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Вина и отговорност (полско-еврейските отношения в есетата на Хенрик Гринберг, Ян Блонски и Йежи Йедлицки

Author(s): Kristiyan Yanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The article examines three highly debated and polemic Polish essays, written in the 1980s by Henryk Grynberg, Jan Błoński and Jerzy Jedlicki. The aim of the paper is to present the different view of their authors about the traumatic recent Polish-Jewish past and to analyze how these essays deal with the notions of historical guilt and responsibility.

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Parkosz’s Treatise from a Typographic Point of View

Author(s): Janusz S. Bień / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

The 15th century Latin manuscript containing a treatise by Parkosz was the very first proposal of Polish spelling. To account for all the phonemes of Polish some new letters were proposed, which are not available in the present day fonts. This makes difficult to quote the proposal when discussing the history of Polish spelling. The paper describes the transliteration proposed by the author which used the characters available in the Unicode standard. The ultimate solution is of course creating a specialized font and the paper mentions some aspects of this task.

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Evaluationary (r)evolution of journals in Poland

Author(s): Michał Kokowski / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

The article concerns the key problems of Polish ministerial lists of scientific journals, which are shown on the example of journals from the history and history of science, the idea of a new list according to the Unit for the Science of Science at the Institute for the History of Science (Polish Academy of Sciences) and the appreciation of the editorial and review activity in the Polish system of evaluation of scientific achievements.The fundamental flaw in the procedure for creating the lists of scientific journals of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland (December 18, 2019) and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Poland (February 9, 2021 / February 18, 2021) is the lack of reference to the achievements of the science of science, although it was established in Poland in 1916–1939 and has been fruitfully developed in the world ever since.The bibliometric achievements of the 12 highest-scoring Polish journals from history, which received 100 points in the “List of journals of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Poland” (February 9, 2021 / February 18, 2021) were compared with the bibliometric achievements of the highest-scoring Polish journals from the sub-disciplines “history of science” or “history and philosophy of science”. Although they received only 40 points, they did not have fewer bibliometric achievements than Polish historical journals rated at 100 points.A comparison of bibliometric achievements of 18 Polish history journals indexed in Scopus showed that in 2019 and 2020, the journal Studia Historiae Scientiarum had the highest values of these indicators.On this basis, it is justified to claim that in the case of Polish journals in the discipline of “history” and sub-disciplines “history of science” and “history and philosophy of science”, the ministerial list of journals was built on the basis of non-objective and non-transparent rules. Such a critical remark also applies to the previous lists of journals of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, including the list of December 18, 2019.It is therefore necessary to: a) thoroughly improve the scores of Polish journals in the sub-disciplines “history of science” and “history and philosophy of science” in the short term, because maintaining such verdicts will lead to an unjustified depreciation of scientific achievements in the field of these sub-disciplines during the evaluation of Polish academic units, and b) develop a new Polish model for evaluating journals in the long term.Bearing in mind the achievements of the integrated science of science, in particular the method of correspondence thinking and the idea of scientific (r)evolution by Michał Kokowski, praxeological research in the spirit of Tadeusz Kotarbiński, scientific communication and the trend named the responsible metrics, a new model of journal evaluation is presented.The idea of objective measures of journal’s achievements and the costs of publishing in it are described: the journal’s achievement measure (JAM)©, the journal’s cost-effectiveness measure (JCEM)© and the normalized journal’s cost-effectiveness measure (NJCEM)©.This is followed by a presentation of Rules for the creation of lists of scientific journals according to the Unit for the Science of Science at the Institute for the History of Science (Polish Academy of Sciences)©.It is postulated that relevant appreciation of editorial and review activity in the Polish system of evaluation of scientific achievements should be introduced by modifying the current regulation on the evaluation of scientific achievements.

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Memory of the Holocaust in Henryk Grynberg’s volume of poetry Dowód osobisty [Personal ID]

Author(s): Roman Bobryk / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2023

Virtually all of Henryk Grynberg’s work is devoted to the subject of the Holocaust. In the 2006 volume entitled Dowód osobisty, individual poems require not only knowledge of the Shoah but also of the author’s biography and other work. In many, the lyrical subject is endowed with the poet’s own characteristics. Another modality of presenting the world—one seldom employed in poetry—is through the utterance of a collective subject (the lyrical “us”, which may be identified with the Jewish nation), in which the focus shift from the personal, individual experience to a more general and objective scope. Also, numerous poems feature indirect allusions to Grynberg’s earlier work. Hence, their interpretation is contingent on the reader’s literary experience.

