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L’expérience-limite du rire chez Georges Bataille

Author(s): Wafa Ghorbel / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Laughter is a real "limit-experience", in Georges Bataille's work: it is a practice of the body coupled with a movement of thought that continues in and extends to the language itself. It is a tragic, black laughter, as opposed to Bergson's blank, innocuous laughter, of a paroxysmal moment of protest introducing the bursting into the text and into the characters. While shaking their bodies with uncontrolled jolts, he testifies to the stirring up of the commonplaces of their thoughts. Unmeasured and uncontrollable, major, sovereign, he releases the energies. Pure expenditure, like tears, it arises during transgressive moments of excesses, ecstatic and thanatic, dissolves the limits of being, ensures communication with the Other by opening on the unknown, the impossible, the non-knowing.

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Nathalie Sarraute et l’ironie du Silence

Author(s): Elena Simina Bădărău / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Especially known as a novelist, Nathalie Sarraute is also interested in theatre, although she doesn't actually follow its traditional rules. Accordingly, there are no real characters in her writings, no discourse or linguistic identity. On the other hand, one can notice significant efforts to keep up with the reality, which is ironic, even dramatic. Moreover, the sole character who seems to have a name, Jean-Pierre, simply intensifies the endless void closing in upon characters, for he obstinately remains silent. In a word, this very silence ends up by losing its neutral, calm nature, making thus room for anxiety. Ironically, at the end of the play, the individual conscience, as well as the collective conscience, is about to collapse.

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Humour, ironie et auto-ironie chez Marie Desplechin, auteure de littérature de jeunesse

Author(s): Roxana Matei / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The comic has been an integral part of youth literature since the 19th century, when Hetzel and Hachette began to publish books with the purpose of teaching through entertaining. It is difficult to give precise definitions to the comic, the comic being confused with humor. Nowadays, the comic is perceived by children from the earliest years of life, the authors taking into account the power of understanding of each age. The stories for the little ones are full of simple word games, provoking a colorful, naive, spontaneous laugh. The approach of young children is self-centered, they laugh and have fun, getting into the skin of the characters. The comic relaxes and surprises them, but it does not make them want to dig deeper or wonder why it suddenly intervenes in the story. As for the teenage readers, their relationships to the various facets of comics change. For them, the comic has no longer the role of just laughing. It can also boast of its power of dramatization and contest.

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Bénarès de Barlen Pyamootoo entre le minimalisme et le nouveau roman

Author(s): Zlatorossa Nedeltcheva-Bellafante / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The present paper undertakes to trace some specificities of the novel Bénarès by the French speaking writer from the island of Mauritius Barlen Pyamootoo. With its clear-cut form and plot, as well as with the simplicity of its language, the work presents certain features which position it closer to minimalism, yet at the same time there are also some others which resonate with the characteristics of the so-called Nouveau Roman.

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La peste – maladie ou activité démoniaque ? Les récits des pestes dans “les Histoires admirables” de Benoît Gonon

Author(s): Marta Elżbieta Trębska / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In his “Histoires admirables” (Lyon, 1653), Benoît Gonon, a little-known author of short exemplary novels, tells many stories about horrific cases of pestilence sweeping and tormenting people in various parts of the world throughout the ages – from late Antiquity to more recent plague of the XIVth century which took Europe by storm. Gonon sees those gruesome stories as an excellent opportunity to teach his readers an important lesson and ask whether such an event could possibly be, rather than a natural phenomenon, an ultimate punishment sent by the wrath of God. One of the sins that could demand such a punishment is idolatry, considered by Gonon himself, to be the most reprehensible of all the sins. It is merely surprising then, that in his stories, the pestilence is being depicted as a demon – or an idol. In this paper, I am going to explore the stories about pestilence in “Histoires admirables” and answer the questions about the nature of pestilence. Which crimes could lead to people being punished in such a way? How to appease God’s wrath? Can pestilence manifest itself by demonic activity?

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La jalousie dans "Les Diversitez" de Jean-Pierre Camus

Author(s): Witold Konstanty Pietrzak / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Literary career of Jean-Pierre Camus started with his admiration for Montaigne’s “Essais” which became the pattern of his first work, “Les Diversitez”. The tome IX of this rich collection of various forms concerns passions of the soul and scholars are unanimous in considering it as the foundation of his religious teaching, both by word and by writing. Contrary to medical and moral thought in force at the threshold of modernity, the bishop of Belley believes passions are neutral, neither good nor bad, and acquire their meaning by the use man makes of them. This is in particular the case of jealousy which the writer understands as an effect of love. Yet in his treaty of passions the author describes on just several pages only the jealousy of God and for more details he refers the reader to two other places of “Les Diversitez” where, he says, he has already raised the issue of this feeling. In fact, a chapter of the tome II and a letter of the tome VIII deal with the problem of human jealousy. This paper first shows different discursive forms that Camus uses to analyze jealousy. Then it focuses on the author’s definition of jealousy, ‘desire for exclusive possession of the loved object’, and on its effects – often tragical, always painful – in the daily life of spouses. Finally, it appears that the author’s taste for dichotomous presentation of passions leads him to childish images of jealous God and implicitly to an inacceptable hypothesis of jealousy of the creature in front of a supposedly unfaithful God.

