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„Gott erhaltte sein Wortt, die Edle Warheitt auf Vnsere Nachkomen. Amen“. Deutschgeschriebene Chroniken der nordwestböhmischen Städte aus der Zeit des Humanismus als historiolinguistische Forschungsquelle

„Gott erhaltte sein Wortt, die Edle Warheitt auf Vnsere Nachkomen. Amen“. Deutschgeschriebene Chroniken der nordwestböhmischen Städte aus der Zeit des Humanismus als historiolinguistische Forschungsquelle

Author(s): Lenka Vodrážková / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2020

The article presents three urban chronicles of Brüx (Most), Kaaden (Kadaň) and Komotau (Chomutov) dating from the 16th and the beginning of the 17th centuries as interesting and important sources of information on writing practices in Northwest Bohemia in the age of humanism from the textological point of view. The study also deals with some aspects of the urban history writing from the diachronic perspective of research of professional language concerning historiography like authors’ conceptions of the text of the chronicles and methodology of their historiographic work.

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The Bohemian broadside on St Ivan of 1688 : the exception that proves the rule?

The Bohemian broadside on St Ivan of 1688 : the exception that proves the rule?

Author(s): Marie Škarpová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The goal of the paper is to present the broadside on St Ivan printed in Prague in 1688 as important evidence of the existence of vernacular illustrated broadsides in Bohemia in the late 17th century. The broadsheet, which is related to the Benedictine monastery St John under the Rock, near Prague, whose church also serves as a pilgrimage site devoted to St Ivan, obviously aims at shaping the multiple identities and affiliations of the Benedictine community. It clearly belongs to a kind of print production that was costly, and it seems to have been distributed as a gift, with the obvious purpose of providing the monastery with a means for creating and strengthening social ties. In addition, the intertextual connections of the broadside to a pilgrimage book of 1691 relating to the same monastery show how fluid the contemporary boundary was between broadsides and printed booklets. The use of vernacular language and genres typical of pilgrimage books indicates that, despite its graphical and literary ambitions, the broadside of 1688 was not intended exclusively for social and intellectual elites but was designed to offer multiple levels of reception for different kinds of readers.

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Znojmo chapbooks with false imprints and tools for their detection

Znojmo chapbooks with false imprints and tools for their detection

Author(s): Martin Drozda / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In the first half of the 19th century, one can relatively often encounter the phenomenon of false imprints in Czech chapbooks. In such cases, a different place of printing is indicated in the imprint than was the case in reality. Uncritical acceptance of data about the place of printing can then lead to completely erroneous conclusions in subsequent analyses. Using the example of a number of Znojmo chapbooks, the aim of this text to demonstrate ways to identify chapbooks which have a false imprint. By analysing specific model chapbooks, we have been able to derive the tools that can be used for identification. A comparison of woodcuts turned out to be the main tool for identifying these prints. The study also shows that the Znojmo print shop produced a large number of chapbooks with a false imprint in the 1840s under Martin Hoffmann. The stated conclusions raise significant questions regarding any future evaluation of chapbook output at individual print shops on Czech territory.

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Unauthorised printing is forbidden : a contribution on the authorship of texts appearing in 19th-century pilgrimage chapbooks dedicated to the Virgin Mary of Svatá Hora

Unauthorised printing is forbidden : a contribution on the authorship of texts appearing in 19th-century pilgrimage chapbooks dedicated to the Virgin Mary of Svatá Hora

Author(s): Markéta Holubová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Within the wide range of printed books focusing on religious themes, an important role was played by pilgrimage chapbooks. Their primary task was to increase the prestige and popularity of pilgrimage sites and strengthen the promotion of pilgrimage cults among believers. Pilgrimage chapbooks, as a period medium, played an important role, since they mainly addressed the lower strata of the population. In the presented study we will try to analyse the results of research concerning questions of motivation and the social origin of their creators, and the way in which texts of pilgrimage chapbooks were created in the 19th century. Our attention will therefore be focused on issues that have so far stood outside the professional interest of experts. The basis of this analysis are the pilgrimage chapbooks dedicated to Panna Marie Svatohorská, i.e. the Virgin Mary of Svatá Hora (in English: "Holy Mountain"), one of the most revered pilgrimage cults in the Czech lands.

