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Regionalitätskonzepte – Ungarische Literaturgeschichtsschreibung nach 1945 im Kontext der rumänischen Literaturgeschichte

Author(s): Ferenc Vincze / Language(s): German Issue: 1-2/2022

In the discourse of 20th and 21st century Hungarian literary history writing the aspect of regionality is recurrently present, primarily in relation to minority/ethnic Hungarian literature. The positions and relations of these literatures can be inferred not only from the perspective of their naming and designation, but also from the way they are discussed or even represented as books. The study attempts to show the regionality formations in the history of Hungarian literature, which in mutual reflection, overlapping and displacement, have tried to gain a dominant position in the discourse on Hungarian literature. As a point of comparison, the essay also includes the regionality phenomena of Romanian literature in the field of interpretation.

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The image of Hungarian Literature as a polysystem in Serbia: A brief overview

Author(s): Marko Čudić / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

The paper offers a general overview of the place that Hungarian literature occupies in the polysystem of translated literature in Serbia. Unlike established philological disciplines with a longer tradition (English, German, French or Russian philology), which offer several different historical overviews of the history of a given literature, thus enabling the experts, the students and the general public to gain a more systematic insight into the respective literatures, there has only been one history of Hungarian literature published in Serbia so far. Given the fact that it was published back in 1976, and that many aspects of its methodology and insights have become outdated, it is an urgent necessity to produce a new work on the subject, specifically for the Serbian readership.

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“Funeral oration and prayer” – From the 12th century to the present

Author(s): István Ladányi / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

This study is a representative text written as part of the project “Hungarian Literary Culture in a Transcultural Perspective”. It aims to convey to readers versed in other cultures the effects of the first complete text in the Hungarian language, the “Funeral Oration and Prayer” (Halotti Beszéd és Könyörgés), as an element of the living literary tradition manifesting in writing and reading. The study consists in a commented and annotated version of the basic text that will serve as a basis for the chapters adapted to the specificities of the different language versions of the book. The text gives a brief overview of 12th century Hungarian texts, and then introduces several 20th century Hungarian poems that share as their precursor the “Funeral Oration and Prayer”.

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Baroque tradition in early Romanticism • Grounding the modern literary canon in Hungary

Author(s): Sándor Bene / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

The elaboration of a canon of literary tradition was a key issue within the renewal of Hungarian literature at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The leading figures of the movement, Ferenc Kazinczy (1759–1831) and Ferenc Kölcsey (1790–1838), both saw Miklós Zrínyi's (1620–1664) poetry collection Adriai tengernek Syrenaia (Syrena of the Adriatic Sea), published in 1651, as a model that offered aesthetic value, national ideology, and an example for reforming the literary language. The present study examines the extent to which these aspirations may be linked to the poetic modernity of Zrínyi's time, the first half of the 17th century, and concludes that the Syrena volume was not simply a model for the successors, but it can be philologically proven that Kazinczy and his circle (mainly by following Francis Bacon) continued the agenda initiated by Zrínyi. In this sense, the waves of modernity do not follow one another, but are layered on top of one another in the history of Hungarian literature.

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“From now on, Kolozsvár is always the way the train takes us home…” • (The appearance of the Trianon theme in contemporary Hungarian fiction)

Author(s): Júlia-Réka Vallasek / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

One characteristic of fiction is its ability to shape collective knowledge of the past, to create images of the past that can persist for generations – and as a consequence, for generations without direct experience, these images embody the past. In my study, I seek to answer the question how the memory of the transitions of power that ended the First World War is represented in contemporary Hungarian novels (published after 2000), and what other concepts are linked to the notion of the Treaty of Trianon. In the novels of Barbara Bauer, Zsuzsa Selyem, Magda Szabó, Andrea Tompa, János Térey and Gábor Vida, the theme is conveyed with different approaches, a varying significance, in a prose language that is distinctly different in each case, but at the same time is integral to the individual oeuvre of each author.

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Women writers and the possibility of a women's literary tradition in Transylvanian Hungarian literature

Author(s): Imre József Balázs / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

Within the regional literary canon of Transylvanian Hungarian literature, female authors had a marginal position during the last century, as a quantitative methodology can show. The objective of the paper is to point out the structural dimensions of this marginalization, through exploring patterns in the reception of women authors, and characteristics of the literary field of Transylvanian Hungarian literature. The question is whether thematic or genre issues, the prestige of certain literary and cultural forms (like memoirs, children's literature, theatre etc.) affected during the past century the canonical position of female authors. The analysis outlines a possible structure of a women's literary tradition.