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Trans-Curzonia and border people. Ukrainians deported from Poland in Contemporary Ukrainian and Polish literature

Author(s): Yulia Artymyshyn / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2023

This article analyses the image of the contemporary Polish-Ukrainian borderland in Ukrainian literature, and for a comparative context, works by Polish writers are also included. The literary representation of Trans-Curzonia as a special border area, the ethnic borderland where Ukrainians lived before the deportation actions in 1940–1950, is examined. It is argued that the literary topography of this area is the main focus of Polish authors, especially Andrzej Stasiuk. Above all, it is a space at the intersection of cultures and time, which exists somewhat separately and according to its own specific rules. It was noted that in the prose of the Ukrainian novelist Vasyl Makhno, the main themes are the community of deported Ukrainians and their lost ideal place (home) and nostalgia. In journalism, the main actors have been the communities of Ukrainians who remained in Poland and the witnesses and descendants of those deported in “Operation Vistula”.

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"...ładnej dziewczynie łatwo się wybacza brak rozsądku" - postaci kobiece w serii o Panu Samochodziku

Author(s): Krystyna Zabawa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

The aim of the article is an analysis of female characters who appear in the series of novels about Pan Samochodzik (Mr. Automobile) by Zbigniew Nienacki as well as the interpretation of the narrator’s perception of women in the context of fashion and social trends in the 1960s and 1970s in Poland. The author pays attention to gender roles that are attributed to both sexes, but especially to female roles. The analyses are focused, in turn, on the perception of a woman through senses (the descriptions of a body, clothes, hairstyles), the special role of girls, the “female” space, and, finally, the issue of gender equality

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Poeci i znawcy literatury. O edukacyjnych walorach dialogów Czesława Miłosza i Tomasa Venclovy oraz Tadeusza Różewicza i Karla Dedeciusa

Author(s): Danuta Łazarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Dialogues between poets and literature experts, including translators, may relate to a number of matters. Not infrequently, these are problematic topics stored in the memory and associated with difficult relations between nations, as well as with the search for ways to discover and build a literary and cultural community and a bridge based on understanding between people of different nationalities. The aim of the article is to focus attention on selected, not always easy, dialogues between Czesław Miłosz and Tomas Venclova, Tadeusz Różewicz and Karl Dedecius. Both the subject matter of the written exchange of ideas that takes place between them, and the ways in which the conversations/discussions are conducted, open up many important issues. The latter involves the broadly understood value of these dialogues both for writers and experts on their works and for contemporary readers – high school students.

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Solovki ou un espace détourné : Le Météorologue d’Olivier Rolin et Le Journal d’un loup de Mariusz Wilk

Author(s): Jadwiga Bodzińska-Bobkowska / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

The Solovki Islands are a specific and mysterious territory where the history, geography and metaphysics intersect. The topography of this land, as well as natural phenomena such as “white nights”, can illustrate these complicated crossings. The objective of this paper is to study the reflection of this space in the literary works by Olivier Rolin and Mariusz Wilk who situate their texts – Stalin’s Meteorologist and The Journals of a White Sea Wolf – in the Russian Far North. Adopting a geocritical perspective, I try to identify spatial structures in these works in order to understand the meanings that they carry: chaos, diversions et labyrinths.

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Czarna legenda” Niccolò Machiavellego w polskiej poezji XVII wieku (na wybranych przykładach)

Author(s): Anna Maciejewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2023

The subject matter of my research is the black legend of Niccolò Machiavelli in Polish baroque poetry. This legend spread in the 17th-century Commonwealth on such a large scale that the name of this secretary of the Florentine republicbegan to be used to describe even kings or pretenders to the throne who were political opponents. For this reason, I described in this scientific article the literary works of poets such as Wacław Potocki, Wespazjan Kochowski and Stanisław Orzelski. The second of these authors acted in a similar way in The Stone of Testimony of the Innocence of the Great Senator in the Polish Crown, comparing the actions of the royal court to an infernal council, in which such characters as Machiavelli, Richelieu and Mazarini take part. In my scientific article, I will emphasize that this Polish Baroque poet also showed the secretary of the Florentine republic in his other literary works as a perverse and demonic person. I will also note that Wacław Potocki in his work negatively refers to those people who defame John III Sobieski in lampoons and accuse him of using “Machiavellian arts”. I will not ignore Stanisław Orzelski’s Macaronica carmina Marfordii Mądzikovii poetae approbatihere.