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“Le journal pour Mlle de Menou” : exemple de l’art de vivre en réclusion

Author(s): Monika Kulesza / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This article presents a hybrid work by Mme de Murat, “Le Journal pour Mlle de Menou”, written between 1708 and 1709 in the château de Loches where the countess was exiled. Mme de Murat copes with the oppression of royal power by leading a life similar to that from which she was cut off. She finds consolation in the writing of the diary and affection for her cousin, she writes poems and organises literary and social life in exile demonstrating freedom of her spirit.

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« Un vif sentiment de plaisir ». L’art de vivre à la marocaine selon Eugène Delacroix et Tahar Ben Jelloun

Author(s): Małgorzata Sokołowicz / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The present paper focuses on the travel of Eugène Delacroix to Morocco (first six months of 1832) and his accounts given in his travel notes, letters and an unfinished travelogue, “Souvenirs d’un voyage dans le Maroc”. The writings of the famous painter are contrasted with the book by a Moroccan writer, Tahar Ben Jelloun, “Lettre à Delacroix” (2005). The aim of the paper is to define the art of living “à la marocaine” according to the French painter and the Moroccan writer. It is done in three parts. The first one is devoted to the beauty of Moroccan landscapes, horses and architecture. The second focuses on the art of dressing : the beauty of the inhabitants of the country and the elegance of their cloths. The last part discusses Moroccan traditions, based – according to Delacroix – on Antiquity.

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L’art beauvoirien de (re)vivre la mutilation sous le diktat de l’Histoire et du temps

Author(s): Anna Ledwina / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Simone de Beauvoir’s texts show the acute presence of history in the writer’s life, and the futility of individual human actions, a sense of meaningless life, which contrasts with the author’s optimistic vision of the world. For this reason, the human being feels lost and crippled, especially a woman for whom the reality of war means alienation, anxiety, inability to fulfill the dream of unity with another person. This approach allows the author, who is an existentialist, to pay special attention to gender antagonism and social roles assigned to the eternally (dominant) man and (subordinate) woman. Beauvoir’s writing becomes the cry of an individual forced to face his own helplessness, failure and tragedy of the world. Struggling with loneliness, the feminine characters, disappointed, subject to the dictates of time, live only in the present, bereft of the past and future, by the fault of the Other. However, despite being aware of failure they fight against adversity in search for a better life.

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Traces, origine et mémoire Éléments de déplissage des plis identitaires dans "Aya dans les villes" d’Abdelwahab Meddeb

Author(s): Atmane Bissani / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Our paper aims at analysing the notion of the “city” as a track in Abdelwahab Meddeb’s work, starting from Aya dans les villes (Montpellier, Fata Morgana, 1999), seeing the trace as a mnemonic indicator leading, in Meddeb’s case, to the abolishing of One origin and, de facto, to the revelation of the origin disseminated here and there. Our reflection proceeds, mathematically, to smoothing, and therefore, philosophically, to deconstructing the traces included/folded in the corners and recesses of the cities visited and revisited by the narrating-character. The city, as we consider it here, functions as a metaphor of the trace of belonging to the universally human and to the humanly composite. This is what we aim drifting into: dealing with the poetics of the spatial hybrid (the city) evoked and stipulated by the temporal hybrid (the memory), containing traces as folds.

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Autour d’un théorème de Brouwer et à travers une poésie de Baudelaire

Author(s): Sânziana Caraman,Lorelei Caraman / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

What does the hairy ball theorem have in common with one of the most famous French poets of all time? Going around Charles Baudelaire’s words, can one come across topology? And working around the idea of infinity, can one come across the transdisciplinary embrace of both metaphors and functions? From literary tropes to fixed points, from Baudelaire to Brouwer, and from the concrete to the abstract, this paper sets out to playfully explore the invisible lines uniting together, around and across, the power of poetics and the beauty of mathematics.

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Cercles brisés du désespoir et de l'amour dans Madame Bovary de Gustave Flaubert

Author(s): Diana Gradu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Located either in the centre or on the periphery of the vital circle of the men who cross her existence (Charles, Leon, Rodolphe), Emma Bovary often remains without direction and all that she knows in her short life is made of vicious circles. And yet, nothing announced it. Emma is a young girl, beautiful, fed with romantic dreams and hopeless hopes. Anything that could have saved her destroys her. In Madame Bovary, this emblem full of significant resources will be broken, destroyed, annihilated, hoped for, dreamed of and redone with an art that only Gustave Flaubert could be capable of. It is true that this dance of feelings, sensations, desires and falls brought him a trial, but also an irrefragable posterity.

