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PROLETCULTISM VS. SOCIALIST REALISM

Author(s): Mihaela Airinei / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 17/2019

The Romanian Literature has been summoned to bring into the spotlight creations that would embrace the projected ideological fiction, the incontestable superiority of communist order, the "golden' future of the country or the role of the "new human" in a world liberated from exploitation and conquer.Despite the fact that some of the writers consented to assume the official ideology, many others have written on keeping their aesthetic autonomy. This exasperating acultural climate forced them into finding means that would enable them to undermine (or at least avoid) the controlling doctrine. The critic contribution of researchers reveals the nature of the transformations that took place on the grounds of history of literature. The animated pertractations succeed in recovering, much to the advantage of the language of history of literature, the semantic avatars of the two key-concepts: proletcultism and socialist realism. If the Moscow proletcultism of the years 1918-1920, articulated and consecrated by A.A Bogdanov, proclaims the adaptation of the vision and proletary style in an anarchic-insurgent manner through disconsideration of party and state ideology, the Romanian one, specific to the years 1948-1950, cannot recover its sistemic congruency. The contours have been kept, yet the contents promote the party shared proletary culture.

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BUJOR NEDELCOVICI- A CLUMSY WRITER IN SEARCH OF LOST TIME

Author(s): Ligia Monica Banciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 17/2019

Bujor Nedelcovich's artistic belief is powered by the force of converting defense into victory, defense being reveled by the exile taken, which proved to be a very difficult challenge. Exile means burning, purification, renascence, acquiring new literary dimensions, but also a way of knowing your inner self. There is a strong bound between an author‘s life and his literary work, hence there hasn‘t been found an appropriate interpretation of his work (esthetic) without a deep knowledge of his existence (ethic). A writer is in an ontological unit with his work; Bujor Nedelcovici doesn‘t consider the esthetic primarily important placing it over the ethic; he stats that an author‘s work can‘t save his life, consequently life can‘t explain work either.

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ALEXANDRU POPESCU-TELEGA AND NĂZUINȚA: A MOMENT IN THE EVOLUTION OF HISPANIC STUDIES IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Carmen Burcea / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 18/2019

In the field of Spanish-Romanian relations, Năzuința journal emerges as a noteworthy landmark. Provincial, small sized, typographically modest, Năzuința was, for some years (1922- 1929), an important cultural platform with the purpose of (re)activating the contacts between the two geographical and cultural spaces. If in its period came to be known, the decades that have passed since then have spread the mantle of oblivion over its pioneering activity in Spanish cultural studies in Romania. Restored from memories and various notes, its remembrance is often associated with that of Professor Alexandru Popescu-Telega. On what foundation is situated Al. Popescu-Telega’s activity? What was the stage of knowledge about Spain and its culture in the period immediately after World War I? How did he thought the popularization program of Hispanic culture? Which were the pathways in order to disseminate the Hispanic culture? How can we measure its efficiency? Answering to these questions is the proposal of this paper.

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THE LONELINESS OF ORPHEUS IN THE TWO LAST EUGÈNE IONESCO’S PLAYS

Author(s): Magdalena Indrieş / Language(s): French Issue: 18/2019

The two last Ionesco’s plays, Man with bags and Journeys to the Realm of the Dead, have a rich mythological substrate. The myth of Orpheus is present between the lines. Even if the name of the famous poet is not specified, there are many elements of this myth, presents in the two plays. The modern Orpheus, a man alone, is travelling in a labyrinthine hell inside, looking for his own identity and for his mother. The own identity is very important, because the knowledge of one’s self, which suppose loneliness, leads to the knowledge of the others and to the sense of his life. The quest of the mother is an attempt to escape to a feeling of guilty and in the same time, to make order in the personal world.