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Poloniser le français ? Les stratégies translinguistiques des écrivains transnationaux polono-français de l’époque romantique

Author(s): Przemysław Szczur / Language(s): French Issue: 20/2023

The author of the article proposes an analysis of the phenomenon of “polonisation” of the French language carried out by a group of Polish francophone novelists, who, during the Romantic Era, wrote historical novels devoted to the past of Poland. He proposes to see this phenomenon as an example of translingualism. After having defined this term, the author highlights the links between narration and translation, analyses the motivation of translingualism, examines its conditioning by the narrative context as well as the forms it takes in the texts, the problems it poses and the solutions proposed by novelists to these difficulties of linguistic transfer.

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Babizna? Babcie jako bohaterki rodzimej prozy kobiet po 2010 roku

Author(s): Anna Pekaniec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The text was conceived as a review, combined with an analysis and interpretation, of texts written by Polish women authors after 2010, especially novels and short story collections in which the grandmother is an important character. Women authors from the 1970s and 1980s, who in creating various herstories, make the eldest women in the family the disposers of narratives, responsible for building specific bridges between the past and the present, as well as the guardians of memory and guides through the labyrinth of interpersonal relations. The numerous representations of grandmothers in post-2010 literature is directly related to the ‘family turn’ in domestic prose announced over a decade ago, as well as to the transformations within women’s literature, in which the mother-daughter relationship is being replaced by a granddaughter (rarely grandson) — grandmother relationship. Granddaughters become narrators, through them the grandmothers’ stories taking verbal shape. The established bond enables the creation of alternative versions of herstories in which grandmothers, as delegates of the past, teach granddaughters in the present how to cope with the future. “The grandmotherly turn”, however, marks above all the emergence of the figure of the Polish grandmother, enabling granddaughters to speak about themselves (and them also) in their own voice.

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O wyobrażeniach kulturowych i percepcyjnych w monografiach Stefanii Skwarczyńskiej. Czego możemy dowiedzieć się od romantyków?

Author(s): Mariusz Gołąb / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article deals with the problem of the literary image presented in the research by Stefania Skwarczyńska. The conception of the ‘image chains’ [polish: ‘łańcuchy obrazowe’] is analysed in Skwarczyńska’s theoretical works and monographs about J. Słowacki and A. Mickiewicz. The author argues that the Polish theorist’s conception of a literary image is shaped by the impact of two complementary media lines. The first is the meaning of the static and petrified in language formula of culture tradition. The other, is the problem of visual perception. Romanticism is interpreted as a general example of this process in Skwarczyńska’s monographies. The reference of the “isomorphism” notion by R. Arnheim is used to explain how Skwarczyńska’s works present this process of shaping literary image. The artistic categories of a colour and shape and the emotional aspects of poetic language are presented as the predominant problems for Skwarczyńska’s theory. These elementary aspects of poetic language can be interpreted as the phenomena that represents the activity of observation. The author reveals how these selected categories let Skwarczyńska construct the preliminary aspects of the visual problems of contemporary culture. Such theoretical perspectives, as observed in the works of the Polish theorist, results in Romanticism appearing as an example of a new way of seeing which results in aesthetic and perceptual changes in contemporary culture. Thus, Romanticism is shown as the example that leads Skwarczyńska to elaborate on the concept of “applied literature” as well. It shows how her theoretic take is linked to the description of culture changes or non-linguistic perception and the cultural phenomena of the likes of photography and film.

