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„Ewiges Ballet“ in Platons Höhle

Author(s): Drago Perovic / Language(s): German / Issue: 3/2018

Die Präsentation versucht, die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Denken und Realität im gegenwärtigen technisch-technologischen entstehenden Vergehen. Verborgen damit sind alle grundlegenden philosophischen Fragen verbunden, und vor allem die Frage nach der Möglichkeit, „von“ oder „jenseits“ der entstehenden-vergehenden Realität zu denken. Die zeitgenössische Debatte kehrt damit zum transzendental-immanenten Charakter der Meinung zurück, die trotz der neu entstandenen/vergangenen Situation, als Frage möglicher Begründung des philosophischen Wissens man mit seinen traditionellen Formen und Leistungsweisen vergleichen kann. Das Feld dieses Tanzes ist eine neue „Höhlenwand“, die in ihrer kraftvollen Darbietung die Technik und die Technologie inszenieren.

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„Generička“ i „partikularna“ Δικαιοσύνη

Author(s): Željko Kaluderovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 29/2018

The author in this paper analyses the delicate discussion on justice that Aristotle undertook in the E book of Nicomachean Ethics. The Stagirite retains that δικαιοσύνη is a multiple meaning word and understands it as a double meaning word, at least. The justice is, first of all, equalized with the obeyance of the law and to a certain extent it is equalized with virtue. This type of justice is called "universal" justice. The second is so called "particular" justice, which is manifested in the observance of the rules of equality and is being considered as a part of virtue. The latter, more specific notion of justice, which is additionally divided into distributive and commutative justice, is also interesting because it presents the Stagirites as a thinker who was first to systematically and philosophically formulates, in mythological consciousness already established relation between the ideas of justice and equivalence. Aristotle, the author concludes, at the end of the classical era, tried to embrace the internal differentiation and different strata of Hellenic polis by segmented and speculative investigation of virtues, particularly justice, in order to find the cohesive factor of particular, specific and general interests and compatibility of all elements of "ethical", "economic" and "political" spheres of living.

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„Ikisokratikai“ XXI amžiaus skaitytojui

Author(s): Mantas Adomenas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 3/2018

The review of: Laks A., Most G. W. (eds. & trans.). Early Greek Philosophy. Vol. 1–9 (Loeb Classical Library 524–532) (Cambridge (Mass.)-London: Harvard University Press, 2016).

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„RĂUL” ÎN OPERA LUI PROCLUS, DE MALORUM SUBSISTENTIA, ŞI ÎN CORPUSUL AREOPAGITIC. DEPENDENŢA DISCUŢIEI DESPRE RĂU ÎN NUMELE DIVINE DE LUCRAREA LUI PROCLUS: O REEVALUARE A PROBLEMEI

Author(s): Petru Molode?-Jitea / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian / Issue: 1/2017

The paper restates the problem ofPseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite’s dependency regarding the treatment of evil inThe Divine Names on Proclus’s De malorum subsistentia. While acknowledging thewell documented influence received by the author of the Corpus Areopagiticum fromProclus Diadochus, the paper endeavors to highlight the fundamental differencesbetween the two. Furthermore, the case of Dionysius’ plagiarism will be treated as onlyone – although significant – case of accommodation of the Platonic and Neo-platonicphilosophy to the Christian doctrine. Thus, we will try to show that in this, as in othercases, the strategy of Pseudo-Dionysius is to alter significantly, but tacitly, the philosophicalelements that he evidently borrows from Proclus’ De malorum subsistentia.