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TO READ, TO FEEL, TO LIVE - THE NOVEL OF THE DAILY STORIES (MARIAN BARBU, COLONELUL DE LA GHIOL)

Author(s): Maria-Zoica Balaban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2019

The novel addresses a lecturer who has the know-how of getting into the magic of speculative discourse. Following the postmodernist logic, the text invokes simultaneous readings and decodings. For a lecturer who has exercised his mind with the potential of lived and assumed thought, Marian Barbu's text is a unique one: the confession of a life beyond the speculative magic of abstract concepts, a deconstruction of an epistemology with the purpose of a better settlement in ontology, in its potential to be. It is a novel about death and life, about feeling and sensing and about the memory’s fight against forgetfulness.

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UNPERFORMED YET MEANINGFUL “SPEECH ACTS”? BISHOP IOAN PLOSCARU’S POEMS OF DETENTION

Author(s): Alexandru Daniel Magdalen / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2019

The post-war Romanian poetry of political detention has not yet emerged from the relatively marginal concern it represents for the majority of literary critics. The consequence is that, even now, decades after the collapse of the communist regime, we have not yet begun to truly discover the multiple layers of meaning and the cultural significance that this distinctive form of literature can convey. This study aims to hermeneutically explore the prison poetry of Uniate Bishop Ioan Ploscaru, who spent fifteen years as a prisoner of conscience during a state-sanctioned crackdown on his religious community. The perspective adopted in examining his work Cruci de gratii (Crosses of Prison Grates) aims to address a paradox of communication which surfaces in his poems. Initially, these rhymed reflections, later featured in book form, were not intended to be listened to or read. Still, they imply a special kind of communicative purpose. Adapting the pragmatics concept of speech act, this article begins from this theoretical frame to advance an understanding of how a poetically structured act of virtual address can have psychological significance for its author in confronting the trauma of detention.

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LUCIAN BLAGA – POETRY BETWEEN LIGHT AND ASHES

Author(s): Elena-Alexandra Costea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2019

Starting with Samuil Micu, Gheorghe Şincai and Petru Maior, then continuing with Slavici, Coşbuc, Goga, Agîrbiceanu, the Transylvanians gave a moralizing pragmatic culture and literature, put in the noble service of the national cause. With Lucian Blaga, Transylvania produces a pure poetry, of metaphysical essence, through which symbolism modernism is overtaken in a sensible way, the art of the word now being at the level of European expressionism. Blaga brings to our literature the soul of the village, the folklore, the popular beliefs, and embracing myth and history. As he rightly called Pompiliu Constantinescu, a poet of mystery, Blaga is equally, in a stated and unequivocal way, a philosopher of the mystery. This aspect is fully proved by a certain metamorphosis, from the exuberant vitalism and the evidently obvious bucolism of the first two volumes, to the existential fear and the metaphysical sadness of the Great Passage and the Praise of Sleep, then by some clarity and by a more the great freshness of a folklore that always remains substantially and never ethnographically in the water, to a superior discovery of the virtues of a cohabitation in harmony with nature.

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TRACES OF AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN THE ROMANIAN ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT

Author(s): Laura Claudia Cracană / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2019

The Romanian abolitionist movement was in close connection with the political reforms that took place in the first half of the 19th century in Moldavia and Wallachia, being strongly influenced by the wind of progress and modernization coming from the West. The present paper aims at offering a brief presentation of the American presence in Romanian literature and public sphere of the mid-19th century and to emphasize the elements that played an important role in the adoption of the final emancipation laws. The young intellectual generation of the 1848 Revolution saw the resemblances that could be traced between the slavery institutions from the United States and the Romanian Principalities as well as between the general attitude of supremacy of the dominant population towards the enslaved minority groups and used them to promote abolitionist feelings in the Principalities. The fact that the first American novel to be translated in Romanian was the antislavery manifestation “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and its enormous popularity in the Romanian space come to confirm the interest of the Romanian people in the information about the modern American society in those difficult times of change and political turmoil.

