SLOVENSKÁ KLASICKÁ DRÁMA A DIVADELNÁ RÉŽIA NA PRELOME TISÍCROČÍ

Author(s): Andrej Maťašík / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2014

This paper analyses the relationship of Slovak dramatic theatre to Slovak drama classics between 1989 and 1994: a time of great social change. This paper analyses the issue by discussing the characteristics of the distinctive approaches adopted by notable figures in theatre production and examines the situation through “official” (i.e. publicly funded) theatre companies. This is done for three key reasons: (a) at the turn of the millennium, the institutional foundations of Slovak theatre still functioned on the basis of inertia, and independent theatres and agencies and ad hoc groupings of theatre makers (existing beyond the network of publicly funded theatres) were still only being established; (b) national classics were practically absent from the season programmes of independent theatre companies until the mid-1990s because until then these companies had presented themselves as “authorial theatres” and as theatres focusing on contemporary works; (c) a number of decentralizing administrative and organizational changes were initiated in the mid-1990s which resulted in the creation of a new model of organizing professional theatre, meaning that developments after 1995 deserve separate attention.

Езиковедската словакистика в България

Author(s): Velichko Panayotov,Daniela Konstantinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The paper briefly presents the history of Slovak studies in Bulgaria, in particular at Sofia University and at the University of Veliko Turnovo, the only Bulgarian institutions of higher learning at which the language, literature and culture of Slovakia are studied. The paper also reviews some publications, such as textbooks, phrasebooks and dictionaries, written by scholars based at these institutions.

Dejiny slovenskej literatúry a srbská Vojvodina. Dva vojvodinské katechizmy a latinská ekloga Beata Bacska

Author(s): Erika Brtáňová,Oľga Vaneková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03+04/2018

The goal of the paper is to show that Lower-land Vojvodina (Northern Serbia), which was inhabited in the second half of the 18th century by Slovak evangelicals of the Augsburg confession for economic and religious reasons, was an enviroment where specific literary culture was created being mainly based on religious and educational literature. It focuses on one of the significant manifestations of this sort of literature, i. e. catechism production, which features two characteristic lines: the original domestic catechism (Matej Ambrózi Jádro náboženství křesťanského ku prospěchu evangelických konfirmantů/The Core of Christian Religion to the Benefit of Evangelical Confirmands, 1844) and the adaptation of a translation of a foreign (German) catechism (Leopold Abafi – Heinrich Wendel: Výklad malého katechismu D. Martina Luthera/ The interpretation of Dr Martin Luther´s Small Catechism, 1870). The second part of the article deals with occasional print by Michal Godra (1801-1874) Carmen pastoricium (Novi Sad, 1841). The paper focuses on the first of two eclogues titled Beata Bacska. Ecloga I. (Blessed Báčka, eclogue I.), which is composed of 97 lines written in hexameter. The article includes a transcription of the Latin text, a prosaic translation into Slovak and the interpretation of its themes and motifs.

Kultúra a národ v politickom myslení Svetozára Hurbana Vajanského. Analýza ich vzťahu vo vybra ch článkoch Národných ný novín

Author(s): Marcel Martinkovič / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2013

This paper brings closer the relationship of the culture and the national existence in the political thinking of Svetozár Hurban Vajanský. The examined material is primary delimited by the articles of S. H. Vajanský in Národné noviny. In the work is analysed the primordialistic and holistic looking of S. H. Vajanský at the existence of the nation and the meaning of the folk culture. In this context is more closely analysed the relationship of the nationally conscious intelligence and the folk as well as the relationship of the nation and the state. In this connection, Vajanský defines and promotes the concept based on the original Štúr´s idea of unity in various things.The ambivalence of the political thinking of Vajanský is shown mainly in the fact that he claims the principle of the organic plurality and the cultural tolerance selectively, only on the outside of the national-emancipatory activities. Within the frame of the Slovak political discursus, he asserts the idea of the programmatic and strategic uniformity, which consequently becomes the source of the cultural and political privilegionalism and isolationism. This fact is in parallel complemented with the reflection of the original acultural meaning of the national elity for the development of the national awareness of the folk. The folk is known in the context of the principle of primordialism and Herder´s romantism as an entity, which is the holder of the cultural merits of the national identity.

