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Ke vzniku a recepci Bassova protektorátního románu

Author(s): Erik Gilk / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

The present paper deals with the most extensive novel by Eduard Bass (1888–1946) Cirkus Humberto published in 1941. Although the novel was later produced as an operetta, a drama, a radio play and a TV series, literary historians have not inquired into this popular novel. On the other hand, there are many critical reviews of the period which document that the critical discussion was possible even in the third year of German occupation during the World War II. The study focuses on the genesis and critical reception of the novel and also attempts to interpret it as an update of the ideals of the Czech national revival. It is supposed that the conception of European history created by German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder was encoded in the novel. His theory on a positive future of Slavonic nations had a significant impact on the beginnings of the Czech national revival. A thematic connection between Cirkus Humberto and the first fiction Klapzubova jedenáctka by Bass can be also found here (1922).

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Estetika překvapení v prózách Jiřího Kratochvila jako překladatelský problém

Author(s): Zbyněk Fišer / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

Literary texts by Jiří Kratochvil are intentionally aesthetised by the strategy of surprise: the use of both non-standard language components (dialectisms, poetisms or anachronisms) and stylistically marked strategies is immensely prominent, therefore, it can be perceived as a feature of the style of the author. The poetics of blending various stylistic features has an antiillusive function of constantly warning the reader that they are reading a literary text. On the sample of German translations of three books by J. Kratochvil, the ways of realisation of the aesthetic strategies of the artificial, textual reality backed by the realism of the narration itself are examined.

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Podoby Salome v díle Jaroslava Vrchlického

Author(s): Soňa Šinclová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2017

In the 19th century, the image of Salome was transformed by significant changes that reflect contemporary social phenomena and changes in national literatures. Among the artists who depicted Salome in this period, whether in the context of Bible story or in the end of the century form of the femme fatale, Jaroslav Vrchlický forms an exception. In his work, it is possible to find several different images of Salome, which not only correspond to his artistic development, but at the same time they reflect his views foreign literatures, especially those from Western Europe, from which he was translating. The aim of the study is not only to describe the images of Salome in Vrchlický’s work, but also to incorporate the selected scenes or allusions to the story of John the Baptist’s beheading into the context of the author’s work and, last but not least, track down possible sources of inspiration that reflected themselves in the imagery of Salome, in Vrchlický’s translation work.

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Latinská humanistická literatúra v 16. storočí na Slovensku a jej vzťah k českému kontextu (Martin Rakovský a Juraj Koppay)

Author(s): Zuzana Kákošová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2017

The study is focused on authors from the 16th century, namely Martin Rakovsky and Juraj Koppay and scrutinizes the relationship of their work with the context of Czech literature and culture of the time. The author also presents the ways in which the Slovak authors became known for the wider cultural, academic and literary public in Bohemia and Moravia. The study shows that the Czech cultural and literary environment played an important role in the life and creative practice of Slovak humanists, they managed to successfully merge with the Czech environment and for many of them Bohemia became the second homeland.

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Zdeněk Kožmín a strukturalismus

Author(s): Ondřej Sládek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2016

Zdeněk Kožmín produced a wealth of inspiring literary interpretations, but he is also the author of a specific interpretation method. The present study deals with Kožmín’s relationship to structuralism, mapping the structuralist principles adopted by him and incorporated into his theoretical and methodological apparatus. The text outlines seven key principles (a work of art as a sui generis phenomenon, working with material, concept of the whole and structure, understanding a work of art as a sign, concept of a model, dynamics of structures, and dialectics). The author of the paper demonstrates that structural analysis of a literary work and description of structural formation became an indivisible part of Kožmín’s approach to interpretation of literary works. Nonetheless, Kožmín did not perceive structuralism as the only possible method of studying literary works, but rather as a point of departure, a support for developing an interpretative dialogue with a text. Kožmín’s unique contribution to Czech literary theory and criticism lies in enriching structuralism with the dimension of hermeneutics and a philosophical-existential perspective.