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La « géographie » des textes lecléziens

Author(s): Mihaela Iuliana DUDEANU / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

J-M. G. Le Clézio’s literary work is built around several recurrent elements that have us think of the author’s biography and how he perceives and uses, in his texts, various places from all over the world. However, as we are following his characters, we notice that they share a path with their creator. In this study we attempt to retrace their steps in order to identify the type of movement that governs them, and see if the characters leave without returning or if, on the contrary, they feel the need to return to the same place.

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Georges Didi-Huberman

Author(s): Tomasz Swoboda / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

If the author of The Eye of History has accustomed us to his way of finding passages between the human and the non-human, between the animate and the inanimate, between words and images, by highlighting these small flying insects in his three collections of essays, he not only imitates their way of being and applies it to the volatility of his own attempts but also, as he often does, he accounts for a certain possibility, namely that of thinking by insects, instead of thinking for oneself. Indeed, far from reducing them to a simple figure of speech, Didi-Huberman allows stick insects, moths but especially fireflies, to metamorphose thought itself to open it up to other possibilities, in particular those of the nocturnal and of the invisible. This article verifies these possibilities and sketches this “phasmatic” poetics, which goes beyond the border of poetics proper to lead to questions such as the approach of traces or the ephemeral.

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Francis Ponge

Author(s): Laurent Demoulin / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

By seeking to mimic by their rhetoric the animals they describe, the poems of Francis Ponge’s Parti pris des choses or Pièces give them a formal existence. After evoking a vigorous exchange between Francis Ponge and the American critic Bruce Morrissette, who reproached the poet for indulging in anthropomorphism, we will read a passage in which Ponge clearly claims this mimetic poetics with the formula “A rhetoric by object”. Then, we will illustrate it by analyzing a poem that Jean-Paul Sartre had commented in an article of 1944: “The butterfly”. Thus, we will show that Ponge gives a formal existence to the animals he describes and takes into account their being in the world – which is a way to defend them.

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Secouer le lecteur

Author(s): Anna Maziarczyk / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

To highlight ecological issues, the contemporary novel seeks new ways of telling a story and, for example, turns to exploitation of an unusual narrative perspective. This is the case of Vincent Message’s "Défaite des maîtres et possesseurs", where the narration is provided by an alien, representing a society that colonizes our planet and reduces humans to the role of beasts. Drawing on theories of unnatural storytelling and reflections on ecological questions, this article explores how this logically impossible storytelling works in favor of nature.

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La réduction de l’humanité à l’animalité dans quelques récits d’Henri Michaux

Author(s): Agnieszka Kukuryk / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to show how Henri Michaux, a poet of Belgian origin, with the eye of a zoologist, or rather of a naturalist, restores man to nature, and thus to a certain animalism that includes Asian and European populations. The paper will analyze stories in which the narrator refers to human animality, establishing liminal zones that allude to or mistakenly recall phases of anthropogenesis and in which unusual forms of cooperation between humans and animals are established. In turn, the discovery of animality in its strangeness allows the author to radicalize and generalize the experience of otherness.

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Doggerland d’Élisabeth Filhol – une terre (im)possible?

Author(s): Judyta Zbierska-Mościcka / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The title of Elisabeth Filhol’s novel, Doggerland, a piece of the European continent submerged by a gigantic tsunami, becomes a pretext to reflect on the relationship between man and nature, on the condition of the planet and on the responsibility for the current climate crisis. The writer subtly combines a description of the condition of the Earth with the emotional state of the characters.

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Les marines des écrivains belges

Author(s): Christophe Meurée / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Is nowadays every narrative an ecofiction? From now on, the ecological concern seems to have become a true stereotype in Western contemporary literature, reflecting global emergency and its inherent feeling of imminent catastrophe. This paper aims at showing how this concern emerges in what appears to be anecdotal descriptions of the sea in Belgian literature, through three different literary works: André-Marcel Adamek, François Emmanuel and Jean-Philippe Toussaint. The paper will thus try to analyse why seascapes carry such a strong ecological concern and why they seem to be essential to the narrative structure of each one of those authors’ works.

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Le coeur des ténèbres revisité?

Author(s): Izabella Zatorska / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The story of a hunter who gets hunted by himself, told by Babel, a “beautiful devil”, to a sociologist-cum-psychotherapist; the tale is both a thriller set in the mountains and a kind of fairy-tale relating the hunt for the monsters and the familiar demons of La Réunion; it echoes the hunting of fugitive native slaves as practiced by François Mussard… By a kind of death-leap the narrator-author présumé gets the chance to reshape his identity in a metaphysical space open to reality, after having brutalised a group of friends out on a fanciful hiking trip. As with Joseph Conrad, the adventure into the recesses of the soul – represented here by the ascent of an imaginary pic de la Sorcière –produces some horrible surprises which are nevertheless liberating.

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