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Juan Manuel Torres w drodze do literackiego raju między Polską a Meksykiem

Author(s): Agnieszka Hudzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The essay is dedicated to the work of the Mexican writer and film director Juan Manuel Torres (1938–1980), who had lived in Łódź in the 1960s for many years and studied directing at the film school there. His prose is strongly influenced by Polish literature and culture. Torres’ work is currently experiencing a rediscovery: the historical-critical edition of his Obras completas [Collected Works] was recently published (2020 and 2021) by the Mexican publishing press Nieve de Chamoy (two volumes so far, the last third is announced for the end of 2023). The aim of this paper is to present and interpret Torres’ literary work and to outline its biographical, historical, and theoretical contexts. What concept of literature and art can be found in his autofiction? In Torres’ work, the reality of the Cold War meets the atmosphere of the sexual revolution of the 1960s. The author registers changes in the sexual morality and deconstructs gender stereotypes. In his prose, one can find some (for his times) provocative motifs, such as abortion, homosexuality or ménage à trois. Torres combines them with a complex poetological reflection on the crisis of representation and the role of art in the light of the beginning of postmodernism and the idea of the “literature of exhaustion.” The essay consists of five parts. After discussing the latest edition and introducing the life and work of Torres, I present the literary contexts in which his writing can be placed. The fourth part is devoted to the collection of his short stories El viaje [The Journey], which contains the most interesting texts for the Polish audience in the discussed edition. The last part is a sketch of Torres understanding of literature and art. The focus is on the intertextual allusions to Central European modernism, especially to works by Bruno Schulz and Hermann Broch.

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Żywotność Bachtinowskiej „poetyki czasoprzestrzeni” na przykładzie Prawieku i innych czasów oraz Empuzjonu Olgi Tokarczuk

Author(s): Karolina Korcz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article is an attempt to analyze the influence of Mikhail Bakhtin’s chronotope concept on the different ways of existence of time and space in two novels by Olga Tokarczuk: one of the earlier ones — Primeval and Other Times and the first one after receiving the Nobel Prize — Empuzjon. Space-time was recognized here as a key element of the writer’s work, influencing the plot structure of the works, manifesting itself simultaneously as a constructor of meanings and active formative force of values. The author, using motives that were an important element of Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope shows that time and space play an important role in shaping the ontological and epistemological dimension of human experience. One of the main goals of the article is to show that the creative implementation of these elements makes it possible to create autonomous stories, and how space (and time) as a cultural category is used to explore the issues of identity, history, culture, as well as the mental and human emotional condition in the relationship of us and the world.

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Kategoria przestrzeni w studiach nad adaptacją. Reprezentacja społecznych peryferii w Sąsiadach (Adriana Markowskiego i Grzegorza Królikiewicza)

Author(s): Robert Birkholc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article is devoted to the category of space in adaptation studies. As the author argues, it is necessary to develop transdisciplinary tools that link formalistic and cultural approaches in comparative studies. The author proposes to use spatial properties such as center-periphery, internal-external, open-closed, as analytical tools in studies of space that can break the above divisions. As he argues, these notions should be treated in research not only as textual qualities, but also as conceptual frameworks triggering many different associations and discourses. The text that shows the benefits of using these analytical tools are Sąsiady, a collection of short stories by Adrian Markowski, and its film adaptation by Grzegorz Królikiewicz. Creating a representation of people from the social peripheries, the director makes significant changes in relation to the literary text. Królikiewicz tries to make a viewer take a different look at the social peripheries. Various formal experiments serve this purpose, above all the play with space, which is at the same time a play with social discourses. The author characterizes center-periphery, internal-external, open-closed relationships in both texts. He not only points out differences between literary and film text but shows how both media can think “about space” and think “through space.”

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PESNIKOV GROZAN SAN: ISTINA O SAVRŠENSTVU

Author(s): Eryk Ostrowski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2006

Samo saznanje nije bezopasno. Nakon njega život nema više nikakvog daljeg smisla. O tome govori slavni stih Vislave Šimborske „Utopija“, u kome je sve spoznato i određeno. Šimborska tada čak nije ni pokušala da smesti život u to savršenstvo, jer za njega u njemu nema mesta, s obzirom na to da sve što znamo nije savršeno.

