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Recepcja czeskiej literatury dziecięcej i młodzieżowej w Polsce po 1989 roku

Author(s): Dorota Żygadło-Czopnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The primary purpose of this publication is to describe the last thirty years, comparing and organizing the phenomena in the reception of Czech literaturę for children and young adults in Poland after 1989. The mutual Polish-Czech relations and the reconstruction of the Polish publishing system had a significant impact on the nature and intensity of this reception. The relations from the end of World War II to 1989 were limited by specific political, economic, and cultural conditions and controlled by the state institutions established for that purpose.

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Rozhovor s Karlem Komárkem

Author(s): Jana Davidová Glogarová,Kristýna Kovářová,Jaroslav David / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2023

Interview with Karel Komárek

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Nie tylko do czytania: Váchalowska gra z ideą pięknej książki

Author(s): Anna Gawarecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2021

Josef Váchal (1884–1969), a graphic artist, painter and writer, primarily a xylographer, was considered as an outsider (and in his era “great absent”) of the 20th century Czech culture. Although it is almost impossible to enumerate all the areas in which this eccentric “multiartist” worked, however, at the center of his interests was the idea of a book entirely (from text to bookbinding) made by one artist. Most of the researchers who study Váchal’s book-making activity emphasize its connections with secessionist universalism, Wagner’s concept of Gesamtkunstwerk and the concept of “beautiful books”. The stylizing ambitions of this eccentric graphic artist found their fullest reflection in his impressively rich (covering several dozen titles)and a very diverse book design. Apart from his own occult studies and xylographic textbooks and written esoteric or heretical “secret” prints from centuries ago, he also published essayistic, poetic and novel texts, providing them with illustrations or rather supplementing the meanings conveyed by the written texts with meanings generated by the image, turning his book artifacts into objects of the intersemiotic way of reception.

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„Kiedyś to tego nie było” – współczesna czeska proza a tematy migracji

Author(s): Joanna Derdowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2022

While in the contemporary Czech public discourse, the ethos of emigration from the Czechoslovak times remains alive and supported by cultural production. The Czech Republic is becoming an immigrant country and there is a clearly discernible space for literature written by and about migrants in its literary field. Since authors whose biographies would allow this literature to be written with the license of “authenticity” are scarce, narratives about the migration experience are intermediated, mainly by writers who form the contemporary Czech canon and/or literary mainstream. On the basis of selected texts dealing with this topic, we can point to several strategies of representing the experience of migration (including economic migration) and displacement (the subversive potential of demographic changes, the didactic basis of attempts to create universalizing narratives about exile, attempts to create a Czech refugee subject), as well as the tropes through which this literature potentially opens up to the discourse of postmigration.

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Na co choruje świat? O najnowszych powieściach Radki Denemarkovej i Olgi Tokarczuk

Author(s): Magdalena Brodacka-Dwojak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The aim of this article is a comparative analysis of the works of two important Central European female writers: Radka Denemarková and Olga Tokarczuk; with a particular focus on their most recent novels: Hodiny z olova (2018) and Empuzjon. Horror przyrodoleczniczy (2022). The introduction juxtaposes literary agendas and goals that the both authors set for their novels as well as extra-literary ways of communicating with the readers. Introduction is followed by an analysis of the formal characteristics of their novels, which escape genre explicitness. The plot construction of the works corresponds with the subject matter, and has the character of a diagnosis that opens up a discussion on the condition of contemporary societies: Czech, Polish, European and even Chinese. In Hodiny z olova, Denemarková juxtaposes contemporary Beijing and Prague, asks about values and human rights in (post)totalitarian societies. Tokarczuk, on the other hand, uses the metaphor of tuberculosis to ask about other human ailments related to identity and co-existence with the natural world.