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ФЕНОМЕН АНТИЧНОЇ ФІЛОСОФІЇ У ТЕОРІЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ІНТЕГРАЛЬНОГО ТРАДИЦІОНАЛІЗМУ

Author(s): Vladislav Yeremin / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 4/2017

Purpose of the article is to consider the genesis and the logic of development of antique philosophy in accordance with conception of integral traditionalism. The methodology of the research is the combination of comparative, logical and historical methods. Scientific novelty. Integral traditionalism as a subject is poorly researched in Ukrainian cultural studies and philosophy. In domestic science A. Shchedrin, S. Vyshynskyi and O. Gutsulyak are involved in this topic, but the issue of the origins and fate of antique philosophy from the position of traditionalism is investigated for the first time. Conclusions. Understanding of antique philosophy by traditionalists is substantially different from its image in the secular culture of Modernity. Traditionalists perceive the main source of early Greek philosophy in the phenomenon of mysteries, not in the pursuit of rational thought to the liberation of the myth, which on their part receives a negative evaluation. Pythagorean doctrine as a rational (not imaginative) statement of the mystical experience, according to traditionalists, advocates the most accurate example of what was originally the antique philosophy.

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Филозофија и софистички дух времена

Author(s): Zoran Arsovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2012

The paper deals with the philosophical analysis of the spirit of the time and the thematization of the so-called crisis of the polis. The main intention is to show its importance not only for the purpose of finding out about the fifth century, but for the purpose of understanding our own time as well.

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Философ-революционер: мотив освобождения в платоновском мифе о пещере

Author(s): K. V. Kondratiev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2018

In this paper, we consider the “Allegory of the Cave” – a well-known part of the “Republic” by Plato. However, the conventional interpretation of this fragment – the image of Plato’s form theory – does not regard themes, which Plato clearly remarks as principal. The paper discusses the image of “liberation” in its relation to the image of “education”. The aim of the study is to determine the relations between the stages of education and the conversion of knowledge condition. The main method of the study is hermeneutic analysis of the original text and modification of the interpretative context. In the course of study, we have identified the following stages of education: 1) chained prisoners; 2) people, who take utensils and images at the upper road; 3) liberated prisoners; 4) a person, who liberates the prisoner; 5) the prisoner, who gets out from the cave. All of these stages of education are related to the stages of knowledge, but we should not consider its conversion in the sense of gradual increase: in fact, during these changes not only knowledge can be declined, but also the transit from the first false reality image to another one is possible. It has been suggested that the prisoner does not gain true liberation outside the cave, but rather falls to another phantom reality, larger than the previous one. It has been concluded that the only possibility of education growth and conversion of the knowledge stage is the moment of transit from one cave to another one.

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Філострат і Каллістрат як засновники жанру екскурсійної лекції в елліністичному красномовстві

Author(s): Olena Goncharova / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2011

This article analyzes the genre of the excursion lectures in Hellenistic rhetoric.

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Формальная структура трактата Горгия «О не-сущем» по изложению Секста Эмпирика (Adv. Math VII. 66–87)

Author(s): Marina Volf / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

The well-known evidence of Sextus Empiricus in Adv. Math. 7.65–87 is one of the two major evidences about Gorgias's treatise “On Not-Being or On Nature” along with “De Melisso Xenophane Gorgia”. The paper offers the analyses of the persuasive structure is this passage and discusses the arguments, which Sextus and, presumably, Gorgias use in this treatise. Also the paper compares formal persuasive structure of Gorgias’ treatise as it presented in Adv. Math., on the one hand, and MXG, on the other.

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Формирование представления о шарообразности Солнца в греческой философии и науке