Verzologické výskumy v Čechách a na Slovensku (Pocta Jiřímu Levému)

Author(s): Ladislav Franek / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2017

The legacy of the Czech and Slovak study of the poetic structure from the 1930s to the 1960s (J. Mukařovský’s “semantic gesture”, M. Bakoš key function of the poetic rhythm). Their synthetic character under the influence of the principles of modern linguistics and Russian formalism. Literary history and historical poetics. The deepening of these starting points from the point of view of the needs of interliterary research. The objectivizing-logical criterion in respecting the specifics of national metrical systems. The contribution of J. Levý and his influence on the Slovak school of translation. His reflections upon a more integral perception of stylistic-rhythmical shifts in literary translation. The diversification of individual epistemological models according to the specificity of respective scholarly environments. The theory of literary communication in the inter-play of theory and empiricism in the works by A. Popovič. Slovak comparative literature research (D. Ďurišin) and its place in inter-literary research of L. Franek (the monograph Štýl prekladu, 1997; finished already in 1975). Inspirational exploration of the differences in the development of national literatures (French and Slovak). The striving for the unity of immanence and transcendence. Comparison with other metrical (e.g., Spanish) models. The violent interruption of the continuity of such research after the so-called “normalization” in the 1970s and the resulting problems in returning to these research models after 1989.

Podoby zobrazenia turka a tureckých reálií v slovenskej literatúre 16. a 17. storočia

Author(s): Zuzana Kákošová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2010

This article deals with the literary portrayal of a Turk as a hero and with the thematization of Turkish battles and Turkish life in Slovak literature of the 16th and 17th century. We will examine genres of Latin humanistic poetry such as hodoeporicon, epigrams, civic-political compositions (including works of a Czech exile Jakub Jakobeus); historical poetry in its developmental transformations with a reflection of the Czech press about the Battle of Mohács; and Baroque memoir prose (Štefan Pilárik senior). The picture of a Turk is rather prevailingly a picture of an enemy, a cruel murderer or a traitor; in a religious poetry depictions of horrible deeds of Turks are as a “Turkish scourge” connected with the traditional scourges of famine and plague and with appeals to do penance.

When We Walk Down Wenceslas Square… A Picture of the Return of Czech Legionnaires to Their Homeland in Their Recollections and Autobiographic Novels

Author(s): Dalibor Vácha / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2019

The study stems from the author’s long-time interest in the history of the Czechoslovak foreign resistance during the Great War, particularly in Russia. As to its sources, it draws from a collection of published recollections of Czechoslovak legionnaires and their autobiographic novels and other texts of prose. The author attempts to reconstruct the picture of the return of Czechoslovak legions from Russia to their home country; due to the nature of his sources, however, his intention is not to convey an authentic experience of the return in the first days and weeks, but rather to examine the construct created by the legionnaires’ memories and novels. In this respect, he makes use of, in particular, Anglo-Saxon historical literature dealing with similar topics. The key issues include how individuals or whole social groups were coping with the reality of the newborn republic, which was rather different from the visions of the home country they had been dreaming about while away. An important factor affecting their reflections was also the required political non-affiliation of organizations of legionnaires, as well as the criticism of the situation not just among the veterans, but in the entire society. The extent of the idealization of Russia, which was a fairly frequent phenomenon among them, was directly proportional to the disillusionment after their return, and was a mirror image of their previous idealization of home while they had been in Russia. In the author’s opinion, the topic of the return of Czechoslovak legions home and their life in their home country is far from exhausted; this is why the present study should be just a springboard to further broadly conceived research.