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Wdowy po górnikach mówią mocnym głosem. Literackie obrazy losu kobiet w Zagłębiu Ostrawsko-Karwińskim

Author(s): Renata Buchtová / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The article is an attempt to look at the situation of mine workers’ wives, widows and daughters in Zagłębie Ostrawsko-Karwińskie, currently belonging to the Czech Republic. The topos of the male mine worker was founded on the stereotype of the traditional proletarian masculinity not only in the Polish People’s Republic but also in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic; the mine workers were presented as the icons of the success propaganda. After 1989 a polemic with this view was undertaken by the theatre in the Czech Republic and in the last decade the literature, written mostly by women (Kamila Hladká, Karin Lednická), has done so as well. Until now, the writers and researchers have concentrated on the hard work of the fathers in the mine worker families, which has resulted in an impression that the women were only the passive spectators of all the dramatic changes happening in the hard coal mining industry. Thanks to adapting the feminist perspective, it is possible to get to know a traditional Silesian mine worker family depicted differently than before.

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Detabuizacja, prowokacja i kontrowersyjność w utworach współczesnych czeskich prozaiczek

Author(s): Anna Car / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The main purpose of the paper is to present and discuss issues related to crossing controversial and provocative cultural boundaries with regard to the taboo pertaining to eroticism along with non-prudish sexuality, corporality, rape and domestic violence. This problem is illustrated by the works of the leading Czech female writers such as: Jakuba Katalpa, Petra Hůlová and Radka Denemarková. The analyses and interpretations of the works are complemented by the reactions of Czech critics, which are often very agitated. The topic of the article relates not only to the talented Czech female writers, but also draws attention to the phenomenon of “writing done by women” standing in opposition to “women’s literature”.

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БОРИС ХРИСТОВ, БОХУМИЛ ХРАБАЛ И ПРОБЛЕМЪТ ЗА ВИСОКОТО И НИСКОТО

Author(s): Alexandra Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01/2023

This text considers the problem of the high and the low in preapocalyptic totalitarian reality and sanity as a counterpoint of the norm as presented in three unofficial novels written by Boris Hristov and Bohumil Hrabal during communism in Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia. Too Loud a Solitude by Hrabal and Livor mortis and The Blind Dog by Hristov depict the outsiders and marginals who put the socialist vision of normality in doubt. The novels expose the problems of freedom, sanity, wisdom, death, social unification and the annihilation of individuality.

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EINE BEFREIENDE EXPANSION INS NICHTS – RAUM- UND ZEITKONSTRUKTION IN MICHAEL STAVARIČ’ ROMAN BRENNTAGE

Author(s): SZILVIA RITZ / Language(s): German Issue: 40/2019

Present contribution focuses on the function of mythical and fantastic elements in connection with the role of time in the novel Brenntage of Czech-Austrian author Michael Stavarič. Beyond a special way of waste disposal, the title of the book refers to an iterative symbolic act in a village community which determines the relation to their past. This article examines Brenntage with regard to the linguistic presentation of parallel narrative worlds, which constitutes the polyphony of the text. Special attention will be given to the combination of cyclic and linear concepts of time that create the multi-layering of the text and which are going to be interpreted in the context of the transition to adulthood. Subsequently, variant readings will be presented to show possible consequences of the juxtaposition of cyclicity and linearity for the position of the first-person narrator.

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WIND OF CHANGE OR WHEN THE NEW STRIKES THE OLD

Author(s): Ramona Ana Sas / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

This paper examines how the theme of transition and change is presented in the novel City, Sister, Silver written by the Czech writer Jáchym Topol. The analysis highlights some key points regarding the new social formations or neo-tribes that emerged immediately after the fall of communism, as well as the influence of the free market and the changes brought about by capitalism. Furthermore it brings to light the relation between the margin and centre as a specific theme for Central European space.

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Ting, minne og identitet hos Inghill Johansen

Author(s): Thomas Seiler / Language(s): Norwegian Issue: 6/2022

Things play a crucial role in Johansen’s short prose. However, they do not have an independent life as has been the case in Kafka’s prose, instead they are to be understood as memorial objects linked to their users. The aim of the following paper is to discuss this relationship more in detail, by considering the sceptical attitude of the narrator toward language as a medium of communication.