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HISTORY'S EVIL AND CĂRTĂRESCU'S BESTIARY

Author(s): Alexandru Ionașcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 19/2019

This study will explore the interplay between history as a grand narrative, the way Jean- François Lyotard formulated this concept, and the micro-narrative of history as a family journey through the transformations and the dangerous of Communist Romania. As Mihai Iovănel points out, after 1989, Romanian authors could’t keep with the social changes taking place during the so-called postcommunist transition, so opted to place their personal stories and biography at the forefront of their narrative works. In this sense, Mircea Cărtărescu’s trilogy Orbitor can be read as a family history, with the children and young adolescent’s imagination subverting the symbols created by the adults around and a gnostic evil replacing the historical evil like the Securitate secret police. Here, monsters are part of conterfactual narratives that function as an example of both the omnipresence of evil in the world, and as a textual substitute for historical events, with the postmodern Book being present as both a cultural text, with religious symbolism. In his novels, Mircea Cărtărescu imagines a bestiary composed of vastity and the confusion regnum and identities, with nature becoming an extended space and the genders losing their cohesion. In his Nostalgia volume, which is composed of several long narratives that can be read as novels, the focus point is the average man in the face of history that he confronts with his own interests and passions, thereby transforming it into a personal history, and the childhood imagination that revolts against reality as it is set forth by the rules of the adults.

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RECEIVING THE LITERARY PROSE OF GABRIELA ADAMEȘTEANU IN THE CRITICAL PRE-DECEMBER DISCOURSE

Author(s): Mariana Mogoș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 19/2019

Facing the critical act Gabriela Adameșteanu is aware of the inevitability of a relationship, thus receiving throughout her career various remarks and appreciations. The voice of a literary critic is the one that is heard and which by professional authority dedicates the value of a writer and his work. Therefore, the present paper presents the critical reception of Gabriela Adameșteanu's work from the perspective of renowned critics such as Nicolae Manolescu, who is interested in identifying a Romanian formula that the author cultivates, Constantin Stănescu, who analyzes the theme of the novel, the literary formulas it approaches, the acts and the behavior of the characters, interacting with others or immersing themselves, style and language, Laurențiu Ulici, who presents a more organized and didactic vision on the work of the writer, Lucian Raicu, Cornel Moraru, Al. Piru, Mircea Iorgulescu, Nicolae Ciobanu, Mihai Dinu Gheorghiu or Eugen Simion, who investigate the narrative, varied and ingenious forms interwoven in Gabriela Adameșteanu's work.

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THE ARTISTIC TRANSFIGURATION OF THE COSMOGONIC HTONIAN ELEMENT IN THE ROMANIAN PROSE OF BESSARABIA

Author(s): Mariana Cocieru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 19/2019

Reported being at the artistic literary discourse, the intertextuality of the cosmogonic elements in the message of the Romanian prose of the sixties writers in Bessarabia shades the interleaving of the ancestral meanings of the four natural phenomena: water, fire, earth and air. The fact is realizing by the absorption and transformation of the discursive code (Julia Kristeva) in the process of constituting an artistic text, based on the assembly of a set of mythical, ethnofolkloric signs attributed to the universal constituents of nature by the popular mentality. In this study, we chose to reveal the range of artistic assimilation and transfiguration of an element that participates in the cosmogonic act of constitution of the universe: the earth.The Earth segment represents the universal substance, the primordial chaos that emerges from the germinal waters, is the matter from which God created man. In connection with the aquatic element, it obtains positive qualities. At the same time, in the Romanian symbolism, the earth gets a bad connotation when it assigned to the world „from beyond".

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THE METAMORPHOSIS OF TIME

Author(s): Oana-Larisa Oanea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 19/2019

The present research, made from a literary, psychoanalytic and phenomenological perspective, brings to the foreground the case of the post-communist writer Gabriela Adameșteanu and the universe of her characters, created through the dialectics of language and the particular manner in which every fictional world is built, her genesis being in the constraints imposed by the traumatic experience to which the writers of the communist totalitarian regime have been subjected, especially at ideological and identitary level. In all of the epic discourses over which I have leaned on in this research, it can be seen the transformations of fictionalization manners after visiting the geography of memory - as I called the return to the remembrance of the painful past. The Confrontation has literally materialized through metamorphoses of the discourse, the fiction taking on the attributes of the explored topos, while the author frees itself, thus producing the metamorphoses of the past: of time, of running away, of body identity, of migration or of trauma.