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Songs about St. John of Nepomuk from the 17th to the 19th century (especially broadside ballads)

Songs about St. John of Nepomuk from the 17th to the 19th century (especially broadside ballads)

Author(s): Jakub Ivánek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2023

This paper focuses on St. John of Nepomuk, the most popular saint of the Czech Baroque period, and his hymnography, which constitutes the largest group of songs in the entire Baroque hymnography from the Czech lands, whether in Czech or German. The study is dedicated not only to analysing the song material from the perspective of literary history (leitmotifs, other frequent motifs, metaphors and terms, song genres, forms of narration) but also to seeking relations between the songs and piety itself. Songs about St. John of Nepomuk, preserved mainly as broadside ballads, were in fact closely connected to the religious services performed during the May feasts in Prague and in front of his statues and chapels, which were spreading across the country from the beginning of the 18th and far into the 19th century. My research is based on 328 gathered songs, of which 201 have so far been analysed in more detail.

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Peter of Provence and fair Maguelonne : from a French mediaeval romance to a Czech broadside ballad

Peter of Provence and fair Maguelonne : from a French mediaeval romance to a Czech broadside ballad

Author(s): Alena Kotšmídová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper deals with the Czech broadside ballad about fair Maguelonne and Peter of Provence and its origins in a late mediaeval French prose romance, subsequently translated into German and Czech. Some basic information about the romance and an outline of its most important features, and those of the two translations, help put the broadside ballad into its literary and historical context. The main focus is, of course, on the broadside ballad itself, i.e., on presenting the preserved copies, describing the formal aspects of the work, and comparing the plot of the ballad with the plot of the Czech translation of the romance. Keeping in mind the previous versions of the story permits us not only better to understand the specificity of the broadside ballad, but, at the same time, to identify some of the modifications made by the author of the ballad as expressions of wider ongoing processes.

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Song of a deaf-mute shepherd : a Czech broadside ballad between the oral and printed tradition : an interdisciplinary case study

Song of a deaf-mute shepherd : a Czech broadside ballad between the oral and printed tradition : an interdisciplinary case study

Author(s): Věra Frolcová,Pavel Kosek,Hana Bočková,Markéta Holubová,Tomáš Slavický / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This is a case study of a critical edition and an analysis of one song from a collection of Czech broadside ballads published in the monograph To a Familiar Melody. The following text is an example of an interdisciplinary approach to Czech broadside ballads, combining insights from ethnology, ethnomusicology, linguistics, and literary history. Methodologically, it takes its starting point in twentieth century oral tradition accounts and historical retrospectives. The historical retrospective methodology traces the reception and variation of songs, the tradition of tunes, motifs, or elements of language in different social, territorial and media settings.

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Success and its Relativization: General Remarks on the Fate of Literary Works and their Authors (Specific Features of Czech Literature)

Success and its Relativization: General Remarks on the Fate of Literary Works and their Authors (Specific Features of Czech Literature)

Author(s): Ivo Pospíšil / Language(s): English Issue: 107/2023

The author of the present paper deals with the general features of success of literary artefacts on the examples of several Czech authors. Regardless of some typical cases going back to the 19th century, among others a famous one connected with the name of possibly the only real Czech romantic Karel Hynek Mácha, probably the most significant romantic poet in the world observed from the point of view of poetics and artistic values and existential angles, there are quite a lot of interesting 20th-21st-century authors whose success on the one hand and loss of popularity on the other signalled the causes of the whole process and its markers. While the 19th-century authors and the success of their work were linked with the preparedness of the reading public, with aesthetic tastes and prevalent styles, more modern literature since modernism has been connected, besides the mentioned factors, more with political shifts of emphasis and with the whole social atmosphere; it also depends on the thematic and genre structure of literary artefacts, on the problems dealt with, on the degree of experimentalism. The examples of several Czech 20th-century authors demonstrate various aspects of the problem of the markers of succes and their association with their creative individuality.