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Mystifications. The role of pseudonyms in postmodern Hungarian literature

Author(s): Zoltán Németh / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

This study focuses on literary mystification, which has become extremely common in Central European postmodern literature in recent decades. Mystification is essentially a game related to the authorial name, to pseudonyms, masks and various alter egos. The paper attempts to separate three procedures of postmodern text creation by considering the aspect of mystification: early postmodern text creation, based on the principle of imitation; areferential postmodernism, based on simulation, and the anthropological postmodern, which is present through a transitive strategy. The study analyses the pseudonymised works, among others, of István Baka, Árpád Tőzsér, Péter Esterházy, Lajos Parti Nagy, András Ferenc Kovács and Zoltán Csehy.

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The phenomena of transculturalism and translingualism in the context of contemporary Hungarian Literature

Author(s): Magdalena Roguska-Németh / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

The paper discusses two defining phenomena of recent years: transculturalism and translingualism in the context of contemporary Hungarian literature. The first part of the article deals with the theoretical basis of transculturalism and focuses on the relationship between transculturalism and literature. The second part presents the most significant translingual authors of Hungarian origin and lists some of the most typical characteristics of their works. Finally, the paper poses a question about the place of translingual writers in the canon of national literature.

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The representation of the 1989 regime change in contemporary Hungarian prose texts

Author(s): Éva Bányai / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

A fundamental segment of contemporary Hungarian prose literature has attempted to represent and textually portray the change in political regimes which took place in 1989. The dictatorship, the totalitarian system and the subsequent transition period proved to be excellent raw material; resulting in a very different kind of prose which, when compared to previous representations of Transylvania, elicits attention on the one hand by being distinctly separate from the assumption of an ideological role, and on the other hand by creating the given linguistic and fictional space through continuous transition(s), (inter-ethnic) in-betweenness and the relevance of otherness.

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Hungarian queer: The chances of a paradigm in writing Hungarian literary history

Author(s): Zoltán Csehy / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

The study discusses the possibilities of the scholarly processing of Hungarian queer literature. In particular, it takes into account the diversity of interpretive strategies and focuses on methods that can productively liberate canonized interpretations and act subversively against the expropriation and manipulation of literary texts. The imported categories of queer study of literature can often only be applied with modifications to Hungarian and Central European literature. The author argues that queer interpretation is not a stigma, nor is it a trademark, but a field of freedom.

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“The inventory of possible realities” – Structures seen from above: Contemporary Hungarian literature and the epimodern theory of Emmanuel Bouju

Author(s): Csaba Horváth / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

After the fall of Communism a new generation started its career in Hungarian literature. They invented a new literary concept based on the experience that modernity had liquidated the language and postmodernity dispersed meaning. The most important feature of this concept was that realistic and postmodern expectations should not be confronted as opposites. This perspective appears in many books and many articles by Emmanuel Bouju, offering a possibility to link the three consecutive steps of a continuity through six epimodern values that can be perceived as a bridge overarching the different periods of art and literature. Several authors and works of contemporary Hungarian literature show strong parallels with the international literary process. Tranquility by Attila Bartis, The White King by György Dragomán and Pixel by Krisztina Tóth can be linked to Bouju's theory. In my approach the aforementioned novels use different branches of art as a sort of prism in order to understand the “preposterous aspects of the present and the past” (Boym). As Emmanuel Bouju's essay enables us to define the trinity of Modernism, Post-modernism and contemporary After-Postmodernism as a whole in which ruptures may be considered as three steps of the same continuity, the Hungarian books examined here are works that have re-claimed the validity of the coherence of the story whilst, as a heritage of the postmodern, they have also preserved skepticism regarding master narratives.

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Chapters from the history of the Hungarian Playwrights' Union: The Hungarian Playwrights' Association from its conception until its foundation (1898–1904)

Author(s): Emese Lengyel / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

The Hungarian Playwrights' Association was founded on 7 January, 1904, with the aim of providing moral and financial protection to theatre authors and the developing Hungarian stage. In its first incarnation it lasted until March 1919, and was subsequently re-established in December 1920. Like so many associations at that time, the Association was dissolved by ministerial decree on 8 December, 1950. The legal situation of playwrights at the time, along with the lack of adequate representation of their interests, prompted the Hungarian cultural sector to protect their rights by setting up an appropriate body of self-representation, following the examples of foreign countries. The association is of great importance in the history of the self-organisation and interest representation of Hungarian artists, as it was the first such independent Hungarian representative body.

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A repülés igézete. A társas élet hevülete és az irodalom színrevitele: Sarkadi Imre sorstragédiája

Author(s): Zsolt K. Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2023

Being a well-known and respected writer of his time, the circumstances of Imre Sarkadi’s tragic death have seriously altered the reception of his literary oeuvre. Although literary theory usually does not consider the author to be essential to the reception of his work, the early tragic death of a writer or poet (especially if it is a suicide) not only puts the author in the centre, but also re-tunes the oeuvre itself. Using Jeffrey C. Alexander’s theory of social performance and Erving Goffman’s frame analysis, this paper will show, in the context of Sarkadi, how the oeuvre becomes a document of the tragic death. Furthermore, the paper explores how Sarkadi’s literary work is absorbed by his tragic death turned into a social performance.