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A FORGOTTEN WRITER: NICOLAE BELDICEANU AND THE PATRIARCHAL OUTSKIRTS

Author(s): Dana Matei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

The present article aims to save from oblivion a writer who even since his literary debut in 1905 with the volume of short stories “Chipuri de la mahala” turns his attention to the destiny of humble people in the outskirts of the city. This will be a new theme which will be dealt with in literature only in the period between the two wars. The peripherical space of the “mahala” will represent the bridge towards the epic of the city, many of the Romanian writers finding their inspiration in the urban environment, trying to rehabilitate artistically ordinary people by no means inferior through the intensity of their feeling and experiences, despite their cruel, rude or instinctive ways.

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF BRITISH AND ROMANIAN CHILDREN’S LITERATURE

Author(s): Mădălina Șraier (Ștefănescu) / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2020

This article aims to briefly present the evolution of British and Romanian children’s literature. Translating a text for young readers requires a good understanding of what children’s literature is. In its turn, defining the genre requires a grasp of its historical evolution. Numerous factors, such as moral values, religious views, pedagogical practices, commerce and finances, have influenced the development of children’s literature throughout time, leading to the emergence of a stratified literary polysystem. The interplay of the aforementioned factors, the constant competition between them, has been at the heart of the transformation and progression of the genre. While resources treating British children’s literature are numerous, those dealing with the genre in Romania and with its trajectory throughout time are scarce. This lack of materials could be justified on the one hand by the late emergence of Romania as a geographical and political entity, and on the other hand by the lack of interest in children’s literature on the part of academics.

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APEIRON-UL LUI DINU FLĂMÂND

Author(s): Laura Alexandra Petrea (Şopterean) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

The present paper deals with a short analyse of the first volume of poetry, written by Dinu Flămând. He is one of the most important poets from this period. His first volume is called "Apeiron" and appeared in 1971. Also, he is one of the members who grounded the "Echinox" Magazine. Dinu Flamand was born in Romania, Bistrita-Nasaud county and the fact that he comes from country can be remarked in his poetry because the city seems to fossilize him.

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ASPECTS OF TIME IN CONTEMPORARY WOMEN'S LYRICS

Author(s): Mariana Mogoș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

The relation of man with time has acquired the meaning of a drama, which has deepened, as man understood the relativity of his existence and how it is determined by the implacability of time. But what is time? A friend or a foe? No certainty. Only one: unseen, he completes a mission - to "lead" us into the path of eternity. Surely we could say it together with St. Augustine "What is the time? If I'm not asked, I know. If I am asked, I do not know ”(St. Augustine, Confessions, Nemira Publishing House, Bucharest, 2010). It seemed to us, therefore, necessary to present some of the opinions expressed in the space of philosophical thought, because the literati, as people with their own representations, could relate to one or the other. Our selection operated at the universal and national levels, according to a chronological criterion. I also considered the divergent character of the different theories. Translating the problem of time in the space of literature we also achieved it by selecting some fundamental approaches and attitudes for capitalizing on the theme of time in the universal and Romanian literature: Proust, Th. Mann, G.G. Marquez, Eminescu, Blaga or N. Stanescu. Since the aim of our approach is to comment on expressions of female sensitivity to the challenges of the theme, we selected four poets from the contemporary period, aiming to capture the unity in diversity. The four poets - Gabriela Melinescu, Constanța Buzea, Ileana Mălăncioiu and Ana Blandiana - are, of course, distinct voices and personalities. The poetic imaginary and the means by which they realize it carry specific imprints. The vision and attitude in relation to the theme of time is their own. One aspect is common, precisely because it is human: the impossibility of ignoring the determination of the existence of the being by the Time factor. I tried to capture the personal poetic expression of each of the four poets. I have exemplified on the basis of a selection that belongs to us, justified by sensitivity, by the personal affective resonance generated by the meeting with the poetry of these authors.