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„Toť utopie!“ Newtonův mozek Jakuba Arbesa a počátky české science fiction v žánrovém pohledu

„Toť utopie!“ Newtonův mozek Jakuba Arbesa a počátky české science fiction v žánrovém pohledu

Author(s): Ivan Adamovič / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

Jakub Arbes’s (1840–1914) Newtonův mozek (Newton’s Brain) is one of his first series of “romanettos”, a recently created genre that was associated with him in particular. However, Newton’s Brain was later referred to as a Czech science fiction forerunner and the very first Czech science fiction prose work. The following article analyses how close Newton’s Brain is to the science fiction genre, both in terms of traditional criteria and more recent views on literary genres, which perceive genre not as an immutable literary category, but as a historically anchored process inherently connected with the publication, reading and reflection upon a given group of texts.Jakub Arbes’s (1840–1914) Newtonův mozek (Newton’s Brain) is one of his first series of “romanettos”, a recently created genre that was associated with him in particular. However, Newton’s Brain was later referred to as a Czech science fiction forerunner and the very first Czech science fiction prose work. The following article analyses how close Newton’s Brain is to the science fiction genre, both in terms of traditional criteria and more recent views on literary genres, which perceive genre not as an immutable literary category, but as a historically anchored process inherently connected with the publication, reading and reflection upon a given group of texts.Jakub Arbes’s (1840–1914) Newtonův mozek (Newton’s Brain) is one of his first series of “romanettos”, a recently created genre that was associated with him in particular. However, Newton’s Brain was later referred to as a Czech science fiction forerunner and the very first Czech science fiction prose work. The following article analyses how close Newton’s Brain is to the science fiction genre, both in terms of traditional criteria and more recent views on literary genres, which perceive genre not as an immutable literary category, but as a historically anchored process inherently connected with the publication, reading and reflection upon a given group of texts.Jakub Arbes’s (1840–1914) Newtonův mozek (Newton’s Brain) is one of his first series of “romanettos”, a recently created genre that was associated with him in particular. However, Newton’s Brain was later referred to as a Czech science fiction forerunner and the very first Czech science fiction prose work. The following article analyses how close Newton’s Brain is to the science fiction genre, both in terms of traditional criteria and more recent views on literary genres, which perceive genre not as an immutable literary category, but as a historically anchored process inherently connected with the publication, reading and reflection upon a given group of texts.

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České rozhlasové adaptace děl Karla Čapka

České rozhlasové adaptace děl Karla Čapka

Author(s): Tomáš Bojda / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

This study analyses the current production tradition of presenting Karel Čapek’s literary works in the Czechoslovak radio context. It sets out the ongoing interest in Čapek’s work on the radio, reflects key radio adaptations of Čapek’s dramas and novels in individual micro-analyses, and attempts to establish the basic production mechanisms and to identify the opportunities and pitfalls involved in adapting Čapek’s works. It also highlights Čapek’s work as one of the most inspiring subject areas of auditory/verbal creative work, and points out various dramaturgical and directorial methods of reproducing the author’s poetics on the radio. The article also includes a chronological listing of radio productions of Čapek’s work.

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Neruda bez výročí

Neruda bez výročí

Author(s): Jakub Říha / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

V srpnu předloňského roku uběhlo 130 let od smrti Jana Nerudy. Snad vinou jiných, kulatějších výročí (Dante, Havlíček, Dostojevskij, Flaubert, Baudelaire) zůstalo toto jubileum téměř nepovšimnuto: „nostalgický kanál určený především pro seniory“ je připomněl reprízou seriálu Laskavý divák promine a „češtinářka, blogerka, spisovatelka… a námořník“ Veronika Valíková v Mladé frontě projasnila spojité otázky, zda Jan Neruda patří na hnůj a jestli ho ponechat v hodinách češtiny (srov. valíková 2021).