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Historické balady Rajmunda Habřiny

Author(s): Ester Nováková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

The present study analyses the collection of three historical ballads by Rajmund Habřina, Věnec z klokočí (The Garland of Bladdernut, 1941), in the context of his prosaic work. It follows the ballads’ thematic plans, the dominant motifs (notably the motif of victim and man’s fight against evil), language expressivity, and the depiction of fictional characters. The study also compares period reviews, points out the lyrical and dynamic dimensions of the texts as well as the fitting atmosphere of the narration. The baroquising style points to Jaroslav Durych or František Křelina as sources of inspiration; however, Habřina achieves neither their poetic qualities nor thoughtfulness. Nevertheless, this work of fiction deserves critical and readerly attention as an example of historical fiction written in the period of the Second World War and of lyrical-psychological prose as well.

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Pekař Jan Marhoul ze strukturalistické a fikčně světové perspektivy

Author(s): Bohumil Fořt / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2015

The study deals with a famous work of Czech modernism, Pekař Jan Marhoul by Vladislav Vančura. The novel has been examined from several theoretical perspectives, nevertheless, the major knowledge of the novel comes from the Prague School structuralists, namely Jan Mukařovský, Zdeněk Kožmín and Mojmír Grygar. The study overviews their investigations and compares them to the result delivered by the application of fictional worlds theory to the novel.

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Přátelství mezi básníky a intertextová dobrodružství

Author(s): Milan Suchomel / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2014

The review of: Roman Kopřiva: Internationalismus der Dichter. Einblicke Reiner Kunzes und Jan Skácels literarische Wechselbeziehungen. Mit einigen Bezügen zur Weltliteratur. Dresden: Universitätverlag & Buchhandel Eckhard Richter & Co. OHG 2013

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Obrazy ze života mezi ironií a snem. Máchova Marinka a kontury protorealismu v polovině 30. let 19. století

Author(s): Kateřina Piorecká / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2014

In the half of the 1830s the communication principles in the Czech language literary space underwent changes, as this space widened and differentiated in the competition of the parallel discourses – namely, fading away Classicism, strong entrance of the Romanticism and first realistic tendencies. It is just the genre of the „picture from life“ that enables us to distinctly perceive this dynamics: from its transfer to the Czech culture, i. e. the process of establishing and forming distinct variants in the frame of the mentioned discourses. Originally a journalistic genre, the „picture from life“ became popular belletristic form, substitute, in some measure, for the prestigious prosaic genres the story and the novel. It usually covered a short time period, was set in a clearly defined space determined by topographical motifs and it used first person narration by the autobiographical or the personal narrator. Mácha in his unfinished cycle Pictures from My Life led a dialogue with this trend, with his „Marinka“ standing in the middle of the literary field of the texts published in magazines in 1834–1835, which thematically and in language structure fulfill and modify the literary conventions of the „picture from life“ and reader expectations. At the same time, Marinka is its ironic „contrafactura“, which brought about one of the first controversies traditionally interpreted as the crystallization of the Romantic discourse. However, the controversy itself is rather an illustration of the parallel coexistence of several discourses and their mutual interaction, and thus an evidence of the possibility of penetrating literary methods, specific for different discourses, in one and the same literary work of art.

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Ke kategorii literárního prostoru

Author(s): Richard Změlík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2014

The study focuses on two main topics. The first theme discussed is the possibility to develop a theoretical-application model of a description of the literary category of space as a semantic quality; the second is a specific example – the special schemes and configurations in selected romanettos by Jakub Arbes. The theoretical part of the study is devoted to a method of describing special categories within a unified classification model, which is designed to reflect, on the one hand, the findings concerning the literary space up to date, but also to be functionally applicable within the frame of the contemporary approach to the description of literary-historical phenomena that draw from the so-called synoptic-pulsation modelling. The functionality of the proposed model is verified by means of its application to specific romanettos by Jakub Arbes, which are selected not only to represent various stages of Arbes’s work, but also de facto to reflect the general development of thematic transformations from the poetics of romanticism to realism in the Czech literature of the second half of the 19th century. From this viewpoint, Arbes’s writings are a transitory phenomenon, whose pulsation qualities can be, besides other categories, functionally reflected and described on the level of spatial schemes.