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Wyjście z cienia. „Celebrytyzacja” polskiej powieści kryminalnej (i jej autorów) w XXI wieku. Rozpoznanie

Author(s): Jarosław Klejnocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The text deals with change in the approach to crime novels and the status of their authors from the audience’s perspective in the times of the “militia novel” present in the People’s Republic of Poland up to democratic times, after the political changes post-1989. The authors of police crime novels in the People’s Republic of Poland very often hid their personal details under pseudonyms - whether out of shame or due to the protection of personal dignity. In democratic times they began to publish under their own names, because the creation of detective or thriller novels was no longer subject to political censorship, nor was it marked a sign of alleged support for the communist regime. The possibilities of the free market and the freedom of expression in democratic Poland after 1989 enabled the authors of crime and thriller novels to gain both real popularity and fair earnings. The most recognizable and popular authors of crime and thriller literature have become not only the inhabitants of the collective imagination, but also the objects of gossip, sensational news (of course not always reliable), as well as important people within mass culture. The article discusses - in general - both the shape of the militia novel from the times of the People’s Republic of Poland and its direction of development - also generally - of contemporary crime fiction in Poland, paying attention to both its specific or original aspects (e.g. the retro-crime subgenre, which seems to be a kind of Polish specialty) as well as inspirations with crime stories - mainly - European (especially the Scandinavian model of socially engaged crime fiction). In conclusion, the text outlines the evolution of Polish crime thriller prose from the crude model of a militia novel to a full-fledged and bloody model of a contemporary crime thriller set in a democratic and free-market world.

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Zabawy mędrców Antoniego Wysockiego – powieść z życia akademików krakowskich XVI wieku

Author(s): Dorota Samborska‑Kukuć / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2023

Zabawy mędrców – a novel by Antoni Godziemba Wysocki, a forgotten writer, an eccentric and intellectual from Lviv, was published in the interwar period and became a literary event. Re viewers unanimously emphasized his innovative approach to history. It was not the historical novel that readers were used to, both in terms of idea and form. Placing the action inside the Krakow Academy in the 16th century, at the turn of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, was supposed to demonstrate the pathology of education that was dominated by dogma and scholasticism against the background of the daily life of those days. In order to achieve that, the author allegedly worked on his book for over twenty years, thoroughly studying the sources: rare papers, manuscripts and numerous dissertations about the history of the Jagiellonian University. Consequently, a vivid (but strongly biased and clearly depreciating the Middle Ages) study of a few teachers came into life. The professors and bachelors, who had authentic prototypes, were shown through psychoanalytical examination in search of their complexes and personality disorders that limited their mental and didactic work. Wysocki’s work: cool, intellectual, and allusive, it was a unique but one sided presentation of Polish culture during the times of the last Jagiellon, but above all, it was a type of warning that concerned the condition and future of Polish education after gaining independence.

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Warto czytać Konopnicką

Author(s): Iwona Przybysz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2023

Review of: Maria Konopnicka, Tam, w moim kraju, w dalekiej stronie, wybór tekstów Marta Niewieczerzał, Maciej Skowera, wybór ilustracji Janusz Górski, wstęp Ewelina Rąbkowska, posłowie Dawid Maria Osiński, Biblioteka Publiczna Miasta Stołecznego Warszawy – Biblioteka Główna Województwa Mazowieckiego, Warszawa 2022, ss. 156

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Zwierciadło człowieczeństwa: wizje sztucznej inteligencji w prozie Stanisława Lema i Philipa K. Dicka

Author(s): Jacek Sobota / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2023

This paper concentrates on the visions of artificial intelligence depicted by two outstanding 20thcentury writers: Philip K. Dick and Stanisław Lem. Despite the world of differences dividing both writers concerning creative temperament, writing technique, ways of depicting the world, they both shared a common belief that the technology that will give the defining shift and shape over the 21st century will be artificial intelligence. In the context of substantially growing significance and the increasing multiplicity of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and algorithms focused on interfering with human life (weak AI, unaware of its existence), the visions of Philip K. Dick and Stanisław Lem not only score disturbingly well on topicality but also seem extremely interesting from the point of view of philosophy and ethics. Of course, the works of Lem and Dick do not claim any plausible form of scientific realism, even though both writers wrote their books – at least partially – based on the available scientific knowledge). Still, they offer very interesting perspectives. The anthropological and allegorical aspects in Lem and Dick are particularly noteworthy – artificial intelligences are shown as a kind of anthropological mirror that reflects (perhaps a slightly distorted) image of Homo sapiens. But maybe it is the other way around? Maybe it is human beings who are the mirror that reflects artificial intelligence – the mirror that duplicates and multiplies human shortcomings and virtues.

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