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On 20. 12. 2000 a group of 83 members of Parliament introduced in the Parliament a bill for amendment of the Constitution of Republic of Bulgaria. In the article the author considers the question whether this bill is within the competence of the Parliament. Then he analyses in detail the proposals for a revision of the Constitution, as well as the reasons of the commissions who dealt with them.
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The article is devoted to issues connected with the efficiency of the legal regulation of the public administration and the civil servants in Public Administration Act and Civil Servant Act. On the basis of an analysis of the regulations in both Acts the more important problems are highlighted - unclear concepts, the different philosophy of both Acts related to the persons who are civil servants and respectively the absence of logical link and continuity in legal resolutions. On the grounds of the analysis of the legal regulation suggestions de lege ferenda are made in order to improve the legal regulation of the public administration and the civil servants
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The article aims to present the basic legislative requirements for the advertisements delivered on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria in comparison with the achievements of the EU law. The article deals with the ban on fraudulent advertisements, comparative advertisements, on advertising of different goods and services as well as with the encouragement of certain advertisements.
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The article covers some theoretical and practical issues concerning the form and variety of the common terms and conditions in contracts according to Obligations and Contracts Act and Labour Act. On one hand, these two acts do not establish a form necessary to validate the common terms and conditions but on the other hand, require their initial formulation. Whether the form has to be oral, written or fixed in other material form is covered at length in the article and it is based on interpreting the law
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In the course of the inquiry and consideration of a case under article 227b of the Penal Code some procedural problems arise concerning the process of prove, the bringing of a civil suit and the re-opening of the criminal proceedings due to newly discovered circumstances. The body of the inquiry and the prosecutor establish only the suspension of payments on behalf of the debtor and the non-feasance of this fact to the court. They act in accordance with the presumption of article 608, paragraph 2 of the Commercial law, without examining nether the stay is of a temporary nature and whether the estate of the defendant was enough to cover his obligations. The creditor, who has notified the prosecutor, lodges a civil claim in the criminal proceedings. Thus the rights the of other creditors and of the debtor himself are in- fringed. This dual regulation both in the Commercial law and in the Penal Code often leads in practice to discrepant decisions of the civil and criminal courts concerning the state of insolvency and the initial date of the suspension of payments
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The possibility for indemnity by the LCNREO exists only if the ex-owners or their heirs could not restore their nationalized real estate property for different reasons. The indemnity by the LCNREO is a derivative way of compensation and it will be followed when the following elements are at hand:1. Impossibility for restoring the real estate property further to Restoration of Na- tionalized Real Estate Property Act. The reasons for this can be different: because the nationalized real estate is not existing in the dimensions when expropriated, or because the nationalized real estate is not state property (or it is public state property), or be- cause the nationalized real estate is not municipal property (or it is public municipal property), or because the nationalized real estate is not a social organization property or it does not belong to their companies or to sole owned companies under the 61st Article from the Commercial Code;2. Application for indemnity shall be deposited, including the desired form of the indemnity which can be: co-ownership, stocks, shares or compensation bonds; 3. A valid individual administrative act which has come into force; 4. The fourth element of the real estate acquiring ground depends on the specified in the application desired form of the indemnity. It can be: 5. If the form of indemnity is indemnity with co-ownership - the buildings should be build on the nationalized land or on that land, to which the nationalized land is added to;
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The Romanian Civil Code attenuates the principle of binding force of conventions, by regulating contingency, a source of economic imbalance between the services of the parties, which occurs during their execution. The exceptional situation in which the debtor finds himself influences the contractual ensemble, the parties being obliged to renegotiate, in order to adapt the legal relationship to the new circumstances. In the absence of a result, everything will depend on the judge, whose task is is to impose the contractual justice by rightfully dispensing the results of the new factual situation in which the parties find themselves.
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The aim of the stock management is that of making available the assets that are necessary for an efficient development of the activities with minimum costs. A special role devolves on accountancy, by recording, analyzing and checking the in-out fluxes of the stocks. Their administration comes both to financial accountancy and to the administrative one. But the stock management will acquire a special constancy if the permanent inventory of the stocks is transferred to the administrative accountancy, following that in the financial accountancy to be carried out only the intermittent inventory.
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This paper explores the effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade flows of European Union Member States by applying a model of a monthly balance panel between 2002 and 2017.Starting from a general modified weighted model, we added some control variable to measure the good governance.After a general analysis of all the European Union countries, we focus on the response of the trade on different partner regions, or various trade goods. By using country fixed effect model, we find that there is an adverse effect of the exchange rate volatility on trade flows for the European Union countries with small differences depending on partner region or the type of the goods trade. Regarding the Governance Indicators we obtain different results, most of them having negative effect but with different statistically significance.
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Research and innovation aim to increase the production of crops and animals, increase resistance and adaptation to unsuitable climatic and soil conditions, increase the quality of the resulting products, etc. (biotechnology), integration of socio-economic and cost-benefit analyzes and support of agro-meteorological models.The bioeconomy aims to improve and increase the sustainable use of renewable resources to align with global and local challenges, such as climate change and sustainable development.Even if Romania does not have an implemented strategy based on the bioeconomy, however, it is one of the EU member states with an important role in its development, due to the fact that it develops an important potential in agriculture, forestry, fisheries. Romania must insert the existing value cycles, but also to create new ones that will lead to the realization of high quality products, to the creation of new jobs, higher incomes and, implicitly, to economic growth.
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Vietnam has embarked on the open market economy under socialist orientation since the amendment of the 1980 Constitution in 1992 due to the collapse of the former Soviet Union. The introduction of Doimoi (renovation) in 1986 is considered as a turning point of Vietnam. Doimoi required government to change its role in order to meet the growing demands. It is the same as the case of China, ‘the transitional to market economy required a new form of government and style of regulation. Vietnamese Government could not carry out both economic and public administrative functions as used to be in the period of centrally planned economy. It other words, the role of government in transition has changed from government-controlled to government-steered in the market-based system. As the centrally planned economy created the ‘applicationapproval’ administrative system, therefore, it was essential to reform administrative system in order to respond to the changes of economic regime. In addition, global integration also requires Vietnam to reform public sector to achieve development targets. ‘Institutional reform, human resources development, recourse mobilization and financial management, and innovation and information technology capacity building’ are essential reforms to integrate into the global economy and achieve the MDGs.
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Book-Review: Łukasz Grzejdziak, RPM in European and American Law, A Comparative Legal Study. (Ustalenie cen odsprzedaży towarów w prawie europejskim i amerykańskim. Studium prawnoporównawcze), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź, 2020 (Agata Jurkowska-Gomułka)
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