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The Role of Literature in Reconciling Trauma on Personal and Social Level

Author(s): Kristýna Bušková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

This paper outlines the role of narrative in experiencing and reconciling trauma from the viewpoint of psychology and illustrates the role of literature in trauma reconciliation. It argues that personal trauma related to social and political context cannot be fully reconciled without prompting a parallel reconciliation process on the social level. Literature is seen as a possible vehicle for initiating and facilitating such process. This point is illustrated by an example of two autobiographical books dealing with personal experiences from the Czechoslovak Communist era.

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The Spoils of an Existential Journey. An Interview with Writer Jiří Kratochvil

Author(s): Jiří Kratochvil,Zbyněk Fišer / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

An Interview with Writer Jiří Kratochvil.

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Romanická povaha Jungmannova překladu Chateaubriandovy Ataly

Author(s): Dalibor Tureček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2013

The study deals with Jungmann’s 1805 translation of Chateaubriand’s Atala. It focuses on romantic elements in the translation. Although these elements did not provoke any immediate response in the Czech context, they still functioned as a complex potentiality. 1805 may thus be considered as a turning point in Czech literary romanticism.

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„Nicht Jonny, Walzer spielt auf“ Komparativní úvaha nad žánrovými specifiky valčíku v opeře, beletrii a dramatice českého a rakouského fin de siècle

Author(s): Kristýna Celhofferová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2012

The paper focuses on the distinctive features of “waltz” in opera, belles-lettres, and drama of Czech and Austrian fin de siecle. The starting point of the paper is a reflection of waltz reflection in Hofmannsthal’s and Strauss’ opera “Rosenkavalier” and its concept of a Spieloper as a critique of contemporary aesthetism and a reception of this “waltz opera” in the Czech cultural kontext: Zdeněk Nejedlý and Max Brod tried to rethink this opera with regard to the ambivalent innovation of music-expressing facilities and waltz-anachronism. The study in its next step monitors Max Brod’s critical attitudes in the context of his own work. Futhermore, the study compares the use of the waltz in the works of the Austrian context of Arthur Schnitzler, Stefan Zweig and Joseph Roth with works of Jiří Karásek of Lvovice, Julius Zeyer, Jaroslav Kvapil, Josef and Karel Čapeks of the Czech context. In its final part the paper deals with an evocation of jazz adaptations of waltz in late prosaic and essayistic works of Stefan Zweig; finally these works are compared to Ernst Křenek’s opera “Jonny spielt auf” which connects jazz with an escape from the conventional European culture.

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Dům s pevnými základy…? Reflexe padesátých let v normalizační próze

Author(s): Alena Šidáková Fialová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2012

This study describes the image of the post-war history created in the prose of the 1970s and 1980s, especially in those socio-historical novels which were published officially and fulfilled political and ideological demands (in agreement with the government’s official document titled “Lessons from the Crisis: Development in the Party and Society after the 13th Congress of the Czechoslovak Communist Party”). It focuses especially on novels depicting the period of the beginning of the 1950s, usually called “Stalinism”, “Dogmatism” or “Cult of Personality”. It was interpreted as a victory, as well as the model for “the present” on the one hand, but, on the other hand, it was necessary to explain and re-interpret the events such as political injustice or forcible collectivization of agriculture. The study shows the fixed and preferred patterns and ideological model solutions, known from the older novels written in the socialist realism period, and describes the new possibilities, “the innovation” utilized by the Normalization writers to describe those periods and events. It characterizes the schemes, motifs and storylines often used to describe the period, and it also deals with the pattern of typical heroes (and the focus on intellectuals).

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Několik pohledů na tematizaci dítěte a výchovy v literatuře pozdního humanismu

Author(s): Jana Kolářová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2012

The study focuses on an analysis of several moralising treatises from the period of late Humanism, involving the themes of the child and upbringing. They are Theatrum Mundi Minoris by Nathanael Vodňanský of Uračov (1605), Třinácte tabulí věku lidského (The Thirteen Tables of the Ages of Man) by Bartholomew Paprocký of Hloholy (1601), Věk člověka (The Ages of Man) by Thobias Mouřenín of Litomyšl (c. 1604) and Dětinský řápek (A Baby Bottle) by Simon Lomnický of Budeč (1609). The study examines the ways in which the themes of childhood and upbringing are treated in the above mentioned works.