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„Każda historia zaczyna się od mitu”. Proza Milady Součkovej w kontekście teorii nowego mitu Vàclava Navràtila

Author(s): Kamila Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13 (16)/2023

This article refers to the theory of the new myth described by the Czech philosopher Vàclav Navràtil. It addresses issues of its reflection in the works of the representative of the Czech literary avant-garde Milada Součkovà. The new mythology, as seen by Navràtil, was a reaction to the crisis of the 1930s and 1940s. The philosopher repeatedly stressed the idea that the new times required the creation of a new mythology understood in the context of the myth of everyday life. According to Navràtil, modern myth is born out of everyday, ordinary events. Pursuing this theory, Navràtil linked this concept to the notion of an archaeology of memories and the recording of the infinitesimally small moments of one’s own existence that make up a private mythology. The philosopher introduced the concept of static time being a type of duration. In turn, static time and the archaeology of memories are linked by nostalgia. These reflections coincide with the texts of Součkovà, whose works contain records of private memories superimposed on collective memory.

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AUTORSKA BAJKA KARELA ČAPEKA

Author(s): Hasan Zahirović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3-4/2022

Neke češke književne teoretičarke (Šmahelová 1989, Vařejková 1944) smatraju autorsku bajku specifičnom i vrhunskom u češkoj dječjoj književnosti u Čehoslovačkoj1 . Rađanje ove bajke je u kompletnoj režiji autora i očevidan je odstup od klasične poetike i folklorne umotvorine. U početku se autorska bajka oslanjala na klasičnu bajku, ali postepeno su se autori oslobađali od tradicije i sami sebi određivali lične motive i metode. Ova vrsta bajke se razvila u međuratnom čehoslovačkom razdoblju i razlikuje se od klasične bajke po tome što autor iako poštuje njenu žanrovsku specifičnost – bitno remeti njenu idejnu, tematsku, kompozicijsku i lingvističku stabilnost; igra se sa žanrovskom normativnošću i svjesno nameće ili čak poriče osnovne elemente (stvara tzv. antibajku) i u nju unosi potpuno netradicionalne, inovirane i ažurirane teme, motive, konstrukciju, stilske postupke i jezička sredstva pomoću kojih se povezuju s narodnom pričom... (Toman 1992: 69)

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Jan Neruda padesátých a šedesátých let jako baladik nejistota životního určení a smysl moderní literatury

Author(s): Eva Blinková Pelánová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2023

Jan Neruda as a balladeer in the 1850s and 1860s The uncertainty of life’s destination and the meaning of modern literature The present study deals with Neruda’s authorial work on certain themes and (balladic) narratives. Broader intertextual and comparative interrogation takes into account the emergence of the pre-romantic or sentimental ballad (with focus on texts by Bürger, Goethe and Poe). Balladicity, as we call the discussed feature of Neruda’s own poetics, makes it possible to link up the interpretive starting points available for the Tales of the Lesser Quarter and the Arabesques with the author’s poetry, as we demonstrate in his Books of Verse. In light of several interpretative surveys and Baudelaire’s approach to quotidianity and modernity, the study concludes by Neruda’s idea of a historically conditioned and humanly valid artistic “truth”.

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Literárněkartografické (a kvantitativní) modely v literární vědě

Author(s): Richard Změlík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2022

This study focuses on the methodology behind digital literary cartography and quantitative analysis of narrative texts, while attempting to show, through specific examples, one of the ways they can functionally interconnect. The first part of the study presents an overview, focusing on selected foreign literary-cartographic projects, while the second part presents some original research, focusing on the literary-cartographic mapping of Prague’s fictional topography in 19th century Czech prose. In addition to cartographic models, the study also presents basic models for quantitative analysis of selected criteria relating to fictional narratives. The ultimate aim of the paper is both to show the opportunities for combining the two basic types of models and to demonstrate their potential for informing the way literary works are interpreted.