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Jan Neruda dnes: mezi uměním a veřejným životem

Jan Neruda dnes: mezi uměním a veřejným životem

Author(s): Dagmar Mocná / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

Dílo Jana Nerudy rozhodně nebylo v posledních desetiletích badatelsky opomíjeno, nicméně pozornost, jež mu byla věnována, byla značně nerovnoměrná: týkala se totiž takřka výhradně jeho prózy. Přitom až do šedesátých let 20. století byla situace přesně opačná — dominantnímu zájmu nerudovských vykladačů se těšila autorova poezie.

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Neruda ze dvou úhlů: věda a škola

Neruda ze dvou úhlů: věda a škola

Author(s): Dalibor Tureček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

V úvodním textu této debaty zůstala stranou pozornosti podstatná rovina dnešní nerudovské recepce, totiž školská literární výuka. Začněme letmo obecninami. Jen pohled do Rámcového vzdělávacího programu pro gymnázia, vypracovaného Výzkumným ústavem pedagogickým (srov. balada et al. 2007), podřizuje literaturu pojmům jazyk a komunikace, a redukuje tak komplexnost literárních textů na pouhou pomůcku k dosažení utilitárních kompetencí, k čemuž mají být prostředkem blíže nedefinované a nezávazné „hovory a úvahy“. Osnovy jednotlivých škol pak nutně redukují celkový rozsah české literární kultury a snaží se užívat především texty, se kterými si studenti nemusejí příliš lámat hlavu. A také je to musí bavit. Zkoušení faktografie může jistě být na nic, zcela faktografii a chronologii míjet je ale také na nic. Literární historie je přece jen právě historií: řadě textů nelze porozumět bez dobového kontextu, sázet jen na „hluboký čtenářský prožitek“, jak činí Rámcový vzdělávací program, je mylné. Kupříkladu josefínské reformy také dnes nebudeme „hluboce prožívat“, ale měli bychom jim rozumět v dobových souvislostech. A totéž si dovoluji tvrdit třeba o Nerudově žurnalistice nebo dramatu, které také dnes povětšinou nebude veřejnost spontánně číst pro potěšení. Memorování básní je pak něco jako rákoska nebo školský karcer. A lyrice se přece „vůbec nerozumí“. Výsledkem je degradace maturity, ke které si student může zcela náhodně vybrat pouhých dvacet textů. Bylo by zajímavé zjistit, zda a v jaké míře se do oněch výběrů dostává Neruda. Je ale pravděpodobné, že jeho absence bude ukázkovým argumentem v kruhu. Neučme ho, když „je to nezajímá“.

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Školní čtení Povídek malostranských?

Školní čtení Povídek malostranských?

Author(s): Alena Macurová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

Jinde bylo na příkladu tzv. čtenářských deníků/zápisků z četby ukázáno, že ti současní čtenáři, jimž je čtení Povídek malostranských (dále PM) Jana Nerudy ukládáno jako (školní) povinnost, si s nimi moc poradit nedokážou (srov. macurová 2009a, 2009b, 2010). Není divu: recepce PM předpokládá, už na rovině přiřazení významu k výrazu, široký kulturní rozhled, v první řadě možná značnou literární aj. sčetlost.

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Jan Neruda jako zrcadlo českého liberalismu?

Jan Neruda jako zrcadlo českého liberalismu?

Author(s): Václav Petrbok / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

V Leninově stati o Lvu Nikolajeviči Tolstém jako o „zrcadle ruské revoluce“ (1908, srov. lenin 1970) je sugestivně popsán rozpor Tolstého osobnosti jako tvůrce i myslitele prostřednictvím výkladu „odrazu“ té či oné stránky revolučního dění roku 1905 a doby následující. Kritice je ovšem podrobeno i „vypočítavé deklamování a nabubřelé fráze“, spojované s Tolstým ruskými liberály. Lenin přitom soudí, že autor, kterého chceme považovat za „velkého“ spisovatele, musí zrcadlit určité, a to podstatné stránky revoluce. Co jimi míní? Zásadní otázky života lidu (v různé míře složitosti), jejich odraz a vyjádření v literárním díle a hledání souvislosti mezi uměleckostí a revolučností.