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Jiří Horák a adaptace české lidové pohádky

Author(s): Jaroslav Toman / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2011

The paper creates a career and research profile of Jiří Horák, a major Czech literary scholar and editor specializing in Slavonic, folkloristic and ethnographic studies. Its main focus is the comprehensive description of Horák’s original approach to the creative adaptation of Czech folk tales for children. His method is placed into the historical context through the analysis of two Horák’s collections of fairy tales Český Honza and České pohádky published in the first half of the 1940s, and through the comparison of selected model texts with their adaptations.

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Nástin poetiky prostoru ulic v prózách Miloše Urbana

Author(s): Jiří Kratochvíl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2011

The street is one of the dominant city spaces in Miloš Urban’s novels Sedmikostelí and Lord Mord, and features in a minor way in his other fiction, notably his book of short stories Mrtvý holky. All these named works are connected not only with the city of Prague but also with the motif of revolt, through which Urban adopts a critical position regarding contemporary society. In Sedmikostelí the streets are characterized as a labyrinth in which the hero undergoes a journey of initiation leading to a revolt against the present chaotic society in order to restore the medieval order of the world. In the collection of short stories Mrtvý holky the motif of revolt is presented by characterizing the streets as commercialized space where the mutual anonymity, even apathy of people is growing. The most apparent connection between the motif of revolt and the topos of the street occurs in his novel Lord Mord; here the street becomes a place where two different opinions of the redevelopment of Prague are confronted. Urban’s criticism of present society culminates in this novel, in which real-life political figures are openly accused of using dubious practices. In contemporary Czech fiction Urban defines himself as an author with a critical attitude to the development of Czech society since November 1989.

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Skácelovo básnické vidění z hlediska kognitivní vědy

Author(s): Biljana Manolova / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2010

This study is a part of a dissertation thesis which includes a practical cognitive interpretation of Jan Skácel’s poetry. From the cognitive science point of view, the uniqueness of Jan Skácel lies in the originality of his metaphor, in his conception of colours, his way of recategorizing our perception of time and space and in his outstanding ability to recategorize the conceptual language patterns. This extract contains a summary of all interpretative conclusions and offers a definition of Skácel’s poetic world based on the cognitive concept of the language image of the world. The main conclusion is that Skácel’s poetic image of the world is based on the language but crosses borders of his mother tongue (Czech language) at the same time. The summary stresses the fact that the cognitive approach enables us to enter numerous language images of the world provided that we know the language of the text.

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On mastodons, Faust and tight hugs : Jan Patočka on literature

Author(s): Petra James / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Although Patočka did not develop a systematic theory of aesthetics, he wrote numerous texts that together make up for his "philosophy of literature" as he himself called it. He creates a highly personal corpus of writers, a corpus that reflects his own philosophical positions. He dedicates a highly committed, indeed political interpretation to the works of Ivan Vyskočil, where he focuses on the description of mechanisms of power and its abuse. The political, civic dimension of Patočka's literary criticism, where he does not shy away from contemporary polemics, contradicts the largely shared idea of Patočka's late commitment to political debate. The persistent presence of the figure of Socrates in his texts, as a symbol of the philosopher's role in society, further refutes the notion of an apolitical nature of Patočka's work prior to Charter 77. The topic of "selling one's soul" that Patočka explores in his texts on Faust could be seen as the reverse side of caring for one's soul and a complement to his philosophical texts on the soul by Plato dating from the same period. Patočka's texts on literature and art, where we can see Patočka's philosophical concepts in action, coming alive in concrete literary interpretations, might be a refreshing, alternative port of entry into the complex but coherent and extremely rich Patočka's intellectual universe that still maintains its surprises and topical appeal today.

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