W poszukiwaniu kobiecych tradycji literackich. Zapomniane poetki słowackie pierwszej połowy XX wieku

Author(s): Rafał Majerek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents one of the publishing projects important in the context of Slovak literary studies in recent years, the anthology Sunken Souls. From Works by Slovak Female Poets in the First Half of the 20th Century (2017), edited by Andrea Bokníková. The book recalls the works of twelve women poets who were present in the literary life of the first decades of the 20th century, then gave up their literary activity for various reasons, and memory of them was gradually blurred. The published texts could be a starting point for reflection on the possibility of reinterpreting the history of Slovak literature and making its description more dynamic, e.g. thanks to the reconstruction of the line of women’s writing, often ignored or schematically presented in historical literary studies. This kind of project would correspond with the current search for new ways of conceptualising the literary past.

Przełamywanie milczenia. Przemiany sposobów prezentacji problematyki LGBT+ we współczesnej prozie słowackiej

Author(s): Rafał Majerek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

In Slovakia after the Velvet Revolution of 1989 groups previously marginalized and discriminated against in the communism era, including the LGBT+ community, began activities aimed at obtaining full civil rights and developing forms of cultural representation. Gradually, the issues of non-heteronormativity began to appear in various areas of culture. As regards prose texts, which are the basis for the reflections presented in this paper, non-heteronormativity was initially portrayed in a stigmatizing, stereotype-based manner. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the dominant approach has been to expose the problem of LGBT+ people living in the closet, hiding their identity due to the homophobia in the society; the sphere of intimacy is considered as the only one that allows a sense of security and the free expression of affection and desire. In more recent works, examples of characters who have come out of the closet and have no problems with functioning openly in the family and social contexts begin to appear. The specificity of Slovak fiction featuring the themes of non-heteronormativity lies mainly in the lack of works of a clearly emancipatory nature, the domination of stories focused on intimate relations between women, and only occasionally introducing gay or transgender themes.

Wielogłos. Polskie, czeskie i słowackie teksty o Zagładzie

Author(s): Kinga Piotrowiak-Junkiert / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2023

Review of: Wielogłos. Polskie, czeskie i słowackie teksty o Zagładzie Handbook of Polish, Czech, and Slovak Holocaust Fiction. Eds. Elisa-Maria Hiemer, Jiří Holý, Agata Firlej, Hana Nichtbur-gerová. Berlin: De Gruyter. 2021, 514 s.

Obraz spravodlivého sveta Slovanov vo vybraných duchovných a didaktických textoch na Slovensku

Author(s): Svetlana Šašerina / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/2023

The paper summarizes several years of research on the image of the fair world of the Slavs, which is reflected in a number of written texts of various genres. It deals with the question of traditional human thought, points to its role in the formation of popular Christian thought and the value system of society, and sees itself as a reflection of the development of the Christian tradition of Europe. The symbiosis of Christian and pre-Christian values was applied in man's relationship to the traditional values of family and justice, which are reflected, for example, in Marian veneration. An important source of knowledge about the ideas and thinking of the common man about the organization of the physical world is also the diverse texts of didactic writing, such as lucidaries and collections of texts for entertaining reading, inspired by biblical events, etc.

Prvé podoby autorskej rozprávky na Slovensku

Author(s): Štefania Vyskočová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

The Slovak authorial fairy tales published before 1930s are nowadays often seen as works without real artistic character. The literary research and theoretical sources about authorial fairy tale development describe this period only in some (even contradictory) general information. Our interpretation of the historical resources (books published in the period from 1877 to 1928) shows the initial inclination towards contamination of genres and the didactic purpose. First steps of the genre foundation can be found in the didactic (Christian-didactic) works written by J. D. Čipka and A. H. Škultéty modelling a child character. The first concept of the authorial fairy tale genre in Slovakia is formed in Kristina Royova´s animal fairy tale. In the period 1910–1930 the main tendencies in the works labelled as fairy tales are modelling a child hero; didactism: the stories based on a didactic purpose seen in reward or punishment of the main character; imitating a play of children, and working with the elements of dreaming.