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ABOUT CHARACTERS IN CAMIL PETRESCU`S DRAMAS

Author(s): Roxana Kaitar / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

The issue of character creation is carefully analyzed by Camil Petrescu himself. The character is such a complex figure that the process of creation implies full involvement, all the more so in the case of the characters in the dramas. The playwright debated the intellectual problems, among his characters appearing exemplary types through the dramatism of the searches and the failures, through their acute lucidity, in general. His characters are complicated intellectuals, characterized by nostalgia for the absolute, exaggerated reflexivity, maladaptation, pride, contemplative spirit, refusal of compromises, capacity for analysis and synthesis, vocation of introspection, feeling of honor, loyalty, etc.

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DRAMA AS A FORM OF A TENTACULAR ARTISTIC INSTALLATION IN EUGÈNE IONESCO’S PLAY THE CHAIRS

Author(s): Maria-Luisa Țuculeanu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This study explores the relationship between visual arts and theatre in Eugène Ionesco’s work, mainly in the play The Chairs. By researching the connection between the two domains of activity it becomes evident that the multiplication of chairs in the play resembles an authentic artistic installation. Furthermore, objects are of great importance in Ionesco’s theatre to the prejudice of words, as is the case with the Pop art movement (where the traditional means of expression are entirely replaced by ordinary objects). Thus, the distance between art and life is narrowed and the object’s serial production refers to a new way of living and creating. All in all, theatre is a form of performing art, as in both domains (one theatrical, the other one pertaining to visual arts) we can identify multiple possibilities for the analysis of the present essay.

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THE FANTASTIC DIMENSION OF MIRCEA ELIADE’S LITERATURE

Author(s): Amalia-Maria Roșioru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

Mircea Eliade (1907-1986) was a savant of the history of religions and a writer who transposed theses from scientific texts to literature (Aspecte ale mitului, Sacrul şi profanul, Tratat de istoria religiilor etc.). It is well-known that he was preoccupied by the relation between sacred and profane and by the mythic. Sacred is present in people’s life and the fact that they don’t notice it, doesn’t mean that it dissapears. The archaic man from the writer’s texts is a hypostasis of homo religiosus. The way Eliade’s literature attracts the reader is similar to the discovery of a strange thing or event found in close proximity. Parallel universes, born from the fusion of sacred and profane, alternate and set a mythical atmosphere. Eliade’s literature is the closest to italian fantastic represented by Buzzati and Bontempelli.

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THE FOLKLORIC INTERTEXTUALITY OF THE COSMOGONIC ELEMENT AIR IN THE ROMANIAN PROSE OF THE SIXTIES WRITERS FROM BESSARABIA

Author(s): Mariana Cocieru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

In this approach we have revealed from a synthetic perspective the role of ethnofolkloric cosmogony in the diachronic evolution of prose from Bessarabia (1960-1980), by specifying the specific patterns on the subject, the compositional status, the range of characters descending from the folkloric environment, of transvalorized species, also revealing the attitude of the writers towards the oral popular culture. In a comparative analysis, we observe that the etheric element is present in the creative imagination of the writers differently. Depending on certain states of the characters or subject situations, the following constituents are predominantly intertextualized: the stars; climatic phenomena: mistletoe, eclipses, rainbow, etc.; the bird, the flight and more. The mythic-folkloric values of these segments are renewed and complemented by the artist's spiritual experience; by this process realizing the extension and enhancement of the meanings attributed by the people to the cosmogonic elements, sometimes revealing surprising aesthetic connotations.Taking into account the popular poetic code, the research of the process of remodeling the cosmogonic element the air in the literature of Romanian writers from Bessarabia reveals the production of symbolic code transformations. Even if it stays within the limit of the updated popular pattern, we notice that the configuration elements vary due to the discursive register. The updating at the imaginary level and the symbolic transfiguration occur through transfocalization and transstylization, forms of collaboration and interpretation, which do not alter the generator frame, but only imprint specific prints on it. The degree of absorption of folkloric elements, as a result of integration into the new structure, refers to the code and the totality of the work. The mobility of the interdiscursive material determines the transcript of the folklore's producing experience on the formation of additional meanings through the intertextual enrichment of the archetypal symbolic codes and the enhancement in the thematic network of a new imaginary universe.

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