Author(s): Dmitri Panchenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

According to a standard idea of Greek science and philosophy, the shape of the sun is spherical. Such an idea appears already in Aristotle who offers, however, no good account for it, and only Stobaeus cites an authority, or rather collective authority, the Pythagoreans, for an early recognition of the idea in question. The ancient tradition left no direct evidence of how the sphericity of the sun was recognized, and the issue attracted very little attention in modern scholarship. I propose that in the late sixth century new empirical knowledge about the sun reached the Aegean and Italy. Some people who crossed the northern tropic repeatedly observed the sun from its ‘other’ side, for in the height of the summer an observer located south of the northern tropic saw the midday sun in the north. This made impossible Anaximander’s idea of the sun as a body containing fire and having one aperture and triggered a search for a better version. Since the sun invariably displayed a circular outline at any time, at any place and on all sides of the horizon, one had to consider the possibility that its shape was either spherical or ‘bowllike’. The study of lunar light that led to the discovery of the sphericity of the moon was also helpful. The doctrine of a spherical sun was firmly established by the consensus of professional astronomers rather than due to an initiative by an outstanding thinker; however, one may think that Parmenides contributed to it. A spherical sun cannot be a sphere of fire – without a container, fire would have dispersed. This problem brought about a number of theories that treated the sun as a kind of mirror, etc. Further, a spherical sun that issues a reflected light was recognized to have been a solid and hence a heavy body, which contributed to approaching the spheres of the Sun, Moon and Earth in a similar way and making the Earth a planet.

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Фрагмент В 17 Эмпедокла (перевод и комментарий)

Author(s): Anna Afonasina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

A new commented translation into Russian of Empedocles’ fragment B17 with the addition of several new lines available in the Strasbourg papyrus.

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Фрагмент В 17 Эмпедокла (продолжение) + Собрание с Страсбургского папируса (В 20)

Author(s): Anna Afonasina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2019

A commented translation into Russian of Empedocles’ fragment B17 with the addition of several new lines available in the Strasbourg papyrus (on the basis of the so called Ensemble c). This badly fragmented piece of evidence is translated into Russian for the first time.

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ХИЛОН КАК НРАВСТВЕННЫЙ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬ СПАРТЫ

Author(s): Sergey Kocherov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2017

The article assesses the role of one of the Seven Sages, Chilon, a lawgiver and a mentor of the ancient Sparta. The analysis of Chilon’s aphorisms displays that they are not just a sum of worldly wisdoms. More appropriately they may be perceived as a compendium of moral instructions that have become an integral part of the Spartan educational system. A special attention is given to deciphering the original meaning of the maxim “Know thyself” that is attributed to Chilon. The author hypothesizes that in a Spartan polis, whose citizens were used to a minimum of written laws, Chilon’s edification could serve as binding unwritten rules.

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Человеческая идентичность в диалоге Платона «Алкивиад I» (к вопросу об антропологической проблематике в древнегреческой философии)

Author(s): Daniil Dorofeev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

The article is devoted to Plato’s Alcibiades I and explores its main question: what is your proper self? The author pays special attention to the concept of “ayto to ayto”, which he takes to mean “selfhood”. This concept is analyzed as the first fundamental philosophical form of understanding of human identity, which Plato viewed as a soul. Plato fundamentally distinguishes essence of a person (ayto to ayto) from things that belong to a person, the attributes of human being (such as his body and material property). The author explores the Platonic understanding of human identity in the context of ancient ontology and anthropology, which includes an analysis of the relationship of a single person and universal being, authentic and inauthentic Ego, the soul (mind) and the body, the significance of “care about self” (epimeilea heautou) and “cognition of self” (gnothi seautou), etc. The concept of Plato represents the first experience of comprehending the human identity ("ayto to ayto" as soul) which appears as impersonal subject and media Being, but realized in perspective of self-correlation "care of self" and "cognition of self" by particular man.

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Числові симетрії Піфагора як передумова вивчення феномена "золотого перетину"

Author(s): Tetyana Kablova / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 3/2012

The article is devoted to Pythagorean studying about the harmony of spheres. It examines the main views of the philosopher about the building of the universe, his achievements in mathematical music theory, namely the Pythagorean tuning and its connection with the golden section

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Човекът като zoon politikon, неговият етос и изгубената телеология на щастието

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Човекът като zoon politikon, неговият етос и изгубената телеология на щастието

Author(s): Sylvia Mineva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2018

Тhe text is focused on the interpretation of Aristotle's conception of the human being as a citizen, as a political creature, and his view on happiness as the goal of humans. The article discusses Machiavelli’s and Weber’s ideas – emblematic for modernity – about the relation between ethics and politics, and the theoretical reflection of this relation in the context of contemporary society as a risk society and in the globalized world. The article aims to distinguish, based on comparative analysis, between Aristotle's understanding of ethics and politics as two sides of the same coin, i.e., as aspects of the life of people in a community. The article discusses the importance of Aristotle’s view of humans as beings that are political because they are ethical and ethical because they are political.