Цар Фердинанд в Словакия: през погледа на историческите факти и художествената литература

Author(s): Maria Dobrikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Robinzonády v ľudovom čítaní na Slovensku v 19. storočí

Author(s): Martina Kubealaková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 44/2024

The aim of this study is to present the basic context of literary research on popular literature in Slovakia, following studies by Věra Brožová (2008) and Jiří Hrabal (2022), looking specifically at the forms of 19th-century Robinsonades, including Czech Robinsonades reprinted in Slovakia from the late 18th century through the 19th century. With the exception of a single edition of Pavel Šulc’s adaptation, we know of no adaptations of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe in the Czech context to have been published in Slovak editions; this is surprising considering the popularity of the theme and rich history of Czech adaptations, and we believe that further investigation is required. This study therefore distinguishes between the ‘Robinsonade’ and ‘folk Robinsonade’, with respect to the different motivations for adapting Defoe’s work in the context of Slovakian popular literature: that is, between the Robinsonade as a line started by the Czech translation of J. Campe’s German adaptation Robinson der Jüngere (and subsequent adaptations by V. Kramerius’s and others; the ‘Czech Story’ follows, for example, the aforementioned study by Hrabal), and various other works that draw instead on the success of Defoe’s novel to create adventure stories based on the Robinson theme. The heroes of these stories — Berthold, Ildegert, Spelhofen, and Engelbrecht — are known from both Czech and Slovak editions. The results of this comparison, together with an examination of the factors that may have caused these changes at all investigated levels, are formulated as manifestations of specific forms of inter-literary reception, namely ‘retellings’ with omission and expansion (Robinson der Jüngere), and — as examples of the ‘folk Robinsonade’ — adaptation (Berthold), plagiarism (Ildegert), interliterary allusion (Spelhofen), and allusion (Engelbrecht). Changes in form are found to be directly proportional to the degree of application of the poetics of popular literature.

Pop-sypte mu hrachu, budete bez strachu — Jánošík ako popkultúrny fenomén

Author(s): Juraj Malíček / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2023

10.19195/0867-7441.29.18The study presents Juraj Jánošík, a folk national hero and iconic folklore figure in the widest possible pop culture context as practically the only original Slovak pop culture phenomenon. It offers a historicizing cross-section of the diverse representations of Jánošík within the traditional artistic modes that canonize Jánošík, but predominantly focuses on treatments that shift and reinterpret the Jánošík myth almost to the point of complete emptiness, in the sense that Jánošík no longer functions as a semantically polyfunctional symbol within their framework. In chronological order, the study offers an overview of high and profane literary works dedicated to Jánošík, devotes a substantial part to Jánošík as a defi ning element of Slovak cinema, but also presents other models of adaptations in which Jánošík appears as a character in television shows, a musical hero, or a functional comic (super) hero.

Variácie antropocentrizmu v národno-spoločenskej lyrike P. O. Hviezdoslava s prírodnou motivikou

Author(s): Vladimíra Vrajová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 55/2023

The paper deals with anthropocentrism in the national-social poetry of P. O. Hviezdoslav, based on the postulates of cognitive-linguistic and interdisciplinary, ecologically oriented research. The aim of the paper is to identify the manifestations of anthropocentrism in the expressive plan of P. O. Hviezdoslav’s national-social lyric poetry. The research sample consists of 69 poems that cover the whole period of the writer’s literary activity and in which images of natural elements are exposed in response to social events. In the processing of the text set, an analytical-interpretive and partly comparative approach is applied, which draws on the methodology of general linguistics (stylistics), as well as cognitive, ecologically, and pragmatically oriented linguistics. Given the literary texts under review, the terminological instrumentation of literary science is also important. The results of the research are structured along several lines. In the first case, anthropocentrism refers to the author or the lyrical subject evaluating the intra-textual percipient. The intention to sharply criticize, ridicule and judge the negative activity of the human-destroyer is reflected in the referential expressions. At the level of poetic imagery, anthropocentrism manifests itself in anthropomorphic, but also in naturomorphic, and reific metaphors that derive from the experience of the human body and from sensory empiricism. Finally, it is the central position of man as master of the earth that the lyrical subject exposes to sharp criticism through both poetic imagery and non-poetic language. At the same time, the polemic with the man-demiurg results from a privileging of the theocentric principle over the anthropocentric, but also ecocentric one.

