romania.

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