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ЧТО ЕСТЬ ЧЕЛОВЕК? АБРИС ОТВЕТА В «ПРОТРЕПТИКЕ» АРИСТОТЕЛЯ И ЕГО ОБОСНОВАНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ В ПОСЛЕДУЮЩИХ РАБОТАХ СТАГИРИТА

Author(s): Igor Tantlevskij / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2017

The author of the article seeks to demonstrate how Aristotle, having put forward in the “Protrepticus” the idea that the person's selfness is essentially identical with the rational “part” of his soul and that it is just in it and thanks to it that the man’s “blessedness”, “divinity” and “immortality” can be achieved, hereafter substantiates and develops this doctrine in his later works, primarily in the treatises “Metaphysics”, “On the Soul” and “Nicomachean Ethics”.

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Шта је тајна? Разматрања платоновске и просвјетитељске конфигурације тајанствености

Author(s): Caslav D. Koprivica / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 32/2016

In the following article we are trying to illuminate the question of secret as inseparable from the problem of knowledge and essence. In doing so it is not about the philosophical perspective on the problem secret, but it turns out, that the issue is not only tantamount to philosophy, but above all that the philosophical perspective supplies us with profound insight into the problem. As two major philosophical paradigms problem mystery allocated to Platonism and enlightenment, not because they are the most recognizable when it comes to understanding this issue in the course of history of philosophy, but, on the contrary, because they stay for typological characteristic, mutually disputing positions on the topic.

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ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ АРИСТОТЕЛЕВСКОЙ ДОКТРИНЫ О РОСТЕ И РАСТУЩЕМ У ОРИГЕНА, МЕФОДИЯ ОЛИМПИЙСКОГО И ГРИГОРИЯ НИССКОГО

Author(s): Valery V. Petroff / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2016

The paper treats Origen’s reception of Alexander of Aphrodisias’ arguments concerning growth and growing. It is shown that Origen uses the reasoning and examples used by Alexander, in his doctrine of the risen body. Taking the principle that the form (eidos) of the body experienced quantitative change remains the same, Origen tries to prove that even if a resurrected body possesses different material substrate, the remaining identity of its eidos (“appearance”) allows to postulate the identity of the former (earthly) body and the new risen body. At the same time, Origen neglects two premises, crucial in the Peripatetic framework which produced the doctrine of growth and growing. First, enmattered eidos could not be separated from its material substrate. Secondly, only the remaining continuity of the substrate, absent in the case of the resurrection, allowed to affirm not only indistinguishability but also the identity of the risen body. Methodius of Olympus’ criticism of Origen’s doctrine is also considered, together with an example of Gregory of Nyssa’s inefficient recourse to this Origenian concept.

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ЭМПЕДОКЛ О ДЫХАНИИ

Author(s): Anna Afonasina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2015

In Fr. B 100 DK Empedocles famously compares the principle of breathing with this of clepsydra. This simile provoked a scholarly controversy. The main question is what kind of breathing Empedocles describes – the breathing through the skin or the breathing through the mouth and nostrils? In this article I consider various solutions to the problem, suggested by different scholars (Powell 1923, Last 1924, Furley 1957, Booth 1960, Bollack 1965, O’Brien 1970), and incline to accept the idea that Empedocles describes a form of breathing through the skin with a qualification that the skin in question is the outer membrane of the respiratory apparatus rather than the outer covering of the living body, as it was previously thought. This article is the first part of the future analysis of Empedocles’ views on physical mechanisms of living beings and their sense perceptions.

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