„Cigánsky román“ Josefa Sekeru Děti z hliněné vesnice a problematika literárneho kontextu

Author(s): Miloslav Szabó / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 5/2024

This article reflects on the issue of literary context, particularly on the increasing efforts to reconceptualize it in recent years. Using the example of Josef Sekera’s novel Děti z hliněné vesnice (1952), set among Slovak Roma, it progressively reconstructs the contexts of social history, exoticism and the reception of the work in Communist Czechoslovakia and of its German translation in East Germany. In doing so, it starts out from the assumption that different levels of contextualization can help explain the sujet tensions that Sekera’s novel fails to aesthetically alleviate in any productive way, even though it does to some extent get beyond the schematism of socialist realism.

Cestopis – prostriedok interdisciplinárneho vzdelávania?

Author(s): Zuzana Vargová,Michal Krauter / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2024

The paper analyses the travelogue genre and verifies its suitability in education after the planned curricular reform. This is illustrated by the travelogue Z cestovního denníka záletu z Vídne do Benátek [From the Travel Diary of a Journey from Vienna to Venice], in which Kuzmány describes his experiences on a trip to Italy. Emphasis is placed on how nature, climate and other landscape features are reflected in the author-traveller‘s countryside image. In addition to exploring the text-formation mechanisms and the description of natural, cultural and social realities, the paper reveals the relationship between the reality depicted and the landscape visited. Thus, in the context of the contemporary atmosphere and cultural events, the proposed work not only conceives the form of the travelogue genre in the 19th century but also reflects on the possibilities of its use in various natural or social science-oriented subjects (in addition to Slovak language and literature, in history, geography and religious education). This is also reflected in the structure of the analysis of the selected travelogue.

The Works The Demon of Consent and Delayed Reports as Critical Reflections of Their Time

Author(s): Marcela Antošová,Kristián Vrábel / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The present study deals with two prominent personalities of literary, cultural, and social life, respectively their (in their time) important works. One of them is Dominik Tatarka and his cardinal work Démon súhlasu [The Demon of Consent, in magazine form in 1956, in book form in 1963] and Ladislav Mňačko and his Oneskorené reportáže [Delayed Reports, 1963]. In the turbulent years after the Second World War, when Czechoslovakia struggled to define its state character, both representatives radically sided with the regime and supported it in all their activities. For example, both Tatarka and Mňačko were involved (to some extent) in the conviction of wrongly accused individuals. However, they were among the first to understand the system’s destruction and criticise it publicly. The works, Démon súhlasu [The Demon of Consent] and Oneskorené reportáže [Delayed Reports], became significant in this regard. At the time of their publication, both texts boldly named the pernicious practices of communist totalitarianism and foreshadowed and contributed to the change in the social climate that led to the Prague Spring. Based on an interpretative probe, the present study aims to approach the semantic dimensions of these works and, through literary instrumentation, make accessible a mode of critical reflection on the communist regime.

Mentalno-językowy kształt piękna w języku polskim i słowackim (w uformowaniu jednostek wielowyrazowych ze znaczeniem piękna)

Author(s): Wlodzimierz Wysoczaúski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2024

The article deals with the determinants of the sensory and mental reproduction and the linguistic shaping of beauty, objectified in the diversified multiword units of Polish and Slovakian. Three basic determinants can be distinguished in forming and presenting beauty which come down to: beauty presented directly and indirectly, its lack and ugliness, permanence and impermanence of beauty, losing and gaining beauty, properties of beauty and beauty manifestations, the effects of beauty, attitudes to beauty and the correlation of beauty and other ideas. The comparative research reveals the mechanisms lying at the foundation of the image of beauty, it provides a comprehensive presentation of the phenomenon of beauty fixed in word compounds of the compared languages, and thus the presentation of the regularity of universal and specific linguistic nature.