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Na okraj Nerudovy prózy

Na okraj Nerudovy prózy

Author(s): Jiří Pelán / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

This article reflects on the innovations that can be noted in Neruda’s prose and which anticipate subsequent developmental phases (e.g. naturalism and symbolism). Neruda’s short stories are a combination of factual realism and authorial stylization, characteristic of what is known as the physiological sketch. The proto-naturalistic elements can be considered to be based on Neruda’s preoccupation with somewhat abnormal characters, handicapped physically or socially, a new image of eroticism, emphasizing the sexual motivations of human behaviour, an interest in the “insulted and humiliated” and Flaubert’s concept of the literary image as a sketch of “environment and passion”. As a rule, the autobiographical narrating “I” occupies the position of observer and witness for Neruda, and this “autobiographicism” effectively functions as a guarantee of the authenticity — the truthfulness, the “realism” — of what is narrated. At the same time, this “I” fully controls the narrative situation, and Neruda’s narrative mode is thus one of the most original variants of European Shandyism.

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Přepis jednoho zápasu

Přepis jednoho zápasu

Author(s): Michal Jareš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2023

This case study focuses on the changes that took place between the magazine and the book editions of Václav Kubec’s novel. For the book edition, the author updated and significantly changed the text in line with the new political situation in 1938. This textual strategy disrupts the commonly established understanding of popular literature, whereby a certain textual apathy on the part of the authors is highlighted as one of the typical elements. This study points to the transformations in the text as well as to the transformations in the genre segment typical of the period (adventure novels in an aviation setting).

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Čtyřicet psaní z kamakurského hotelu

Čtyřicet psaní z kamakurského hotelu

Author(s): Pavel Kořínek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2023

This case study describes Hloucha’s novelistic experiment to find a new form for the popular japonérie novel, written in the late 1910s and early 1920s using authentic travel notes from his first trip to Japan in 1906 and other older texts. This genre experiment attempting to combine a popular travelogue exposition with the traditional devices and procedures of epistolary sentimental prose involving relationships was not well received by critics and readers, but it presents an interesting example of the author’s efforts to innovate the genre and reassert his own position in the rapidly growing ranks of Czech „Japan specialists“ at that time.

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THE TRAGIC NATURE OF THE JOKE. THE JOKE VS. THE WORLD IN TWO DAYS

THE TRAGIC NATURE OF THE JOKE. THE JOKE VS. THE WORLD IN TWO DAYS

Author(s): Roxana COTRUȘ (ISPAS) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2023

Two of the novels which are deeply related to the experience within the limits of the totalitarian regime in the Eastern blocs are The Joke, by the Czech writer Milan Kundera, and The World in Two Days, by the Romanian writer George Bălăiță. Both Kundera and Bălăiță present in their novels the stories of individuals who pay the price of their destiny for the mistake of deviating from the imposed norms. Even if these two works present differences at the level of the narrative style, The Joke falling mainly within the modernist one and The World in Two Days in the postmodernist one, having allegorical characters, they have a series of common elements at the content level. Thus, the two novels propose a common theme, which reveals the collapse of a sacred world that falls prey to individuals obsessed with controlling other individuals' lives.

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Debatten um ‚sudetendeutsche Literatur‘ in der Prager Zeitschrift Die Wahrheit. Mit einem Exkurs zur Nadler‑Rezeption in der Tschechoslowakei

Debatten um ‚sudetendeutsche Literatur‘ in der Prager Zeitschrift Die Wahrheit. Mit einem Exkurs zur Nadler‑Rezeption in der Tschechoslowakei

Author(s): Štěpán Zbytovský / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

The article analyses the contributions of the Prague German magazine Die Wahrheit (1921- 1938), which deal with a delineation of German literature and culture in Czechoslovakia. The articles by Ferdinand Demel and Otto Pick on „Sudeten German literature,“ like the polemic by Johannes Urzidil and Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer, are closely related to the reception of Josef Nadler’s literary‑ historical works emphasizing cultural mixing and plurality. The contributions of the aforementioned authors, as well as Julius Mader’s insights into contemporary culture, show to what extent the vision of a common Czechoslovak culture was a desire, while the contradictions between Prague and the province, Czechs and Czechoslovak Germans, were more evident in the living reality.

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