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Pojem secese v české literární vědě

Author(s): Radek Touš / Language(s): Czech Issue: XXXI/2022

The presented study deals with the concept of Art Nouveau in Czech literary studies. In the first part, we try to outline the meaning that literary critics assigned to the term Art Nouveau at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, when this term first began to appear in the Czech language environment. In the second part, we introduce the basic approaches to the term Art Nouveau, which numerous literary historians have applied in their works in many variations over the years. The aim of the paper is to point out the ambiguity of the term Art Nouveau, the core of which lies in the insufficient distinction between the original meaning of the term (from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries) and the later meanings that literary historians began to ascribe to it. The aim of the thesis is also to infer criteria from the presented analyses and interpretations, the observance of which would lead to a clearer usage of the term Art Nouveau and, consequently, to its introduction as a justified literary-historical category.

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Robert Saudek a jeho Diplomati

Author(s): Michal Topor / Language(s): Czech Issue: 42/2023

The present study examines Saudek’s novel Diplomats (1921) from three perspectives: first, with regard to the (biographical) circumstances of its creation and publication; second, in the gradual development of its concrete form and fields of meaning; third, with an emphasis on the ways in which it was realized. The middle part of the study is the most dominant, evoking (in excerpts and comments) specific elements and constraints of Saudek’s novel structure — centred on the feminist intermingling of the story of Pygmalion with Christ’s (or apostolic) gestation, in accordance with a tendency of the period to bring together the national and universal horizons of salvation, and to confront the temporal connections and confrontations with stimuli from the outside world. To understand their present and future, the main protagonists of the novel are constructed as initiates in the art of graphology, able to identify the handwriting of famous writers. They believe, moreover, that they can recognize the ‘handwriting of history’: that is, the contours of what is to come. At the same time, they do not want to remain mere contemplative readers of this historical nature, and they go in search of someone who can change the course of the world to meet their ideal, namely that of a peaceful world. They find this in the figure of T. G. Masaryk.

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Nový textový pramen Prometheových jater

Author(s): Jakub Říha / Language(s): Czech Issue: 42/2023

This article explores a newly discovered source text for Jiří Kolář’s Prometheus’s Liver: a typescript preserved in the estate of Vítězslav Kocourek, who at the time was an editor at the Československý spisovatel publishing house. Everything suggests that this typescript was the basis for a typeset version prepared for publication in 1970. The typescript contains a number of modifications and elisions, and as such represents a key source for research on a particular phase of the history of the text.

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K reflexivnosti Vaculíkova Českého snáře

Author(s): Hana Kosáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 42/2023

The present study deals with the problem of reflexivity in Ludvík Vaculík’s semi-autobiographical novel Czech Dream Book (samizdat 1981; English 2019). The notion of reflexivity is conceived of as the intersection of real empirical life and the fictional world. The real author approached a number of people from the dissident circle with a request to review the first version (and later the expanded manuscript) of his novel. This collective engagement with the text would then become one of the important thematic lines of (later versions of) Vaculík’s multi-thematic novel. The work is reflexive in yet other ways: correspondence with the author’s mistress Helena Bukovanská and others, for example, who eventually participate in the finalization of the novel. An important role in the subsequent reception of Czech Dream Book was also played by a book of reviews on the text, which Vaculík himself initiated and edited. This study analyzes a large amount of previously unknown material from the archives.

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Obecność. O obrazach Kafki

Author(s): Monika Gromala / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2022

Autorka analizuje sposoby funkcjonowania obrazów-portretów w twórczości Franza Kafki, traktując je jako widmowe figury uobecnionego „prawa”. Przyglądając się powieściom oraz krótszym prozom austriackiego pisarza, zwraca uwagę na pozycje władzy, systematykę postaw kontrolnych, a także na skłonność samych obrazów do przekształceń i metamorfoz.

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