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Hangok a sorok között. A 18–19. századi énekelt költészet nyomában

Author(s): István Csörsz Rumen / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2023

The essay explains the most important functions of Hungarian sung poetry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In the Mediaeval European model, the poet was often a composer as well (like the troubadours etc.), but it was not characteristic in Hungary in the Early Modern period, and later was also rare. At the end of the eighteenth century, two poets, Mihály Csokonai Vitéz (1773–1805), and Ferenc Verseghy (1757–1822) were considered to be trained musicians, but perhaps only Verseghy, a Pauline monk, a liturgical musician, and a harp player was active as a composer. The majority of the poets used the ad notam ‘on the tune’ method, which was a constant technique in Hungarian poetry since the sixteenth century. They wrote their poems/songs based on a concrete melody, or marked the opening line or title of another song, whose tune the new lyrics could be sung with. It somewhat reflected the author’s conception, but the ráfogás method (in the nineteenth century) hung only on the public, the new singers. They matched e.g. Sándor Petőfi’s poems with free, popular melodies or folk songs. The concrete song-compositions (composing melodies for the existing poems) came into focus in this period, when professional composers wrote new melodies to the poems. Others, like János Arany, the excellent poet, who played the guitar in his later years, did the same.

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Hát megjöttek!

Author(s): Péter Demény / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 07/2023

Pertics Gergő: Megjöttek a döngetők. K.E.R.T. Kiadó, Bp. 2023.

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A világ bennünk, mi a világban

Author(s): Tamás Gusztáv Filep / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 08/2023

Csapody Miklós: A világ mibennünk. Tanulmányok, esszék. Magyar Napló Kiadó, Bp., 2022.

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„A minden sosem elmondható.” Szilágyi Júliával beszélget Korpa Tamás

Author(s): Júlia Szilágyi,Tamás Korpa / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 09/2023

A major interview with essayist Júlia Szilágyi on contemporary Hungarian literature and the problems of Hungarian culture and society.

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Tündöklő sötét

Author(s): Péter Demény / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 09/2023

Hetényi Zsuzsa: Nyugati, Keleti. Ogyesszától Odesszáig, 1973–2023. Kalligram, Bp., 2023.

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ХАМВАШ ЗА ЕВРОПА И НЕЈЗИНИОТ ОДНОС КОН ОСТАНАТИОТ СВЕТ, МИТОТ ЗА НАУКАТА И САМОТИЈАТА

Author(s): Zlatko Panzov / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 81/2023

This text discusses Béla Hamvas’s specific philosophical view of Europe and its attitude to Asia, myth, science and loneliness. Béla Hamvas is one of the greatest thinkers of the twentieth century – he studied the European tradition, philosophy and culture, and in his works manages easily to connect the East and the West, Asia and Europe, attempting, thereby, to form an overall picture of history, culture and the relation of Europe toward the Other. He persistently traces the reasons when and how the development of humanity breaks down and enters a dead-end. In examining European traditions and cultures, he is interested in those lines that were neglected. The text analyzes how, through its history, Europe measures the rest of the world from a “cultural height”, that is, the parts that it knows and about which it formulates assessments and assumptions. The cultural influences from Asia enriched the Eastern Mediterranean, this is how “the Greek wonder” that covers all of the Mediterranean begins. Religion, philosophy and art get their first specific characteristics, even the canons that will be followed for a long time, without anyone being allowed to oppose them. Béla Hamvas is an author whose alternative worldview is yet to be examined and analyzed. In the last few years, most of his output was published, but he still remains unknown for the Hungarian and European reading public.

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Not Only by Accident. Arthur Koestler’s Reception in Post-war Hungary, 1945–1948

Author(s): Zénó Vernyik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article is the first part of a series of publications on Arthur Koestler’s reception in Hungary during its transition to Communism. Given the author’s iconic status as an anti-Communist writer, it is reasonable to suppose that his texts would have been banned and his name rarely uttered, much less printed, in Hungary before the 1989 regime change. It is thus not surprising that this view is virtually uncontested by scholars both in Hungary and beyond. Yet, as shown here on the basis of thirty-one articles published between April 1945 and June 1948 in Hungarian dailies, journals, and magazines, at least in this early and transitional period, Koestler’s writing is not only frequently mentioned but actively discussed. Furthermore, through a closer analysis of the contents of these texts, five specific categories of mentions are identified: (1) Koestler cited as a journalist reporting on contemporary events; (2) his opinion quoted as that of an authority figure; (3) polemics towards Koestler’s views; (4) reports on the foreign reception of Hungarian literature, including Koestler; and (5) Koestler used as a public scapegoat.

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